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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation and decarburization of an Fe-AI-C alloy (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 894-899 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation behaviour of the Fe-5.5A1-0.55C (wt%) alloy was studied in air at 500 to 950° C. Specimens of two types of preparation were used: (i) homogenized for 4 h at 1100° C under an argon protective atmosphere to form carbide particles in the ferrite matrix (referred to Type 1 alloy); and (ii) homogenized for 96 h at 1100° C under an air atmosphere to form a ferrite matrix with full decarburization (Type 2 alloy). Type 1 alloy with or without a decarburized zone after oxidation had a higher oxidation rate than Type 2 alloy. The oxidation kinetics of Type 1 alloy are controlled by the stability of carbide particles. The interference of CO or CO2 formation influences vitally the formation of protective aluminium oxide. During the oxidation of Type 2 alloy, two oxidation periods appear with slightly different parabolic constant values. The oxidation rate increased with temperature to a maximum at 600° C and then decreased to a minimum at 800° C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01153985
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the stress-strain relations of dual-phase steels (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 2682-2688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The correlations of the work-hardening exponent,n, with quenching temperature, martensite volume-fraction (MVF) and solute concentration in ferrite are discussed and derived for dual-phase steel. The flow stress of dual-phase steel at low strain is suggested to be expressed by the combination of the terms due to plastic deformation in ferrite and elastic deformation of martensite. Previous experimental results are compared with the behaviour suggested by this theoretical work. In addition, an expression for the work hardening exponents at moderate strains and at the onset of necking are also theoretically suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00552950
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of X-ray and electron microscopic studies of fatigue (1975)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 11 (1975), S. 251-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le mémoire donne des éclaircissements sur les modifications substructurales qui se produisent en cours de fatigue d'alliages Ni-Co comportant différentes énergies de défauts d'empilement. En particulier, il traite de la manière dont la microscopie électronique par transmission et par sonde est à même d'élucider les résultats d'une étude substructurale précédente, au cours de laquelle on a eu recours à la technique des rayons X pour étudier les modifications de dimensions de particules durant l'essai de fatigue.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Dieser Bericht gibt eine Erläuterung für substrukturelle Änderungen unter Müdigkeit in Ni-Co Legierungen mit verschiedener Fehlerhäufungsenergie. Im besonderen wird gezeigt wie durch Transmissions-und Sondierungsmikroskopie eine frühere sustrukturelle Forschung, begründet auf die Änderung der Grösse von X-Strahlenpartikeln unter Müdigkeit, erklärt werden kann.
    Notes: Abstract This paper concerns the clarification of substructural changes occurring during fatigue in Ni-Co alloys of different stacking fault energy. In particular the paper deals with how transmission and scanning electron microscopy might elucidate an earlier substructural study based on changes of X-ray particle size during fatigue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038892
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability and work hardening of an Fe-12Cr-23Mn austenitic steel (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 20 (1985), S. 2757-2766 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of pre-strain on the strain-induced martensitic transformation of an Fe-12Cr-23Mn austenitic steel has been investigated through transmission electron microscopy and X-ray analysis. Pre-strain was performed either at room temperature or at 200° C. Final strain was carried out at liquid-nitrogen temperature. Theε phase was shown to form on {1 1 1} planes of the austenite matrix predominantly by overlapping of stacking faults. The martensite transformation sequence wasγ →ε →α. Nucleation of theα phase mainly occurred at intersections ofε bands. Austenite stability was shown to increase by pre-strain at 25° C or 200° C. Pre-strain at 200° C has a greater effect on austenite stability than does pre-strain at 25° C. The mechanism was discussed in terms of martensite transformation rate and various substructures introduced during straining. Work hardening was shown to depend on the degree of pre-strain and final strain. The correlation between work hardening and substructures introduced during straining was examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553037
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carbon on the oxidation of Fe-5.5 Al-0.55 C alloy (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 3203-3208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An alloy with the chemical composition Fe-5.5 wt% Al-0.55 wt% C is employed to investigate the effect of carbon on the oxidation at 600, 800 and 1000° C in dry air. Kinetic curves were determined by thermogravimetry analyses. Optical metallography and electron probe microanalysis were used to examine the oxide scales formed on the alloy surfaces. The kinetic curves observed at 600, 800 and 1000° C had simple, three-stage and two-stage parabolic rate laws, respectively. No carbide-free layer could be observed in the alloy which was oxidized at 600° C. In contrast, a carbide-free zone was found in specimens of the alloy after oxidizing at 800 and 1000°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01161183
