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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol perturbs polyamine metabolism in the phytopathogenic fungus Pyrenophora avenae (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 163 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Biomass production by the plant pathogenic fungus Pyrenophora avenae was reduced following growth in 1, 3 and 6% ethanol. Although cadaverine concentration was not affected by growth in ethanol, putrescine and spermine concentrations were increased following growth in 3% ethanol and concentrations of spermidine and spermine were substantially increased following exposure to 6% ethanol. These changes were accompanied by significant increases in the activities of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and in the flux of label from ornithine into the polyamines. Formation of the cadaverine derivatives aminopropylcadaverine and N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)cadaverine was greatly increased in P. avenae exposed to 6% ethanol, probably via the action of lysine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and the aminopropyltransferases. There was also a doubling of polyamine oxidase activity following fungal growth in 6% ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13032.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and antifungal activity of six benzylic diamines (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 157 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Six benzylic diamines were synthesised and examined for antifungal activity. Four of the compounds, KB 2, KB 4, KB 5 and KB 6, reduced radial growth of the oat leaf stripe pathogen Pyrenophora avenae, the largest reduction obtained with 25 μM KB 4, which reduced radial growth by 47%. Surprisingly, these four amines had no effect against infection of barley seedlings with the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. Instead, two different amines, KB 1 and KB 3, reduced powdery mildew infection on barley. The greatest reduction was obtained with 25 μM KB 3, which reduced mildew infection by 69%. All of the amines which exhibited antifungal or fungicidal properties perturbed polyamine formation as measured by the incorporation of labelled ornithine into polyamines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12787.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamine metabolism in the thermotolerant mesophilic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 153 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Biomass production by Aspergillus fumigatus was greatest at 40–45°C and was associated with an increase in concentration of the diamine putrescine and activity of its biosynthetic enzyme ornithine decarboxylase. Concentrations of the other amines, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine were considerably lower than putrescine concentration and did not change significantly over the temperature range 20–50°C. This is surprising in view of the greatly increased flux of label from ornithine through to spermidine at 45 and 50°C, indicating an increased formation of this triamine. It is suggested that there was increased formation of spermidine derivatives at these temperatures. Interestingly, there was greatly increased formation of the higher homologues of cadaverine, aminopropylcadaverine and N,N′-bis(3-aminopropyl)cadaverine, in A. fumigatus at 45 and 50°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12607.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and antifungal activity of two novel spermidine analogues (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 148 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two spermidine analogues were synthesised and examined for antifungal activity. Both compounds used as 1 mM post-inoculation sprays reduced infection of barley seedlings by the powdery mildew fungus, Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei, infection of broad bean seedlings by the rust fungus, Uromyces viciae-fabae, and infection of apple seedlings by the powdery mildew fungus, Podosphaera leucotricha. Since these fungal pathogens cannot be cultured axenically, the effects of the two spermidine analogues on mycelial growth in vitro, as well as preliminary investigations on polyamine biosynthesis, were undertaken using the oat stripe pathogen, Pyrenophora avenae. Although neither compound affected radial growth of the fungus on plates, both analogues reduced fungal biomass in liquid culture substantially. The two spermidine analogues, used at a concentration of 1 mM, had no significant effect on the conversion of labelled ornithine into polyamines in P. avenae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10261.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antifungal activity of three spermidine conjugates (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 201 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Three tri-substituted spermidines, di-p-coumaroyl-caffeoylspermidine, tri-caffeoylspermidine and tri-p-coumaroylspermidine, isolated from pollen of Quercus alba, were examined for antifungal activity. Both di-p-coumaroyl-caffeoylspermidine and tri-p-coumaroylspermidine reduced mycelial growth of the oat leaf stripe pathogen, Pyrenophora avenae and reduced powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) infection of barley seedlings when applied as a post-inoculation treatment. When used as a pre-inoculation treatment, only di-p-coumaroyl-caffeoylspermidine reduced powdery mildew infection significantly. Growth of P. avenae in the presence of 100 μM di-p-coumaroyl-caffeoylspermidine reduced activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC), and led to a reduction in the incorporation of labelled ornithine into spermidine. The other two spermidine conjugates increased AdoMetDC activity and the flux label from ornithine into spermine in P. avenae significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10765.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The putrescine analogue (E)-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene reduces DNA methylation in the plant pathogenic fungus Pyrenophora avenae (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 154 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The synthetic putrescine analogue (E)-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene is known to possess antifungal and fungicidal properties. Although it perturbs fungal polyamine metabolism, this is not thought to be its primary mode of action. This paper reports that (E)-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene reduces DNA methylation in the plant pathogenic fungus Pyrenophora avenae. These reductions in DNA methylation were accompanied by greatly reduced methionine uptake by the fungus, although it is not known whether this was responsible for the altered DNA methylation. Reduced DNA methylation may result in the expression of specific genes, although which genes are affected and whether such changes are linked to reduced fungal growth awaits further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12646.