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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 17 (1984), S. 611-614 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 5 (1981), S. 569-576 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Solution properties of styrene/di-n-butyl itaconate (SDBI), styrene/di-n-hexyl (SDHI) and styrene/di-n-octyl itaconate (SDOI) copolymers from the entire range of copolymer compositions were investigated on series of fractions of uniform composition. Kuhn-Mark-Houwink-Sakurada (KMHS) constants were extrapolated to K⊖ and all results combined with those of styrene/dimethyl itaconate (SDMI) from a previous publication. The σ-parameters describing short range interactions deviate increasingly from the linear summation of parent homopolymer contributions.The excess unperturbed dimensions are correlated with parent homopolymer solubility parameters and discussed in terms of hetero-contacts in the copolymer chain.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 32 (1994), S. 169-172 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Poly(itaconic acid) (PIA) was obtained indirectly, by the hydrolysis of PIA esters and directly by the polymerization of itaconic acid in water or methanol at 30°C. The first method was not satisfactory but the second gave better results. The elemental composition of the synthetized samples deviated very little from the calculated values. Several crude polymers were fractionated in methanol/isopropanol and the fractions characterized by viscosity and light scattering. The statistically calculated LVN/MW relation, valid for the undissociated polymer, was treated according to the method of Stockmayer and Kurata, to calculate the unperturbed dimensions and to compare them with those of other polymers.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 193 (1992), S. 2123-2135 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Complex dynamic viscosities η* of poly(dibutyl itaconate) melts were determined for nonuniform polymers with viscosity-average molecular weights varying from 8000 to 327000 in the temperature range from 323 to 463 K and the frequency range from 0,1 to 100 rad/s. By applying the time and temperature superposition principle, master curves for the selected reference temperature T0 = 383 K were obtained, permitting the estimation of the Newtonian viscosity in terms of molecular weights. The temperature dependence of viscous flow was analysed by verification of the linearity of the aT shift factor, interpreted via the Williams-Landel-Ferry equation. Deviations from linearity were observed only for very low molecular weights M and at the highest temperatures. The activation energy of viscous flow was calculated by applying the concept of absolute reaction rates and the concept of free volume. Good agreement was observed. The linearized η* vs. M dependence changes slope at a critical molar mass Mc = 69000 with exponents of M α = 1,05 below and β = 2,92 above the Mc value in the function η* = f(M). The rheological properties of poly(dibutyl itaconate) are discussed in terms of substituent size and compared to those of other related vinyl polymers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 2031-2038 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of radical polymerization of tolyl methacrylates, initiated with 2,2′-azodiisobutyronitrile and dibenzoyl peroxide were studied using dilatometric and gravimetric techniques. The initial rates of polymerization depend on the position of the methyl subsitution in the aromatic ring. With both initiators the initial rates of polymerization in the range within 50 and 70°C increase in the order: ortho 〈 meta 〈 para substitution. The overall rate constants and activation energies were determined. The different rates observed are discussed in terms of steric effects, monomer constitution, and other factors which might affect the reactivity of the radical propagation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 569-578 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The diesters of itaconic acid (methylenesuccinic acid) with higher C12 - C20 unbranched, saturated, aliphatic alcohols were prepared, purified, and polymerized in bulk or in solution with 2,2′-azoisobutyronitrile as initiator. The transparent to waxy polymers obtained were fractionated and all fractions characterized by viscosity and light scattering measurements. The Kuhn-Mark-Houwink-Sakurada relations were established and then extrapolated to thetaconditions, in order to calculate the unperturbed dimensions. High values of the steric factor σ, and the characteristic ratio C∞ were obtained. The results correlate well with those obtained previously for poly(di-n-alkyl itaconate)s from the corresponding lower C1 - C11 alcohols.