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  • 1
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    Semi-analytic galaxy formation in coupled dark energy cosmologies (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-12
    Description: Among the possible alternatives to the standard cosmological model (CDM), coupled dark energy models postulate that dark energy (DE), seen as a dynamical scalar field, may interact with dark matter (DM), giving rise to a ‘fifth-force’, felt by DM particles only. In this paper, we study the impact of these cosmologies on the statistical properties of galaxy populations by combining high-resolution numerical simulations with semi-analytic models (SAMs) of galaxy formation and evolution. New features have been implemented in the reference SAM in order to have it run self-consistently and calibrated on these cosmological simulations. They include an appropriate modification of the mass–temperature relation and of the baryon fraction in DM haloes, due to the different virial scalings and to the gravitational bias, respectively. Our results show that the predictions of our coupled-DE SAM do not differ significantly from theoretical predictions obtained with standard SAMs applied to a reference cold dark matter (CDM) simulation, implying that the statistical properties of galaxies provide only a weak probe for these alternative cosmological models. On the other hand, we show that both galaxy bias and the galaxy pairwise velocity distribution are sensitive to coupled DE models: this implies that these probes might be successfully applied to disentangle among quintessence, f ( R )–gravity and coupled DE models.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Mutant cohesin drives chromosomal instability in early colorectal adenomas (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-27
    Description: Chromosome missegregation leads to chromosomal instability (CIN), thought to play a role in cancer development. As cohesin functions in guaranteeing correct chromosome segregation, increasing data suggest its involvement in tumorigenesis. In a screen of a large series of early colorectal adenomas, a precocious step during colorectal tumorigenesis, we identified 11 mutations in SMC1A core cohesin subunit. In addition, we sequenced the SMC1A gene in colorectal carcinomas and we found only one mutation. Finally, the transfection of the SMC1A mutations identified in early adenomas and wild-type SMC1A gene silencing in normal human fibroblasts led to CIN. Our findings that SMC1A mutations decrease from early adenomas to colorectal cancers and that mutations lead to CIN suggest that mutant cohesin could play a pivotal role during colorectal cancer development.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Selective transcriptional regulation by Myc in cellular growth control and lymphomagenesis (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-22
    Description: The c-myc proto-oncogene product, Myc, is a transcription factor that binds thousands of genomic loci. Recent work suggested that rather than up- and downregulating selected groups of genes, Myc targets all active promoters and enhancers in the genome (a phenomenon termed 'invasion') and acts as a general amplifier of transcription. However, the available data did not readily discriminate between direct and indirect effects of Myc on RNA biogenesis. We addressed this issue with genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA expression profiles during B-cell lymphomagenesis in mice, in cultured B cells and fibroblasts. Consistent with long-standing observations, we detected general increases in total RNA or messenger RNA copies per cell (hereby termed 'amplification') when comparing actively proliferating cells with control quiescent cells: this was true whether cells were stimulated by mitogens (requiring endogenous Myc for a proliferative response) or by deregulated, oncogenic Myc activity. RNA amplification and promoter/enhancer invasion by Myc were separable phenomena that could occur without one another. Moreover, whether or not associated with RNA amplification, Myc drove the differential expression of distinct subsets of target genes. Hence, although having the potential to interact with all active or poised regulatory elements in the genome, Myc does not directly act as a global transcriptional amplifier. Instead, our results indicate that Myc activates and represses transcription of discrete gene sets, leading to changes in cellular state that can in turn feed back on global RNA production and turnover.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4110711/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4110711/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabo, Arianna -- Kress, Theresia R -- Pelizzola, Mattia -- de Pretis, Stefano -- Gorski, Marcin M -- Tesi, Alessandra -- Morelli, Marco J -- Bora, Pranami -- Doni, Mirko -- Verrecchia, Alessandro -- Tonelli, Claudia -- Faga, Giovanni -- Bianchi, Valerio -- Ronchi, Alberto -- Low, Diana -- Muller, Heiko -- Guccione, Ernesto -- Campaner, Stefano -- Amati, Bruno -- 10-0245/Worldwide Cancer Research/United Kingdom -- 268671/European Research Council/International -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jul 24;511(7510):488-92. doi: 10.1038/nature13537. Epub 2014 Jul 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy [2] Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy [3]. ; 1] Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy [2]. ; Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy. ; Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy. ; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore. ; 1] Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy [2] Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism/pathology ; *Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*genetics/pathology ; Chromatin/genetics/metabolism ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Disease Progression ; Down-Regulation/genetics ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Genome/genetics ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/*genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic/genetics ; Up-Regulation/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Semi-analytic galaxy formation in f(R)-gravity cosmologies (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-17
