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  • 1
    Keywords: Human geography. ; Urban ecology (Biology). ; Sustainability. ; Soil science. ; Physical geography. ; Human Geography. ; Urban Ecology. ; Sustainability. ; Soil Science. ; Physical Geography.
    Abstract: These proceedings of the Smart and Sustainable Cities Conference (SSC) in Moscow from May 23 to 26, 2018 addresses important questions regarding the global trend of urbanization. What are the environmental consequences of megacities’ expansion? What smart solutions can make life in cities safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly? It is projected that 70% of the global population will live in cities by 2050, and as such the book describes how this rapid urbanization will alter the face of the world. Focusing on solutions for the environmental problems of modern megapolises, it discusses advanced approaches and smart technologies to monitor, model and assess the environmental consequences and risks. The contributors present examples of successful sustainable urban development, including management and design of green infrastructure, waste management, run-off purification and remediation of urban soils. The SSC conference and its proceedings offer a valuable contribution to sustainable urban development, and are of interest to the scientific and research community, municipal services, environmental protection agencies, landscape architects, civil engineers, policy makers and other stakeholders in urban management and greenery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 280 p. 117 illus., 97 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030160913
    Series Statement: Springer Geography,
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Keywords: Environment. ; Urban ecology (Biology). ; Climatology. ; Soil science. ; Sustainability. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Urban Ecology. ; Climate Sciences. ; Soil Science. ; Sustainability.
    Description / Table of Contents: Tree health of Larix sibirica Ledeb. in the railway impact zone on Kola Peninsula -- The influence of soil quality on trees’ health in urban forest -- Ground penetrating radar tomography application to study of live tree trunks: case studies of defects detection -- Morphological and Macroanatomical Indicators of Long-Term and Current State of Trees of Quercus -- Carbon Dioxide Fluxes of an Urban Forest in Moscow -- Regulating Ecosystem Services in Russian cities: Can Urban Green Infrastructure Cope with Air Pollution and Heat Islands? -- Effects of Small Water Bodies on the Urban Heat Island and their Interaction with Urban Green Spaces in a Medium-Size City in Germany -- Assessment of Soil Properties and Tree Performance on Fountain Avenue and Pennsylvania Avenue Landfills in New York City -- Variability of Infiltration Rates at Selected Green Infrastructure Sites in New York City -- Assessment of soil heavy metal pollution by land use zones in small towns of the industrialized Arctic region, Russia -- Activity concentration of natural radionuclides and total heavy metals content in soils of urban agglomeration -- Metabolic adjustments in urban lawns in response to soil salinization -- Impact of Overgrown plant Deposit on physicochemical properties: Sod-podzolic soils during the last 60 years in the Central State Biosphere Forest Reserve, Western European Part of Russia -- Culturable Airborne Fungi of Urban, Forest and Coastal Areas of the Kola Peninsula -- Toxic Cyanobacteria in the arctic lakes: new environmental challenges. A case study -- Unfavorable impact of the urbanization on the immune antiviral protection in children: the relationship with recurrent respiratory infections -- Urbanization Effect on Children's Autonomic Nervous System -- The Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis among Children and Adults in Kazakhstan -- Some features of the key phenotypes of allergic rhinitis among children in a metropolis -- Playground arrangement for children with special health needs -- Environmental, social and economic potentials of urban protected areas: case study of Moscow, Russia -- Assessing the proposed volume of recreational ecosystem services: case study of Moscow's urban protected areas -- National park «Elk Island» in the Moscow region's green infrastructure -- The concept of ecosystem services in Russian urban legislation -- Environmental safety of urbanized territories as a developing institution for ensuring the vital interests of mankind -- Environmental Assessment of Thermal Energy Facilities Impact on Ecosystem Services for the Production of Oxygen in Urban Settlements -- Ecological assessment of rapeseed cultivation to improve chemically degraded urban Albic Luvisol -- Cultural Ecosystem Services of Urban Green Spaces. How and what people value in urban nature? -- Ecosystem services approach for landscaping project: the case of Metropolia Residential Complex.
