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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Billings, W D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 30;206(4422):1068.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17787480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 8 (1957), S. 375-392 
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Intact cores from the wet coastal arctic tundra at Barrow, Alaska, were used as microcosms in the measurement of CO2 fluxes between peat, vegetation, and atmosphere under controlled conditions. Net ecosystem CO2 uptake was almost twice as high at present summer temperatures (4° C) than at 8°. Lowering the water table from the soil surface to -5 cm also had a pronounced effect in decreasing net ecosystem carbon storage. Warming of the tundra climate could change this ecosystem from a sink for atmospheric CO2 to a source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 28 (1977), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Effects of soil temperature and daylength on root elongation of Carex aquatilis, Dupontia fischeri, and Eriophorum angustifolium were studied under both field and phytotron conditions. Late season decrease in root elongation rate and cessation of root elongation in Dupontia and Eriophorum are shown to be controlled by decreasing daylength. During the growing season, low temperature is not a direct factor in limiting root growth in any of the three species despite the presence of permafrost and low soil temperatures in the shallow thawed soil layer. In the phytotron, temperature-dependence of root elongation is related to experimental conditions characterized by continuous light. Plants of all three species are capable of root growth at near-freezing temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 50 (1981), S. 325-331 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the alpine zones of western North American mountains, topographic-moisture gradients are the results of winter winds blowing snow from the upper windward slopes and ridgetops into snowdrifts on the lee slopes. Wet meadows at the foot of the lee slope are the result of summer snowmelt. Such gradients are repeated many times in a single mountain range. They are useful units for studies of the effects of drought and water use on patterning of alpine vegetation. The research was done through an entire growing season along a topographic gradient at 3,300 m in the Medicine Bow Mountains, Wyoming. Plant water potentials were measured on 29 species (pre-dawn to sunset) at weekly intervals. Simultaneously, leaf conductances were measured on 16 species of these; the remainder had leaves too small for the porometer. Leaf water potentials were generally lowest on the ridgetop and highest in the wet meadow. Highest mean leaf conductances were in the wet meadow plants; the lowest occurred on plants on the upper windward slope. None of the plants on the ridgetop had leaves large enough for the porometer. Plants of most species at all sites but the wet meadow showed sharply reduced leaf conductance or leaf death at plant water potentials below-1.5 MPa. Deep-rooted species such as Trifolium parryi showed maximal conductance at water potentials as low as-1.7 MPa and little reduction in conductance even at lower water potentials. Plant water potentials and leaf conductances showed close relationships with rooting depth, length of dry periods, and position on the gradient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Natural cores of vegetation and soils of arctic tundra were collected in frozen condition in winter near Barrow, Alaska (71°20′N). These cores were used as microcosms in a phytotron experiment to measure the interactions, if any, between increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and fertilization by ammonium nitrate on net ecosystem CO2 exchange and net yield of tundra vegetation. Increased soil N significantly enhanced net ecosystem CO2 uptake. The effect of increased CO2 concentration had little or no effect on mean net ecosystem carbon balance of the tundra microcosms. Added N significantly increased leaf area and phytomass of vascular plants in the microcosms while increased atmospheric CO2 had no effect on these parameters. We conclude that atmospheric CO2 is not now limiting net ecosystem production in the tundra and that its direct effects will be slight even at double the present concentration. the most probable effects of carbon dioxide in the coastal tundra will be through its indirect effects on temperature, water table, peat decomposition, and the availability of soil nutrients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Artemisia tridentata ; Bromus tectorum ; Pinus jeffreyi ; Pinus monophylla ; Pinus ponderosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Soils derived from hydrothermally altered andesite support unique communities of Sierran conifers (Pinus ponderosa Laws. and P. jeffreyi Grev. and Balf.) amongst sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) vegetation in the western Great Basin. Plants grown in soil derived from hydrothermally altered bedrock had lower growth rates, total biomass, and net photosynthetic rates than plants grown in soil derived from unaltered andesite of the same formation. Total dry mass was 10 to 28% lower for conifers grown in altered soil whereas dry mass of Artemisia tridentata and Bromus tectorum L. was reduced by over 90%. Results from a nutrient amendment experiment indicated that low phosphorus was the dominant limitation in altered soil, and phosphorus-deficiency affected growth primarily by limiting leaf area development rather than direct inhibition of photosynthesis. The proportionately greater reduction of biomass for Artemisia and Bromus grown in altered soil supports our hypothesis that Great Basin vegetation is excluded from altered soil by intolerance to nutrient deficiency. The Sierran conifers growing on this rock type are therefore free of competition for water with Great Basin vegetation and are able to persist in an exceptionally dry climate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cores of wet coastal tundra collected in frozen condition in winter were used as microcosms in a phytotron experiment that assessed the effects of doubling the present atmospheric CO2 concentration, increasing temperature, and depressed water table on net ecosystem CO2 exchange. Doubling atmospheric CO2 had less significance in regard to net carbon capture or loss in this ecosystem as compared to the significant effects of increased temperature and lowered water table level. Both of the latter are to be expected as atmospheric CO2 increases in the Arctic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 19 (1969), S. 192-207 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In den zentralen Rocky Mountains zeigen flache Gebiete oder sanfte Hänge gerade unterhalb der klimatischen Baumgrenze eine Pflanzendecke, die aus Streifenwald “ribbon forests” und Schnee-Lichtungen besteht, die quer auf die vorherrschende Windrichtung stehen. Dieses Muster wird dadurch verursacht, daß der Schnee durch den Wind von den offenen Stellen weggeweht, und etwa 60–100 m vom Wald gegen den Wind wieder deponiert wird. Diese Schneehaufen bleiben im Sommer zu lange erhalten, um Baumwuchs zu erlauben. Deshalb entsteht dort eine nasse oder feuchte Alpenwiese, die den Wald in Streifen zerbricht. Diese Streifenwald-Schnee-Lichtung Vegetation kann man dort erwarten, wo unterhalb der klimatischen Baumgrenze Plateaux oder sanfte Neigungen starkem Schneefall, heftigen Winterwinden und kühlen Sommern ausgesetzt sind. Durch Feuer oder Schlag wird dieser Waldtyp in Alpine oder Subalpine Wiese umgewandelt.
    Notes: Conclusions In the central Rocky Mountains, flat areas or gentle slopes just below climatic timberline exhibit a vegetational pattern consisting of ribbon forests and snow glades lying across the path of the prevailing winds. The pattern is the result of removal of snow by wind from the open areas and its deposit in a great drift about 60 to 100 m in from the windward edge of the forest. This drift remains too long during the summer for tree growth. Consequently, the vegetation in the drift area is a wet or moist subalpine meadow occupying the snow glade and, in effect, breaking the forest into ribbon-like patches. The source area for the snow may be natural climax tundra, tundra which has replaced burned subalpine forest, or subalpine meadow of edaphic origin. The ribbon-forest and snow-glade pattern can be expected just below climatic timberline wherever plateaus or gentle slopes are exposed to heavy snowfall, strong winter winds, and cool summers. Destruction of such ribbon forests by fire or cutting will result in new snowdrift patterns and the long-lasting replacement of the forest by alpine or subalpine meadow vegetation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1971-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0004-0851
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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