    Description: Modifications of the equations of general relativity at large distances offer one possibility to explain the observed properties of our Universe without invoking a cosmological constant. Numerous proposals for such modified gravity cosmologies exist, but often their consequences for structure formation in the non-linear sector are not yet accurately known. In this work, we employ high-resolution numerical simulations of f ( R )-gravity models coupled with a semi-analytic model (SAM) for galaxy formation to obtain detailed predictions for the evolution of galaxy properties. The f ( R )-gravity models imply the existence of a ‘fifth-force’, which is however locally suppressed, preserving the successes of general relativity on Solar system scales. We show that dark matter haloes in f ( R )-gravity models are characterized by a modified virial scaling with respect to the cold dark matter (CDM ) scenario, reflecting a higher dark matter velocity dispersion at a given mass. This effect is taken into account in the SAM by an appropriate modification of the mass–temperature relation. We find that the statistical properties predicted for galaxies (such as the stellar mass function and the cosmic star formation rate) in f ( R )-gravity show generally only very small differences relative to CDM, smaller than the dispersion between the results of different SAM models, which can be viewed as a measure of their systematic uncertainty. We also demonstrate that galaxy bias is not able to disentangle between f ( R )-gravity and the standard cosmological scenario. However, f ( R )-gravity imprints modifications in the linear growth rate of cosmic structures at large scale, which can be recovered from the statistical properties of large galaxy samples.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Insights into Holocene vegetation and climate changes at the southeast of the Andes: Nothofagus forest and Patagonian steppe fire records (2012)
    Sage
    In: Holocene
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-18
    Description: Ecosystem fire regimes are a consequence of interactions among fuels and climate. The reconstruction of past fire regimes is of great importance for studying past climate changes and controls. The aim of this study is to compare two charcoal and pollen records from the Nothofagus forest-grass steppe ecotone (50°S) and the grass steppe (49°S). We compare fire regime responses to local vegetation changes, and inferred variation on climate conditions between 49° and 52°S during the Holocene. Cerro Frías and La Tercera charcoal records seem to be sensitive to centennial and millennial timescales of vegetation and climate variability inferred for southern Patagonia. During the Pleistocene–Holocene transition and during the middle Holocene, forest patchiness provided fuel vertical and horizontal continuity favoring fire activity. In contrast, in steppe environments high cover of shrubs favored grass patchiness, impeding fire spread. Higher pollen richness and variability through time seem to be related to higher vegetation patchiness. Past fire regime variability at the eastern side of the Andes has been closely related to westerly moisture influence between 52° and 48°S. Southern latitudes have been influenced by polar air mass intrusions to the continent during the last 5000 cal. yr BP.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Sage
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flavodoxin Is Required for the Activation of the Anaerobic Ribonucleotide Reductase
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 197 (1993), S. 792-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1993.2548
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic consequences of adenine-phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency in V79 hamster fibroblasts
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 203 (1992), S. 336-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(92)90007-U
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of the dATP pool in cultured mammalian cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 199 (1992), S. 120-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(92)90469-O
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deoxynucleotide pools and DNA synthesis in resting and PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes treated with mutagens
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 199 (1992), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(92)90444-D
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scintillometric determination of DNA repair in human cell lines - A critical appraisal
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 93 (1982), S. 447-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0027-5107
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0027-5107(82)90157-9
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