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  • 1
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    Why and how is the self related to the brain midline regions? (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: What the self is and where it comes from has been one of the great problems of philosophy for thousands of years. As science and medicine have progressed this question has moved to also become a central one in psychology, psychiatry, and neuroscience. The advent of in vivo brain imaging has now allowed the scientific investigation of the self to progress further than ever. Many such imaging studies have indicated that brain structures along the cortical midline are particularly closely related to self-specific processing. This association between cortical midline structures (CMS) and self is reinforced by the involvement of these regions in other self-oriented processes, such as mind-wandering or stimulus valuation. Those midline regions involved in self- processing also overlap with another network, the default mode network, which shows high brain activity during the so-called resting state, indicating that there may be a special relationship between self-processing and intrinsic activity. Although such promising groundwork linking the self and CMS has been carried out, many questions remain. These include: what features of the midline regions lead to their apparent importance in self-processing? How can we appropriately account for confounding factors such as familiarity or task-effects in our experiments? How is the self-related to other features of the mind, such as consciousness? How is our methodology influencing our attempts to link the self and the brain? The purpose of this ebook is to address some of these questions, including opinions, perspectives, and hypotheses about the concept of the self, the relationship between CMS and the self, and the specific function of these brain regions in self-processing. It also includes original research papers describing EEG, fMRI, and behavioral experiments investigating different aspects of the self.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; disorders of consciousness ; Decision Making ; fMRI ; resting state ; cortical midline ; mirror neuron ; Mental Disorders ; EEG ; self ; Default mode ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Should Firms Maximise Profits? (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 2 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1982.tb00416.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Denationalisation: A Receding Target? (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Economic affairs 1 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0270
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1981.tb00933.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
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    The formation of bulges, discs and two-component galaxies in the CANDELS Survey at z 〈 3 (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-15
    Description: We examine a sample of 1495 galaxies in the CANDELS fields to determine the evolution of two-component galaxies, including bulges and discs, within massive galaxies at the epoch 1 〈  z  〈 3 when the Hubble sequence forms. We fit all of our galaxies’ light profiles with a single Sérsic fit, as well as with a combination of exponential and Sérsic profiles. The latter is done in order to describe a galaxy with an inner and an outer component, or bulge and disc component. We develop and use three classification methods (visual, F -test and the residual flux fraction) to separate our sample into one-component galaxies (disc/spheroids-like galaxies) and two-component galaxies (galaxies formed by an ‘inner part’ or bulge and an ‘outer part’ or disc). We then compare the results from using these three different ways to classify our galaxies. We find that the fraction of galaxies selected as two-component galaxies increases on average 50 per cent from the lowest mass bin to the most massive galaxies, and decreases with redshift by a factor of 4 from z  = 1 to 3. We find that single Sérsic ‘disc-like’ galaxies have the highest relative number densities at all redshifts, and that two-component galaxies have the greatest increase and become at par with Sérsic discs by z  = 1. We also find that the systems we classify as two-component galaxies have an increase in the sizes of their outer components, or ‘discs’, by about a factor of 3 from z  = 3 to 1.5, while the inner components or ‘bulges’ stay roughly the same size. This suggests that these systems are growing from the inside out, whilst the bulges or protobulges are in place early in the history of these galaxies. This is also seen to a lesser degree in the growth of single ‘disc-like’ galaxies versus ‘spheroid-like’ galaxies over the same epoch.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Ferrimagnetism in Fe-rich NbFe_{2} (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: Author(s): T. D. Haynes, I. Maskery, M. W. Butchers, J. A. Duffy, J. W. Taylor, S. R. Giblin, C. Utfeld, J. Laverock, S. B. Dugdale, Y. Sakurai, M. Itou, C. Pfleiderer, M. Hirschberger, A. Neubauer, W. Duncan, and F. M. Grosche We report a study of the spin moment in single crystal Nb (1− y ) Fe (2+ y ) with y =0.015 using spin-dependent Compton scattering in conjunction with ab initio electronic structure calculations. From the experiment, we find that the total spin moment is 0.245±0.004 μ B . Comparison of the measured spin densit... [Phys. Rev. B 85, 115137] Published Fri Mar 30, 2012
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    The quantitative advantages of using B-field sensors in time-domain EM measurement for mineral exploration and unexploded ordnance search (2012)
    Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-01
    Description: The use of simple models for decay of conductive targets under conductive overburden and for the decay of magnetically permeable conductive steel objects allows quantitative consideration of the advantages of the use of magnetic-field detectors in time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) measurements, or more generally, the advantage of step response over impulse response TEM systems. We identified eight advantages of the step response versus impulse-response systems. The first two advantages relate to the inductive limit (early time) decay behavior, in which a target response amplitude is largely dependent on geometrical rather than conductivity parameters. Five further advantages occur when measuring response of a target in a conductive host or under conductive overburden; the maximum target-to-overburden response occurs 25%–30% earlier in time, the earliest target detection time occurs a factor 2–4 earlier, and the amplitude advantage of target-to-overburden response is a factor in the range of 1–10 for the step versus impulse-response systems, respectively. These advantages agree quantitatively with field observations on a chalcopyrite orebody under conductive cover. We used a model response for a conductive permeable sphere to derive mathematically consistent approximations for the power-law and exponential decay behaviors for step and impulse responses of metal objects, from which the onset of late-time exponential decay of EM responses of unexploded ordnance occurs about a factor of two earlier in time for the step response. This earlier-time transition together with the higher signal-to-noise ratio available from the step-response measurement makes measurement of the fundamental time-constant of unexploded ordnance (UXO) possible for medium and large UXO where the time constant is in the range of tens of milliseconds. This time-constant thus becomes accessible as an additional parameter for UXO characterization and discrimination.
