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  • 1
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    Superconducting to spin-glass state transformation in β-pyrochlore K_{x} Os_{2} O_{6} (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-15
    Description: Author(s): C. C. Lee, W. L. Lee, J. -Y. Lin, C. C. Tsuei, J. G. Lin, and F. C. Chou β-pyrochore KOs_{2} O_{6} , which shows superconductivity below ~9.7 K, has been converted into K_{x} Os_{2} O_{6} (x≲2/3–1/2) electrochemically to show spin-glass-like behavior below ~6.1 K. A room-temperature sample surface potential versus charge transfer scan indicates that there are at lea... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 104503] Published Mon Mar 14, 2011
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Surface degradation of Li1–xNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathodes: Correlating charge transfer impedance with surface phase transformations (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-28
    Description: The pronounced capacity fade in Ni-rich layered oxide lithium ion battery cathodes observed when cycling above 4.1 V (versus Li/Li + ) is associated with a rise in impedance, which is thought to be due to either bulk structural fatigue or surface reactions with the electrolyte (or combination of both). Here, we examine the surface reactions at electrochemically stressed Li 1– x Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 binder-free powder electrodes with a combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, spatially resolving electron microscopy, and spatially averaging X-ray spectroscopy techniques. We circumvent issues associated with cycling by holding our electrodes at high states of charge (4.1 V, 4.5 V, and 4.75 V) for extended periods and correlate charge-transfer impedance rises observed at high voltages with surface modifications retained in the discharged state (2.7 V). The surface modifications involve significant cation migration (and disorder) along with Ni and Co reduction, and can occur even in the absence of significant Li 2 CO 3 and LiF. These data provide evidence that surface oxygen loss at the highest levels of Li + extraction is driving the rise in impedance.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Electron ionization dynamics of N_{2} and O_{2} molecules: Velocity-map imaging (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-10
    Description: Author(s): James N. Bull, Jason W. L. Lee, and Claire Vallance This paper reports a crossed-beam velocity-map imaging study into the electron ionization dynamics of jet-cooled N 2 and O 2 molecules at electron collision energies from 35 to 100 eV. The use of velocity-map imaging detection provides insight into the detailed ionization dynamics through the dimensio... [Phys. Rev. A 91, 022704] Published Mon Feb 09, 2015
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular collisions and interactions
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    The Impacts of Cloud Snow Radiative Effects on Pacific Ocean Surface Heat Fluxes, Surface Wind Stress, and Ocean Temperatures in Coupled GCM Simulations (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-20
    Description: An accurate representation of the climatology of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in global climate models (GCMs) has strong implications for the reliability of projected climate change inferred by these models. Our previous efforts have identified substantial biases of ocean surface wind stress that are fairly common in two generations of the CMIP models, relative to QuikSCAT climatology. One of the potential causes of the CMIP model biases is the missing representation of large frozen precipitating hydrometeors (i.e., cloud snow) in all CMIP3 and most CMIP5 models, which has not been investigated previously. We examine the impacts of cloud snow on the radiation and atmospheric circulation, air-sea fluxes, and explore the implications to common biases in CMIP models using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)-coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) to perform sensitivity experiments with and without cloud snow radiation effects. This study focuses on the impacts of cloud snow in CESM on ocean surface wind stress and air-sea heat fluxes, as well as their relationship with sea surface temperature (SST) and subsurface ocean temperatures in the Pacific sector. It is found that inclusion of the cloud snow parameterization in CESM reduces the surface wind stress and upper-ocean temperature (including SST) biases in the tropical and mid-latitude Pacific. The differences in upper-ocean temperature with and without the cloud snow parameterization are consistent with the effect of different strength of vertical mixing due to ocean surface wind stress differences, but cannot be explained by the differences in net air-sea heat fluxes.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Nonstoichiometric doping and Bi antisite defect in single crystal Bi_{2}Se_{3} (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-17
    Description: Author(s): F.-T. Huang, M.-W. Chu, H. H. Kung, W. L. Lee, R. Sankar, S.-C. Liou, K. K. Wu, Y. K. Kuo, and F. C. Chou We studied the defects of Bi 2 Se 3 generated from Bridgman growth of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric self-fluxes. Growth habit, lattice size, and transport properties are strongly affected by the types of defects generated. Major defect types of the Bi Se antisite and partial Bi 2 -layer intercalati... [Phys. Rev. B 86, 081104] Published Thu Aug 16, 2012
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Top Notch Design for Fiber-Loop Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (2011)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-30
    Description: Analytical Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/ac201775f
    Print ISSN: 0003-2700
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6882
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 7