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamines in discrete regions of barley leaves infected with the powdery mildew fungus, Erysiphe graminis (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 67 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine and the activities of arginine decarboxylase (ADC; EC 4.1.1.19) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC: EC 4.1.1.17) were determined in discrete regions of barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Golden Promise) infected with the powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei Marchal). Polyamine concentrations and the activities of both enzymes were always greatest within the region surrounding the fungal pustule, with the lowest values always being found in the region furthest away from the pustule. Although the concentrations of the three amines and ADC and ODC activities within the fungal pustule were always less than values from the zone surrounding the pustule, these differences were never significant. Polyamine concentrations and ODC activity were not significantly reduced, and ADC activity remained unchanged in mildewed leaves with all surface fungal growth removed. It would appear therefore that not only does most of the increase in amines and ODC activity reside in the leaf itself, but that very little of this increase is due to fungal growth and sporulation. Furthermore, it seems possible that the increase in polyamines in mildewed barley could be involved in ‘green-island’ formation, where regions around mildew pustules remain green and physiologically active while the rest of the leaf senesces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb05068.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamine concentrations and arginine decarboxylase activity in wheat exposed to osmotic stress (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 82 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The activity of L-arginine decarboxylase (ADC: EC 4.1.1.19)and polyamine content were examine in intact wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sappo) exposed to osmotic stress (0.4 M mannitol) for 5 days. ADC activity was increased in first and second leaves and in roots of mannitol-stressed plants. Concentrations of putrescine, cadaverine and spermine were generally increased in leaves and roots of plants exposed to mannitol, whereas spermidine was reduced in first leaves and roots of these plants. In an attempt to determine the localization of mannitol in stressed wheat. 14C-mannitol was fed to plants grown in liquid culture. Most of the mannitol was detected in roots (84%), while small amounts were found in first (9%) and second (7%) leves.Since it seemed possible that some of the effects on polyamine metabolism caused by exposure to mannitol could have been the result of water stress. polyamine metabolism was also studied in plants water stressed by exposure to 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000. ADC activity was not altered by exposure to PEG. but concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine were generally reduced in leaves and roots of stressed plants. Cadaverine concentrations were not significantly affected by exposure to PEG. Spermidine and spermine concentrations were reduced in first and second leaves but remained unchanged in roots of plants exposed to PEG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb00079.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of cadaverine derivatives in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 145 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The higher homologues of cadaverine, aminopropylcadaverine (APC) and N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)cadaverine (3APC) were formed by a wild-type strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and by two mutant strains, spe 3-1 and spe 4-1, exhibiting point mutations in the genes for spermidine synthase and spermine synthase, respectively. This, together with the incomplete inhibition of APC and 3 APC formation in the presence of inhibitors of 5-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase, suggests that the cadaverine derivatives are formed partly by the operation of a different route. However, the yeast strains were unable to utilise [14C]aspartate and lysine to form APC and 3APC. Since the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor adifluoromethylomithine (DFMO) greatly reduced the formation of APC and 3APC, it is suggested that these compounds are formed preferentially in these yeast strains from cadaverine formed by ODC. APC and 3APC formation in the yeast strains was increased substantially following exposure to 37 °C for 2 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08586.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Germination and appressiorial formation by uredospores ofUromyces viciae-fabae exposed to inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 101 (1995), S. 573-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Uromyces viciae-fabae ; uredospores ; germination ; appressorial formation ; polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An examination was made of the effects of three polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors on germination and appressorium formation by uredospores of the bean rust fungusUromyces viciae-fabea on artificial membranes. The ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine had no effect on uredospore germination, even when used at 2mM, whereas appressorium formation was reduced by 63% at 0.5 mM and by 99% at 2mM. Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), an inhibitor of S-andenosylmethionine decarboxylase, reduced germination when used at 0.025 mM, and at this concentration, appressorium formation was completed prevented. Uredospore germination was unaffected by as much as 3 mM cyclohexylamine, an inhibitor of spermidine esynthase, while appressorium formation was reduced at 1 mM and completely prevented at 3.3 mM. These results support previous suggestions that inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis exert their main effect on the early stages of fungal development on the leaf surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874483
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