    Print ISSN: 0016-8033
    Electronic ISSN: 1942-2156
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
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  • 7
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    Obituary: James Black (1924-2010) (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ganellin, Robin -- Duncan, William -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1292. doi: 10.1038/4641292a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20428161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Drug Industry/history ; History, 20th Century ; Nobel Prize ; Pharmacology/*history ; Scotland
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    The ploidy conveyor of mature hepatocytes as a source of genetic variation (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-24
    Description: Mononucleated and binucleated polyploid hepatocytes (4n, 8n, 16n and higher) are found in all mammalian species, but the functional significance of this conserved phenomenon remains unknown. Polyploidization occurs through failed cytokinesis, begins at weaning in rodents and increases with age. Previously, we demonstrated that the opposite event, ploidy reversal, also occurs in polyploid hepatocytes generated by artificial cell fusion. This raised the possibility that somatic 'reductive mitoses' can also happen in normal hepatocytes. Here we show that multipolar mitotic spindles form frequently in mouse polyploid hepatocytes and can result in one-step ploidy reversal to generate offspring with halved chromosome content. Proliferating hepatocytes produce a highly diverse population of daughter cells with multiple numerical chromosome imbalances as well as uniparental origins. Our findings support a dynamic model of hepatocyte polyploidization, ploidy reversal and aneuploidy, a phenomenon that we term the 'ploidy conveyor'. We propose that this mechanism evolved to generate genetic diversity and permits adaptation of hepatocytes to xenobiotic or nutritional injury.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2967727/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2967727/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duncan, Andrew W -- Taylor, Matthew H -- Hickey, Raymond D -- Hanlon Newell, Amy E -- Lenzi, Michelle L -- Olson, Susan B -- Finegold, Milton J -- Grompe, Markus -- DK56338/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 DK076232-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32DK076232/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK067636/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK067636-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK067636/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- S10-RR023432/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 7;467(7316):707-10. doi: 10.1038/nature09414. Epub 2010 Sep 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oregon Stem Cell Center, Pape Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA. duncanan@ohsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20861837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Chromosome Segregation ; Flow Cytometry ; *Genetic Variation ; Hepatocytes/*cytology/*metabolism ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Mice ; Mitosis ; *Models, Genetic ; *Polyploidy ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Debating the cause of a neurological disorder (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duncan, Mark W -- Marini, Ann M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1737.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids, Diamino/*analysis/*toxicity ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*etiology ; Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; *Chiroptera/metabolism ; Cycadophyta/chemistry ; Diet ; Guam ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/*etiology ; Neurotoxins/analysis/toxicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Self-bound droplets of light with orbital angular momentum (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-22
    Description: Author(s): Niclas Westerberg, Kali E. Wilson, Callum W. Duncan, Daniele Faccio, Ewan M. Wright, Patrik Öhberg, and Manuel Valiente Systems with competing attractive and repulsive interactions have a tendency to condense into droplets. This is the case for water in a sink, liquid helium, and dipolar atomic gases. Here we consider a photon fluid which is formed in the transverse plane of a monochromatic laser beam propagating in ... [Phys. Rev. A 98, 053835] Published Wed Nov 21, 2018
    Keywords: Quantum optics, physics of lasers, nonlinear optics, classical optics
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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