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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Entwicklung der Elektronenlawine in den Plasmakanal, untersucht mit Bildverstärker und Wischverschluß (1966)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 189 (1966), S. 465-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The application of high gain image intensifier and image converter streak shutter techniques to investigations of faintly luminous early stages of gaseous discharges discloses in some detail the development of electron avalanches into anode- and cathode-directed streamers as soon as the critical amplification (n≈108) is attained in the gap. The velocities of both of the streamer branches were measured quantitatively as to the dependence on pressure (p), field (E/p) and gas (Nitrogen and various mixtures), typical values being 0.5 ... 1 · 108 cm/sec. We find that streamer propagation is suitably described in a coordinate-system drifting with the electrons (driftvelocityv − ≈ 1 · 107 cm/sec) and that the way it depends on the discharge parameters suggests that ionization by electron impact (in the eigen-spacecharge distorted field) and photoionization are the determining effects. — The cathode-directed streamers show a considerable intensification and acceleration as soon as they are encountered by cathodic secondary avalanches, which however are obviously not essential for the initiation of the process in itself. — The streak images give also an impression of persisting excitation and ionization processes in the region of the streamer-paths and of the transition into the beginning of the bright spark, correlated with several ionizing fronts observed moving towards anode or cathode with velocities even 〉108 cm/sec. (The paper includes also details of the gaseous near UV-radiation which was utilized for registration with image intensifier or converter, especially with respect to the decaytime of the excited states.) The results obtained are essentially a verification and to some extend completion of predictions made on the basis of early cloud chamber investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01338655
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionization, electron-attachment, -detachment, and charge-transfer in oxygen and air (1971)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 241 (1971), S. 258-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An extended theory which allows for ionization (α), associative (¯η) and dissociative (¯η) electron attachment, detachment (ϑ), and charge-transfer (χ) is successfully applied to spatial current growth experiments inoxygen in the rangeE/p=30–50 V/cmtorr to yield consistent data for the respective coefficients. Mass spectrometer results are also adequately described by the theory and data, ¯η-values are compared with calculations based on electron beam data. A temporal electron current growth version of the theory is applied to measurements inair to yield a corresponding set of data, ¯η and χ values are found to be in accordance with the percentage of oxygen in air. Earlier detachment rates for air and oxygen, and ionization rates for air, are confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01395333
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mittlere Energien und Driftgeschwindigkeiten von Elektronen in Stickstoff, Argon und Xenon, ermittelt aus Bildverstärkeraufnahmen von Elektronenlawinen (1964)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 178 (1964), S. 64-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Local and temporal development of electron avalanches in a pulsed discharge gap (d=3,00 cm) are investigated in N2, Ar, Xe and mixtures of N2 and CH4 by simultaneously applying high gain image intensifier- and photomultiplier techniques. Electron drift velocities are obtained from time-of-flight and way-of-flight measurements in these gases. The mean energy of agitation of the electrons is derived both from electron mobility and avalanche image trace profile (diffusion broadening). The results obtained (for 20°C), being in fair agreement with one another, read N2: (4·6...5·0) eV forE/p=50...200 V/cm Torr; Ar: (9·0...9·5) eV forE/p=24... 45 V/cm Torr; Xe: (4·8...5·0) eV forE/p= 40... 90 V/cm Torr; CH4(10% N2): 6·3 eV forE/p= 89 V/cm Torr. The mean energy of agitation does not change very much withE/p in the ranges investigated. Some results concerning the radiation properties of these gases are included such as lifetime of the excited states, quenching pressure etc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01375484
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die weitere Entwicklung der Elektronenlawine, untersucht mit Bildverstärker und Wischverschluß (1964)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 180 (1964), S. 516-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract By simultaneously applying image intensifier and image converter streak shutter techniques it is possible to investigate the local and temporal development of electron avalanches in a homogeneous field into the weakly ionised streamer channels. Velocities of the anode-directed and cathode-directed streamers are measured (order of cm magnitude: several 107 and approximately 108sec/cm respectively). Persisting processes in the plasmachannels are revealed and it is shown that once the electrodes are bridged by the streamer-channels the high intensity spark starts rapidly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01381827
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vorstadium des Funkens, untersucht mit dem Bildverstärker (1967)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 204 (1967), S. 177-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Streamer development (near cathode, midgap, and near anode streamers) was investigated by means of image intensification and image deflection as to conditions for streamer onset and streamer velocities during the various stages of the avalanche-to-plasma channel transition in several gases, e.g. N2, H2, A, CH4 as well as air, and some more mixtures of gases, in the pressure range 100 to 500 Torr. Quantitative results were obtained, and the influence of the discharge parameters upon streamer development is discussed. — The enhanced and accelerated streamer stage (II) was now observed in either direction; the significantly fast and steep ionization waves (stage III) were found to start at the cathode as well as at the anode on arrival of the respective streamers. Velocities up to 109 cm/sec were measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01326133
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nachweis polycyclischer aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe im Carcinomgewebe des Menschen (1970)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 57 (1970), S. 547-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625333
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gefährliche Stoffe in Bodenverbesserungsmitteln (1973)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 60 (1973), S. 160-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00594798
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blei, Cadmium und polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe im carcinomatösen Gewebe des Urogenitalsystems (1979)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 66 (1979), S. 371-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368484
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe in technisch hergestellten Komposten (1978)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 65 (1978), S. 491-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702844
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die toxischen Inhaltsstoffe der MikroalgeScenedesmus obliquus (1973)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 60 (1973), S. 109-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610423
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