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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular evidence for an Andean origin and a secondary gene pool for the Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) using chloroplast DNA (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 202-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Intergenic regions ; Molecular markers ; Plant genetic resources ; Phylogeny ; Mesoamerica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) diversity has been examined using PCR-RFLP and RFLP strategies for phylogenetic studies in the genus Phaseolus. Twenty-two species, including 4 of the 5 cultivated species (P. lunatus L., the Lima bean; P. vulgaris L., the common bean; P. coccineus L., the runner bean and P. polyanthus Greenman, the year-bean), represented by 86 accessions were included in the study. Six PCR primers designed from cpDNA and a total cpDNA probe were used for generating markers. Phylogenetic reconstruction using both Wagner parsimony and the neighbor-joining method was applied to the restriction fragment data obtained from each of the molecular approaches. P. vulgaris L. was shown to separate with several species of largely Mesoamerican distribution, including P. coccineus L. and P. polyanthus Greenman, whereas P. lunatus L. forms a complex with 3 Andean species (P. pachyrrhizoides Harms, P. augusti Harms and P. bolivianus Piper) co-evolving with a set of companion species with a Mesoamerican distribution. Andean forms of the Lima bean are found to be more closely related to the 3 Andean wild species than its Mesoamerican forms. An Andean origin of the Lima bean and a double derivative process during the evolution of P. lunatus are suggested. The 3 Andean species are proposed to constitute the secondary gene pool of P. lunatus, while its companion allies of Mesoamerican distribution can be considered as members of its tertiary gene pool. On the basis of these data, an overview on the evolution of the genus Phaseolus is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051059
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing population genetic structure of sorghum landraces from North-western Morocco using allozyme and microsatellite markers (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Allozymes ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic resources ; Microsatellites ; Sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The level of genetic diversity and the population genetic structure of sorghum landraces from North-western Morocco have been investigated based on direct field-sampling using both allozyme and microsatellite markers. As expected, microsatellite markers showed a much higher degree of polymorphism than allozymes, but relative measures of genetic structure such as Wright’s inbreeding coefficient F IS and Nei’s coefficient of genetic differentiation G ST were similar for the two sets of markers. Substantial inbreeding was found to occur within fields, which confirms that sorghum is predominantly selfing under cultivation. Most of the genetic diversity in Moroccan landraces occurs within fields (more than 85%), as opposed to among fields or among regions, a result which contrasts to those of studies based on accessions from germplasm collections. It is suggested that individual fields of sorghum constitute valuable units of conservation in the context of in situ conservation practices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051220
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of genetic diversity within and among germplasm accessions in cultivated sorghum using microsatellite markers (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 918-925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Core collection ; Genetic diversity ; Germplasm ; Microsatellites ; Sorghum ; SSR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Microsatellite markers are increasingly being used in crop plants to discriminate among genotypes and as tools in marker-assisted selection. Here we evaluated the use of microsatellite markers to quantify the genetic diversity within as well as among accessions sampled from the world germplasm collection of sorghum. Considerable variation was found at the five microsatellite loci analysed, with an average number of alleles per locus equal to 2.4 within accessions and 19.2 in the overall sample of 25 accessions. The collection of sorghum appeared highly structured genetically with about 70% of the total genetic diversity occurring among accessions. However, differentiation among morphologically defined races of sorghum, or among geographic origins, accounted for less than 15% of the total genetic diversity. Our results are in global agreement with those obtained previously with allozyme markers. We were also able to show that microsatellite data are useful in identifying individual accessions with a high relative contribution to the overall allelic diversity of the collection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051371
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of morphological and allozyme variation in sorghum landraces of Northwestern Morocco (1998)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 45 (1998), S. 541-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: allozymes ; conservation of genetic resources ; genetic markers ; germplasm bank ; landraces ; Morocco ; sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Patterns of variation in inflorescence and spikelet morphology and in allozyme markers were studied within and among six fields of sorghum sampled from different areas in Northwestern Morocco. Substantial variation for both types of markers is found within fields. Significant differentiation among fields occurs for both types of traits, with 63% of morphological variation and 20% of allozyme variation expressed among fields. Discrepancies between allozyme studies based on germplasm accessions conserved ex situ and this and other studies involving in situ sampling underline the need to use appropriate sampling schemes for assessing the patterns of genetic variation of local landraces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008629717825
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity in Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) as revealed by RAPD markers (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 95 (1997), S. 157-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: andean ; cultigroups ; genetic variability ; Lima bean ; mesoamerican ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The genetic variability of 46 accessions of the Lima bean (P. lunatus L.) including 16 wild forms and 30 landraces belonging to the three cultigroups Big lima, Sieva, Potato, and their intermediates, was evaluated using RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers. Twelve oligonucleotide primers produced 172 RAPD markers which allowed the differentiation of two main groups: the mesoamerican and the andean groups. This was confirmed by an AMOVA analysis which indicated that 37.7% of the variation was found between these two groups. For each botanical form (wild and cultivated), the molecular markers showed that small-seeded types (i.e. Sieva and Potato types and their related wild forms) had a wide distribution (from Mexico to Argentina) while the large-seeded types (Big lima type and its related wild forms) were circumscribed to the narrow west-coastal region from Ecuador to Bolivia. The results are in favour of an independent domestication process within the two groups, as the differentiation between mesoamerican and andean accessions was found to occur in both wild forms and landraces. Within each of the two main groups, wild forms and landraces were also found to be genetically differentiated and higher genetic diversity was observed among landraces than among wild forms. Within the mesoamerican landraces, low but significant differentiation between the Sieva and Potato cultigroups was observed. Some suggestions and hypotheses are discussed about evolution of the two small-seeded types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002910114869