    Abstract: This proceedings book focuses on advanced technologies to monitor and model urban soils, vegetation and climate, including internet of things, remote sensing, express and non-destructive techniques. The Smart and Sustainable Cities (SSC) conference is a regular event, organized each second year in RUDN University (Russia) and providing a multidisciplinary platform for scientists and practitioners in urban environmental monitoring, modeling, planning and management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIV, 332 p. 116 illus., 91 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030752859
    Series Statement: Springer Geography,
    DDC: 333.7
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Keywords: Sustainability. ; Urban ecology (Biology). ; Human geography. ; Environmental geography. ; Urban policy. ; Sustainability. ; Urban Ecology. ; Human Geography. ; Integrated Geography. ; Urban Policy.
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrocarbon Content and Enzymatic Activity of Urban Soils in Kola Subarctic -- Acute and Chronic Phytotoxicity of Subarctic Urban Soils and Industrial Wastes -- The Ecotoxicological State of Urban Soils of the Saint-Petersburg City -- Assessment of Soil Quality in Urban Green Areas of Two Russian Cities by Means of Chemical and Biological Methods -- Assessment of Urban Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals (Russian Federation, Republic of Bashkortostan) -- Distribution of Microelements in the Mineral Part of Chernozems under Different Types of Plant Communities in the Rostov Agglomeration -- Seasonal Dynamics of Mobile Phosphorus and Potassium in Podzol Soils Within Slope Catena of Different Anthropogenic Load at the RSAU-MTAA Forest Experimental Station -- Grazing Effect on Carbon Stocks and Fluxes in Soils of the Mountainous Pastures -- Ecosystem Services and Ecological State of Postpyrogenic Soils in Urban Forest Environments -- The Dynamics Peculiarities of the Xylem Sap of Coniferous Woody Plants on the Example of Picea Abies in Rostov-on-Don -- Daily and Seasonal Dynamics of Mixed Forest Biodiversity in the Moscow Region According to Acoustic Monitoring Data -- A Tremendous Green Roof or Biodiversity Museum? First Outcomes from Soil Survey in Zaryadye Park. .
    Abstract: This book provides multidisciplinary approaches to smart and sustainable urban ecosystems. Urbanization is a global tendency, and up to 70% of the world population is projected to live in cities by 2050. How will this rapid urbanization alter the face of the world? What are the environmental consequences of megacities’ expansion? What are smart solutions to make life in cities safe, comfortable, and environmentally friendly? These and other important questions are addressed by the conference Smart and Sustainable Cities (SSC). This year’s theme for the conference will be « Sustainable urban ecosystems: challenges and solutions». Megapolises are complex ecosystems. Air and water quality, vegetation, and soils in megapolises are exposed to anthropogenic influence. Studying negative environmental consequences of the anthropogenic and technogenic pressures is among the key tasks of urban ecology and environmental impact assessment. Advanced approaches and smart technologies to monitor, model, and assess environmental consequences and risks in megapolises will be widely discussed at the conference. Searching for solutions of the environmental problems of modern megapolises will be the key point of the conference. Successful experiences of sustainable urban development and nature-based solutions to support climate adaptation, carbon neutrality, and human health will be presented in the conference proceedings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XIII, 316 p. 103 illus., 94 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    ISBN: 9783031372162
    Series Statement: Springer Geography,
    DDC: 304.2
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Call number: PIK N 071-99-0174
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 276 p.
    ISSN: 0003-4312
    Series Statement: Annales des Science Forestries
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 5
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    New York [u.a.] : Springer-Verl.