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    Cloud-Precipitation-Radiation-Dynamics Interaction in Global Climate Models: A Snow and Radiation Interaction Sensitivity Experiment (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: Conventional global climate models (GCMs) often consider radiation interactions only with small-particle/suspended cloud mass, ignoring large-particle/falling and convective core cloud mass. We characterize the radiation and atmospheric circulation impacts of frozen precipitating hydrometeors (i.e., snow), using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)-coupled GCM, by conducting sensitivity experiments that turn off the radiation interaction with snow. The changes associated with the exclusion of precipitating hydrometeors exhibit a number differences consistent with biases in CMIP3 and CMIP5, including more outgoing longwave (LW) flux at the top of atmosphere (TOA) and downward shortwave (SW) flux at the surface in the heavily precipitating regions. Neglecting the radiation interaction of snow increases the net radiative cooling near the cloud top with the resulting increased instability triggering more convection in the heavily precipitating regions of the tropics. In addition, the increased differential vertical heating leads to a weakening of the low-level mean flow and an apparent low-level eastward advection from the warm pool resulting in moisture convergence south of the ITCZ and north of the SPCZ. This westerly bias, with effective warm and moist air transport, might be a contributing factor in the model's northeastward overextension of the SPCZ and the concomitant changes in sea surface temperatures, upward motion, and precipitation. Broader dynamical impacts include a stronger local meridional overturning circulation over the mid- and east Pacific, and commensurate changes in low- and upper-level winds, large-scale ascending motion, with a notable similarity to the systematic bias in this region in CMIP5 upper-level zonal winds.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Electronic phase diagram of Li_{x}CoO_{2} revisited with potentiostatically deintercalated single crystals (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-25
    Description: Author(s): T. Y. Ou-Yang, F.-T. Huang, G. J. Shu, W. L. Lee, M.-W. Chu, H. L. Liu, and F. C. Chou Electronic phase diagram of Li x CoO 2 has been reexamined using potentiostatically de-intercalated single-crystal samples. Stable phases of x ∼0.87 , 0.72, 0.53, 0.50, 0.43, and 0.33 were found and isolated for physical property studies. A-type and chain-type antiferromagnetic orderings have been sugges... [Phys. Rev. B 85, 035120] Published Tue Jan 24, 2012
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 9
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    Characterizing Tropical Pacific Water Vapor and Radiative Biases in CMIP5 GCMs: Observation-Based Analyses and a Snow and Radiation Interaction Sensitivity Experiment (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-23
    Description: Significant systematic biases in the moisture fields within the tropical Pacific trade wind regions are found in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3/CMIP5) against profile and and total column water vapor (TotWV) estimates from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and TotWV from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). Positive moisture biases occur in conjunction with significant biases of eastward low-level moisture convergence north of the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) and south of the Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) – the V-shaped regions. The excessive moisture there is associated with overestimates of reflected upward shortwave (RSUT), underestimates of outgoing longwave radiation (RLUT) at the top of atmosphere (TOA), and underestimates of downward shortwave flux at the surface (RSDS) compared to Clouds and the Earth's Energy System, Energy Balance and Filled (CERES-EBAF) data. We characterize the impacts of falling snow and its radiation interaction, which are not included in most CMIP5 models, on the moisture fields using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)-coupled global climate model (GCM). A number of differences in the model simulation without snow-radiation interactions are consistent with biases in the CMIP5 simulations. These include effective low-level eastward/southeastward wind and surface wind stress anomalies, and an increase in TotWV, vertical profile of moisture, and cloud amounts in the V-shaped region. The anomalous water vapor and cloud amount might be associated with the model increase of RSUT and decrease of RLUT at TOA and decreased RSDS in clear and all sky in these regions. These findings hint at the importance of water vapor-radiation interactions in the CMIPS/CMIP5 model simulations that exclude the radiative effect of snow.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    The AP-1 transcription factor Batf controls T(H)17 differentiation (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-07
    Description: Activator protein 1 (AP-1, also known as JUN) transcription factors are dimers of JUN, FOS, MAF and activating transcription factor (ATF) family proteins characterized by basic region and leucine zipper domains. Many AP-1 proteins contain defined transcriptional activation domains, but BATF and the closely related BATF3 (refs 2, 3) contain only a basic region and leucine zipper, and are considered to be inhibitors of AP-1 activity. Here we show that Batf is required for the differentiation of IL17-producing T helper (T(H)17) cells. T(H)17 cells comprise a CD4(+) T-cell subset that coordinates inflammatory responses in host defence but is pathogenic in autoimmunity. Batf(-/-) mice have normal T(H)1 and T(H)2 differentiation, but show a defect in T(H)17 differentiation, and are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Batf(-/-) T cells fail to induce known factors required for T(H)17 differentiation, such as RORgamma t (encoded by Rorc) and the cytokine IL21 (refs 14-17). Neither the addition of IL21 nor the overexpression of RORgamma t fully restores IL17 production in Batf(-/-) T cells. The Il17 promoter is BATF-responsive, and after T(H)17 differentiation, BATF binds conserved intergenic elements in the Il17a-Il17f locus and to the Il17, Il21 and Il22 (ref. 18) promoters. These results demonstrate that the AP-1 protein BATF has a critical role in T(H)17 differentiation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2716014/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2716014/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schraml, Barbara U -- Hildner, Kai -- Ise, Wataru -- Lee, Wan-Ling -- Smith, Whitney A-E -- Solomon, Ben -- Sahota, Gurmukh -- Sim, Julia -- Mukasa, Ryuta -- Cemerski, Saso -- Hatton, Robin D -- Stormo, Gary D -- Weaver, Casey T -- Russell, John H -- Murphy, Theresa L -- Murphy, Kenneth M -- AI035783/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR049293/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07200/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG00249/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000249/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000249-20/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008802/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008802-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):405-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08114. Epub 2009 Jul 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19578362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; *Cell Differentiation ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Interleukin-17/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Interleukins/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Lymph Nodes/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*cytology/*metabolism ; Transcription Factor AP-1/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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