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic study on wild allies of Lima bean,Phaseolus lunatus (Fabaceae), and implications on its origin (1999)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 218 (1999), S. 43-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Fabaceae ; Phaseolus ; Phaseolus lunatus ; Taxonomy ; germplasm ; evolution ; origin ; allozyme ; Latin America
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An investigation was made of the phylogenetic relationships among wild accessions of Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and wild allies of Mesoamerican and Andean origins, using electrophoresis of seed storage proteins and isozymes. Mesoamerican wild species are phylogenetically more distant fromP. lunatus than Andean species, and apparently belong to the tertiary gene pool of Lima bean. The Andean wild species, which are investigated for the first time, reveal a high similarity to the Lima bean, and particularly with its Mesoamerican gene pool. These Andean species probably constitute a secondary gene pool of Lima bean, and are thus of considerable interest in the context of genetic improvement of the crop. Based on these observations, an Andean origin is suggested for the Andean wild species and forP. lunatus. These results point out the importance of collecting and conserving AndeanPhaseolus germplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01087033
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  • 7
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    The signature of balancing selection: Fungal mating compatibility gene evolution (1999)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-03
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 8
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    Recent and Ancient Signature of Balancing Selection around the S-Locus in Arabidopsis halleri and A. lyrata (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: Balancing selection can maintain different alleles over long evolutionary times. Beyond this direct effect on the molecular targets of selection, balancing selection is also expected to increase neutral polymorphism in linked genome regions, in inverse proportion to their genetic map distances from the selected sites. The genes controlling plant self-incompatibility are subject to one of the strongest forms of balancing selection, and they show clear signatures of balancing selection. The genome region containing those genes (the S-locus) is generally described as nonrecombining, and the physical size of the region with low recombination has recently been established in a few species. However, the size of the region showing the indirect footprints of selection due to linkage to the S-locus is only roughly known. Here, we improved estimates of this region by surveying synonymous polymorphism and estimating recombination rates at 12 flanking region loci at known physical distances from the S-locus region boundary, in two closely related self-incompatible plants Arabidopsis halleri and A. lyrata . In addition to studying more loci than previous studies and using known physical distances, we simulated an explicit demographic scenario for the divergence between the two species, to evaluate the extent of the genomic region whose diversity departs significantly from neutral expectations. At the closest flanking loci, we detected signatures of both recent and ancient indirect effects of selection on the S-locus flanking genes, finding ancestral polymorphisms shared by both species, as well as an excess of derived mutations private to either species. However, these effects are detected only in a physically small region, suggesting that recombination in the flanking regions is sufficient to quickly break up linkage disequilibrium with the S-locus. Our approach may be useful for distinguishing cases of ancient versus recently evolved balancing selection in other systems.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Self-Incompatibility in Brassicaceae: Identification and Characterization of SRK-Like Sequences Linked to the S-Locus in the Tribe Biscutelleae (2014)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-18
    Description: Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic system that prevents self-fertilization in many Angiosperms. Although plants from the Brassicaceae family present an apparently unique SI system that is ancestral to the family, investigations at the S -locus responsible for SI have been mostly limited to two distinct lineages (Brassica and Arabidopsis-Capsella, respectively). Here, we investigated SI in a third deep-branching lineage of Brassicaceae: the tribe Biscutelleae. By coupling sequencing of the SI gene responsible for pollen recognition ( SRK ) with phenotypic analyses based on controlled pollinations, we identified 20 SRK -like sequences functionally linked to 13 S -haplotypes in 21 individuals of Biscutella neustriaca and 220 seedlings. We found two genetic and phylogenetic features of SI in Biscutelleae that depart from patterns observed in the reference Arabidopsis clade: (1) SRK -like sequences cluster into two main phylogenetic lineages interspersed within the many SRK lineages of Arabidopsis; and (2) some SRK -like sequences are transmitted by linked pairs, suggesting local duplication within the S -locus. Strikingly, these features also were observed in the Brassica clade but probably evolved independently, as the two main SRK clusters in Biscutella are distinct from those in Brassica. In the light of our results and of what has been previously observed in other Brassicaceae, we discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications on SI plant populations of the high diversity and the complex dominance relationships we found at the S -locus in Biscutelleae.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 10
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    Factor analysis of the relationships between several physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of some Belgian agricultural soils (1989)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0038-0717
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-3428
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Elsevier
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