    Associated volumes
    Call number: PIK W 511-05-0193
    In: Ecological studies
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XX, 270 S , graph. Darst., Kt
    ISBN: 3540437916
    Series Statement: Ecological studies 163
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Recently flux tower data have become available for a variety of ecosystems under different climatic and edaphic conditions. Although Flux tower data represent point measurements with a footprint of typically 1 km × 1 km they can be used to validate models and to spatialize biospheric fluxes at regional and continental scales. In this paper we present a study where biospheric flux data collected in the EUROFLUX project were used to train a neural network simulator to provide spatial (1 km × 1 km) and temporal (weekly) estimates of carbon fluxes of European forests at continental scale. The novelty of the approach is that flux data were used to constrain and parameterize the neural network structure using a limited number of input driving variables. The overall European carbon uptake from this analysis was 0.47 Gt C yr−1 with distinctive differences between boreal and temperate regions. The length of the growing season is longer in the south of Europe (about 32 weeks), compared with north and central Europe, which have a similar length-growing season (about 27 weeks). A peak in respiration was depicted in spring at continental scale as a coherent signal which parallel the construction respiration increase at the onset of the season as usually shown by leaf level measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: In order to investigate the annual variation of soil respiration and its components in relation to seasonal changes in soil temperature and soil moisture in a Mediterranean mixed oak forest ecosystem, we set up a series of experimental treatments in May 1999 where litter (no litter), roots (no roots, by trenching) or both were excluded from plots of 4 m2. Subsequently, we measured soil respiration, soil temperature and soil moisture in each plot over a year after the forest was coppiced. The treatments did not significantly affect soil temperature or soil moisture measured over 0–10 cm depth.Soil respiration varied markedly during the year with high rates in spring and autumn and low rates in summer, coinciding with summer drought, and in winter, with the lowest temperatures. Very high respiration rates, however, were observed during the summer immediately after rainfall events. The mean annual rate of soil respiration was 2.9 µmol m−2 s−1, ranging from 1.35 to 7.03 µmol m−2 s−1.Soil respiration was highly correlated with temperature during winter and during spring and autumn whenever volumetric soil water content was above 20%. Below this threshold value, there was no correlation between soil respiration and soil temperature, but soil moisture was a good predictor of soil respiration. A simple empirical model that predicted soil respiration during the year, using both soil temperature and soil moisture accounted for more than 91% of the observed annual variation in soil respiration.All the components of soil respiration followed a similar seasonal trend and were affected by summer drought. The Q10 value for soil respiration was 2.32, which is in agreement with other studies in forest ecosystems. However, we found a Q10 value for root respiration of 2.20, which is lower than recent values reported for forest sites. The fact that the seasonal variation in root growth with temperature in Mediterranean ecosystems differs from that in temperate regions may explain this difference. In temperate regions, increases in size of root populations during the growing season, coinciding with high temperatures, may yield higher apparent Q10 values than in Mediterranean regions where root growth is suppressed by summer drought.The decomposition of organic matter and belowground litter were the major components of soil respiration, accounting for almost 55% of the total soil respiration flux. This proportion is higher than has been reported for mature boreal and temperate forest and is probably the result of a short-term C loss following recent logging at the site.The relationship proposed for soil respiration with soil temperature and soil moisture is useful for understanding and predicting potential changes in Mediterranean forest ecosystems in response to forest management and climate change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The effects of harvest on European forest net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon and its photosynthetic and respiratory components (GPP (gross primary production) and TER (total ecosystem respiration)) were examined by comparing four pairs of mature/harvested sites in Europe via a combination of eddy covariance measurements and empirical modeling. Three of the comparisons represented high coniferous forestry (spruce in Britain, and pines in Finland and France), while a coppice-with-standard oak plantation was examined in Italy.While every comparison revealed that harvesting converted a mature forest carbon sink into a carbon source of similar magnitude, the mechanisms by which this occurred were very different according to species or management practice. In Britain, Finland, and France the annual sink (source) strength for mature (clear-cut) stands was estimated at 496 (112), 138 (239), and 222 (225) g