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High temperature studies of Fe-Mn-Al-C alloys with different manganese concentrations in air and nitrogen (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 3497-3503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The formation of AIN was studied using a series of Fe-Mn-Al-C alloys with manganese contents from 20 to 40 wt%. All investigations were carried out in air and nitrogen at 1000° C. The permeability (D N N N) of nitrogen in Fe-Mn-Al-C alloys was found to be a major factor influencing the formation of AIN precipitates which are always observed underneath the oxide scales of the specimen. The formation of AIN is related to the lower formation rate of Al2O3 and high permeability of nitrogen; therefore AIN can only be formed in those alloys with a higher manganese concentration because the specimens are treated in air and in pure nitrogen at 1000 C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02385731
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue studies on dual-phase low carbon steel (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 2521-2526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Low cycle fatigue studies have been carried out on 2 wt% Mn, 2 wt% Si and 0.1 wt% C steels with dual-phase and tempered martensitic structures. Fatigue crack initiation and propagation were investigated using scanning electron microscopy as well as optical microscopy. In addition, taper-section and cross-section techniques were also performed for more detail studies on the correlation of crack initiation with the internal microstructures of the testing samples. Internal microstructures were also investigated on the dual-phase steel sample before and after fatigue fracture by transmission electron microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01113591
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of nitrogen and nickel on the stability of an Fe-12Cr-23Mn austenitic steel (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 2866-2870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of nitrogen and nickel on the austenite stability and the structural changes as a result of cold work of an Fe-12Cr-23Mn alloy steel has been examined by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray analysis. Prestrain was performed either at room temperature or at 200° C. Final strain was carried out at liquid nitrogen temperature. The volume fraction of strain-induced martensite decreased by 40% and 12% due to the addition of 2.43% Ni and 0.11% N, respectively, despite whether prestrain was performed or not. The mechanisms are discussed in terms of the ɛ phase, stacking faults, dislocation cells and dislocation tangles induced by prestrain and final strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00551504
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of manganese on the oxidation of Fe-Mn-Al-C alloys (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 744-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of manganese on the oxidation of alloys with the chemical composition (wt%) Fe-5AAl-1.5Mn-0.58C and Fe-5.3Al-3.5Mn-0.53C at 600, 800 and 1000° C in dry air were investigated. Kinetic curves were determined by thermogravimetric analyses. Optical metallography and electron probe microanalysis were used to examine the oxide scales. The kinetic curves of Fe-5.4Al-1.5Mn-0.58C alloy oxidized at 600, 800 and 1000° C had simple, three- and two-stage parabolic rate laws, respectively. On the other hand, two stages of linear rate law were observed in Fe-53Al-3ZMn-0.53C alloy when oxidized at 600° C, while two distinct parabolic rate laws were found in the same alloy oxidized at 800 and 1000° C. Oxidation behaviours and the oxide formation mechanisms of the alloys at different temperatures are discussed in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01174715
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The study of work hardening in Fe-Mn-Al-C alloys (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 2449-2453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Three austenitic Fe-Mn-Al-C alloys with different aluminium content from 0, 5.1 and to 8.5wt% are chosen for the present work hardening study. Serrated stress-strain curves with pronounced work hardening were observed during tensile testing, also the serration of stress-strain curve is found to be decreasing as the increase of aluminium content. The serration can, however, still be observed even if the aluminium content is increased to as much as 8.5wt%. According to morphology studies and electron microscopic investigations, it is found that strain-induced deformation twins are closely related to the work hardening in the present alloys. Therefore, deformation twinning is strongly suggested as a major cause of work hardening in Fe-Mn-Al-C alloys, and also plays an important role on the serration of stress-strain curve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01174510
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