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  • 1
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    Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-06
    Description: Injury causes a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that is clinically much like sepsis. Microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activate innate immunocytes through pattern recognition receptors. Similarly, cellular injury can release endogenous 'damage'-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that activate innate immunity. Mitochondria are evolutionary endosymbionts that were derived from bacteria and so might bear bacterial molecular motifs. Here we show that injury releases mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs) into the circulation with functionally important immune consequences. MTDs include formyl peptides and mitochondrial DNA. These activate human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) through formyl peptide receptor-1 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, respectively. MTDs promote PMN Ca(2+) flux and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, thus leading to PMN migration and degranulation in vitro and in vivo. Circulating MTDs can elicit neutrophil-mediated organ injury. Cellular disruption by trauma releases mitochondrial DAMPs with evolutionarily conserved similarities to bacterial PAMPs into the circulation. These signal through innate immune pathways identical to those activated in sepsis to create a sepsis-like state. The release of such mitochondrial 'enemies within' by cellular injury is a key link between trauma, inflammation and SIRS.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2843437/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2843437/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Qin -- Raoof, Mustafa -- Chen, Yu -- Sumi, Yuka -- Sursal, Tolga -- Junger, Wolfgang -- Brohi, Karim -- Itagaki, Kiyoshi -- Hauser, Carl J -- R01 GM059179/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059179-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059179-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 4;464(7285):104-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08780.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Lung Injury/immunology/pathology ; Animals ; Calcium Signaling ; Cells, Cultured ; CpG Islands/immunology ; DNA, Mitochondrial/blood/immunology ; Femur/injuries ; Fractures, Bone/immunology/pathology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Liver/immunology/injuries/pathology ; Male ; Mitochondria/*immunology/*secretion ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/immunology/pathology ; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine/immunology/metabolism ; Neutrophils/enzymology/immunology/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Formyl Peptide/metabolism ; Sepsis/immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Systemic Inflammatory Response ; Syndrome/blood/*complications/*immunology/pathology ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/metabolism ; Wounds and Injuries/blood/*complications/*immunology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Purinergic regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-09
    Print ISSN: 1420-682X
    Electronic ISSN: 1420-9071
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drift compensation and its sensory basis in waterstriders (Gerris paludum F.) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 167 (1990), S. 441-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Visual behaviour ; Position control ; Retinal image processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Watestriders (Gerris paludum F.), displaced by flowing water or wind, compensate for this by periodic jumps against the direction of drift so that they keep their average position — relative to the river bank, for instance — constant over long periods of time. To identify the cues used by the animals to compensate for drift, they were kept on an artificial stream with visual patterns along one or both sides. The velocity of the water flow and the pattern motion were varied. It is not possible to induce compensatory jumps in darkness by water or air current alone. Visual cues are indispensable for the reaction. The product of jump amplitude and jump frequency equals the drift velocity on average. The jump amplitudes are more or less independent of the flow velocity while the jump frequency is adjusted to it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192580
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Waterstriders (Gerris paludum F.) compensate for drift with a discontinuously working visual position servo (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1991), S. 633-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Visual behavior ; Landmark orientation ; Discontinuous position control ; Endogenous rhythm generator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Waterstriders on ponds and creeks compensate for displacement caused by wind or water current with periodical jumps against the direction of drift. This behavior is mediated by visual stimuli. 1. Waterstriders are able to detect the direction and extent of their displacement on an artificial canal when visual cues are reduced to a single point-like light source above the upstream end of the canal. They adjust the frequency and direction of the compensatory jumps to keep their mean position on the canal constant. The mean amplitude of the jumps is constant and independent of the stream velocity. 2. During drift compensation the light spot is kept in the frontal visual field at a fixed angle of elevation. This set angle differs among individuals and can be changed with time. 3. The station-keeping ability can hardly be explained by a velocity servo system since there is no accumulating position error. The average compensatory movements are governed by a discontinuously working position servo. 4. When the light spot is switched off, a few jumps are still performed. Jumps, therefore, are not triggered individually by visual cues. Waterstriders must possess an endogenous jump-generator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193553
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to self-motion in waterstriders: visual discrimination between rotation and translation (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1991), S. 641-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Self-motion ; Waterstrider ; Flow field ; Rotation ; Translation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Waterstriders (Gerris paludum) often try to maintain a nearly stationary position on a moving water surface. Passive motion is restricted to 3 degrees of freedom: yaw, longitudinal, and transverse displacement. They correct for passive rotation and translation by distinct behavioral sequences. The compensatory behavior is predominantly visually controlled. 1. When waterstriders are rotated and translated simultaneously, they are able to discriminate their own rotation and translation visually. 2. They discriminate their rotation from their translation even if the visible pattern is restricted to a monocular visual field. 3. They detect rotation only if they see an extended pattern. The restriction of degreess of freedom reduces the complexity of the motion-induced visual flow field. Each motion component induces its own flow field component. We propose that those areas of the visual field are preferred for analysis where the directions of the 3 flow field components differ most. These areas (Figs. 2 and 3) have their largest extent at 45° above the horizon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193554
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