C m−2, respectively, with 381 (427) g C m−2 for the mature (coppiced) stand in Italy. In all three cases of high forestry in Britain, Finland, and France, clear-cutting crippled the photosynthetic capacity of the ecosystem – with mature (clear-cut) GPP of 1970 (988), 1010 (363), and 1600 (602) g C m−2– and also reduced ecosystem respiration to a lesser degree – TER of 1385 (1100), 839 (603), and 1415 (878) g C m−2, respectively. By contrast, harvesting of the coppice oak system provoked a burst in respiration – with mature (clear-cut) TER estimated at 1160 (2220) gC m−2– which endured for the 3 years sampled postharvest. The harvest disturbance also reduced GPP in the coppice system – with mature (clear-cut) GPP of 1600 (1420) g C m−2– but to a lesser extent than in the coniferous forests, and with near-complete recovery within a few years. Understanding the effects of harvest on the carbon balance of European forest systems is a necessary step towards characterizing carbon exchange for timberlands on large scales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Continuous and direct measurements of ecosystem carbon dioxide and water vapour fluxes can improve our ability to close regional and global carbon and hydrological budgets. On this behalf, an international and multidisciplinary group of scientists (micrometeorologists, ecophysiologists and biogeochemists) assembled at La Thuile, Italy to convene a workshop on ‘Strategies for Monitoring and Modelling CO2 and Water Vapour Fluxes over Terrestrial Ecosystems’. Over the course of the week talks and discussions focused on: (i) the results from recent field studies on the annual cycle of carbon dioxide and water vapour fluxes over terrestrial ecosystems; (ii) the problems and pitfalls associated with making long-term flux measurements; (iii) alternative methods for assessing ecosystem carbon dioxide and water vapour fluxes; (iv) how direct and continuous carbon dioxide and water vapour flux measurements could be used by the ecological and biogeochemical modelling communities; and (v) if, how and where to proceed with establishing a network of long-term flux measurement sites. This report discusses the purpose of the meeting and summarizes the conclusions drawn from the discussions by the attending scientists.There was a consensus that recent advances in instrumentation and software make possible long-term measurements of carbon dioxide and water vapour fluxes over terrestrial ecosystems. At this writing, eight research teams have conducted long-term carbon dioxide and water vapour flux experiments and more long-term studies are anticipated. The participants advocated an experimental design that would make long-term flux measurement valuable to a wider community of modelers, biogeochemists and ecologists. A network of carbon dioxide and water vapour flux measurement stations should include ancillary measurements of meteorological, ecological and biological variables. To assess spatial representativeness of the long term and tower-based flux measurements, periodic aircraft-based flux experiments and satellite-based assessments of land cover were recommended. Occasional cuvette-based measurements of leaf-level carbon dioxide and water vapour fluxes were endorsed to provide information on the biological control of surface fluxes. They can also provide data to parameterize ecophysiological models. Flask sampling of stable carbon isotopes was advocated to extend the flux measurements to the global scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Simultaneous measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) were made in a Florida scrub-oak ecosystem in August 1997 and then every month between April 2000 to July 2001, using open top chambers (NEEO) and eddy covariance (NEEE). This study provided a cross validation of these two different techniques for measuring NEE. Unique characteristics of the comparison were that the measurements were made simultaneously, in the same stand, with large replicated chambers enclosing a representative portion of the ecosystem (75 m2, compared to approximately 1–2 ha measured by the eddy covariance system). The value of the comparison was greatest at night, when the microclimate was minimally affected by the chambers. For six of the 12 measurement periods, night NEEO was not significantly different to night NEEE, and for the other periods the maximum difference was 1.1 µmol m−2s−1, with an average of 0.72 ± 0.09 µmol m−2s−1. The comparison was more difficult during the photoperiod, because of differences between the microclimate inside and outside the chambers. During the photoperiod, air temperature (Tair) and air vapour pressure deficits (VPD) became progressively higher inside the chambers until mid-afternoon. In the morning NEEO was higher than NEEE by about 26%, consistent with increased temperature inside the chambers. Over the mid-day period and the afternoon, NEEO was 8% higher that NEEE, regardless of the large differences in microclimate. This study demonstrates both the uses and difficulties associated with attempting to cross validate NEE measurements made in chambers and using eddy covariance. The exercise was most useful at night when the chamber had a minimal effect on microclimate, and when the measurement of NEE is most difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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