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1984), S. 1637-1646 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of free radical polymerization in bulk of alkylphenyl methacrylates with ethyl-,isopropyl and tert-butyl groups in the ortho- and para-positions of the phenyl ring with dilauroyl peroxide as initiator were investigated. For comparison and completion of the investigation, ortho- and para-tolyl methacrylates were reinvestigated with this particular initiator. Most of the results obtained do not obey classical kinetics of polymerization. The results were treated according to the concept of degradative chain transfer and it was concluded that this mechanism is responsible for the non-ideality. The ortho-substitution with increasing size of the substituents decreases the overall rate of polymerization and strengthens chain transfer to monomer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 45-50 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: free radical polymerization ; dimethylphenyl methacrylates ; kinetics ; dilatometry ; dipoles interaction ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of free radical polymerization of all six existing isomeric dimethylphenyl methacrylates were studied in bulk at 60°C, initiated by dilauroyl peroxide, using dilatometry. The different polymerization rates observed, resulting from the different monomer structures, are discussed in terms of steric and other effects, considering also the previous results for tolyl methacrylates. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: KUHN-MARK-HOUWINK-SAKURADA-Gleichungen wurden für Poly-(dimethyl-, diäthyl-, di-n-propyl-, di-n-butyl-, di-n-hexyl-, di-n-octyl-, di-n-decyl- und di-n-undecylitaconat) in Toluol bei 25°C bestimmt. Die von den niederen zu den höheren Gliedern der Polymerenreihe von 0,80 bis 0,61 abnehmenden Werte des Exponenten a geben das abnehmende Lösungsvermögen von Toluol wieder. Die beobachteten hohen Molekulargewichte der Polymeren stehen im Widerspruch zu der früher vermuteten starken Kettenübertragung durch das Monomere bei der radikalischen Polymerisation. Die Größe der nach der KURATA-STOCKMAYERschen Extrapolationsmethode bestimmten σ-Parameter im Bereich von 1,98 bis 3,50 steht im Zusammenhang mit der stark zunehmenden sterischen Hinderung der freien Drehbarkeit für diese polymerhomologe Reihe.
    Notes: KUHN-MARK-HOUWINK-SAKURADA relations for poly(dimethyl-, diethyl-, di-n-propyl-, di-n-butyl-, di-n-hexyl-, di-n-octyl-, di-n-decyl-, and di-n-undecyl itaconate) were established in toluene at 25°C. The decreasing exponent a from 0.80 to 0.61, in going from lower to higher members of the series, reflects the decreasing solvent power of toluene. Observed high molecular weights of the polymers are in disagreement with formerly assumed strong chain transfer to monomer in the propagation step. σ-parameters, evaluated according to the KURATA-STOCKMAYER extrapolation procedure, within limits of 1.98 and 3.50, indicate strong and progressively increasing steric hindrance to free rotation in this polymer homologueous series.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 57 (1977), S. 139-152 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Lösungsparameter der zehn ersten Glieder der homologen Reihe von Poly(di-n-alkylitakonaten) wurden aus den Grenzviskositätszahlen in verschiedenen organischen Lösungsmitteln von unterschiedlichem Aufbau, Polarität und Vermögen zur Wasserstoffbrückenbindung bestimmt. Numerische Werte von 9,58 bis 8,10 (cal/cm3)1/2 wurden unabhängig voneinander aus Kohlenwasserstoffen und sauerstoffenthaltenden Lösungsmitteln ermittelt, in Übereinstimmung mit Lösungsparametern, errechnet aus den molaren Anziehungskonstanten und den Dichten der Polymeren. Die Ergebnisse sind die Folge des Zuwachses des paraffinischen Charakters der Reihe und können leicht mit den aus der Literatur bekannten Lösungsparametern für die aufbauartig verwandten Poly(alkylacrylate) und Poly(alkylmethacrylate) in Verbindung gebracht werden.
    Notes: The solubility parameters of the first ten members of the homologous series of poly(di-n-alkyl itaconates) were determined from limiting viscosity numbers in various organic solvents, differing in structure, polarity and hydrogen bonding capacity. Numerical values from 9.58 to 8.10 (cal/cm3)1/2 were obtained independently from measurements in hydrocarbon and oxygen containing solvents, close to solubility parameters calculated from polymer densities and molar attraction constants. The values obtained reflects the increasing paraffinic character within the series and can be correlated to solubility parameters published in the literature for structurally similar poly(alkyl acrylates) and poly(alkyl methacrylates).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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