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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological and ecological traits of benthic freshwater macroinvertebrates: relationships and definition of groups with similar traits (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 43 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: 〈list style="custom"〉1Relating species traits to habitat characteristics can provide important insights into the structure and functioning of stream communities. However, trade-offs among species traits make it difficult to predict accurately the functional diversity of freshwater communities. Many authors have pointed to the value of working with groups of organisms as similar as possible in terms of relationships among traits and have called for definition of groups of organisms with similar suites of attributes.2We used multivariate analyses to examine separately the relationships among 11 biological traits and among 11 ecological traits of 472 benthic macroinvertebrate taxa (mainly genera). The main objective was to demonstrate (1) potential trade-offs among traits; (2) the importance of the different traits to separate systematic units or functional groupings; and (3) uniform functional groups of taxa that should allow a more effective use of macroinvertebrate biological and ecological traits.3We defined eight groups and 15 subgroups according to a biological trait ordination which highlighted size (large to small), reproductive traits (K to r strategists), food (animal to plant material) and feeding habits (predator to scraper and/or deposit feeder) as ‘significant’ factors determining the ordination of taxa. This ordination partly preserved phylogenetic relationships among groups.4Seven ecological groups and 13 ecological subgroups included organisms with combinations of traits which should be successively more adequate in habitats from the main channel to temporary waters, and from the crenon to the potamic sections of rivers, and to systems situated outside the river floodplain. These gradients corresponded to a gradual shift from (1) rheophilic organisms that lived in the main channel of cold oligotrophic mountain streams to (2) animals that preferred eutrophic habitats of still or temporary waters in lowlands. The groups with similar ecological traits had a more diverse systematic structure than those with similar biological traits.5Monitoring and assessment tools for the management of water resources are generally more effective if they are based on a clear understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the presence or absence of species groups in the environment. We believe that groups with similar relationships among their species traits may be useful in developing tools that measure the functional diversity of communities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00535.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theoretical habitat templets, species traits, and species richness: aquatic insects in the Upper Rhône River and its floodplain (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 31 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: 〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1For five orders of Insecta (Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Trichoptera, and Coleoptera) in two sites of the Upper Rhône River (France), the following are examined: (i) relationships among nineteen species traits; (ii) habitat utilization of species; (iii) the relationship between species traits and habitat utilization; and (iv) trends of species traits and species richness in a templet of spatial-temporal habitat variability.2The species traits having the highest correlations correspond to reproduction, life cycle, nutritional, and morphological features. Species trait characteristics of Coleoptera are distinctly contrasted with those of Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera; Odonata and Trichoptera are intermediate to these orders.3The distribution of species in fourteen habitat types of the Upper Rhône River floodplain demonstrates a transverse gradient from the main channel to the oxbow lakes and the temporary water habitats, and a vertical gradient from interstitial to superficial habitats.4Despite a significant relationship between species traits and habitat utilization, superposition between species traits and habitat utilization is limited. At the order level, species form usually one (Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Odonata) or several (Coleoptera) groups of relatively homogeneous species traits; however, the species of each of these groups utilize rather different habitat types.5Only for some life history traits, e.g. the minimum age of reproduction or the number of reproductive cycles per year, do the trends observed in the framework of spatial—temporal variability of habitat types agree with the predictions from the river habitat templet. This mismatch mainly results from the unique phylogenetic history of the Coleoptera compared with that of the other four orders.6Species richness peaks at an intermediate level of temporal variability; however, it does not gradually increase with increasing spatial variability, nor increase from low to intermediate temporal variability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1994.tb01749.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theoretical habitat templets, species traits, and species richness: Trichoptera in the Upper Rhône River and its floodplain (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 31 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: 〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1For Trichoptera occurring in two sites of the Upper Rhône River (France) we examine: (i) relationships among species traits; (ii) habitat utilization of Trichoptera species; (iii) the relationship between species traits and habitat utilization; (iv) trends of species traits in the framework of spatial–temporal habitat variability to test predictions of the habitat templet concept; and (v) trends of species richness in the framework of spatial–temporal habitat variability to test predictions of the patch dynamics concept.2Of the sixteen species traits selected, twelve have high correlation ratios for the seventy-five species used in this analysis; these traits are related to behavioural, morphological, or physiological aspects. Traits related to reproduction or life cycle have lower correlation ratios.3An ordination by species traits separates the five main families into three groups: (i) Hydropsychidae and Polycentropodidae; (ii) Hydroptilidae; and (iii) Leptoceridae and Limnephilidae. An ordination of the habitat utilization of the species in ten habitats indicates that the Hydropsychidae occur preferentially in the main channel, Hydroptilidae, Polycentropodidae, and Limnephilidae occur in backwaters or oxbow lakes, and the Leptoceridae are ubiquitous.4The Hydropsychidae exhibit a relationship between species traits and habitat utilization, i.e. they use similar habitat types with similar species traits. The species traits of the other four families are similar but their habitat utilization is quite different.5The Hydropsychidae occur in lowest spatial–temporal variability habitats and Limnephilidae in the highest. Therefore, net spinners and filterers are characteristic of habitats with a low spatial–temporal variability, whereas shredders and case makers using plant material are characteristic of habitats with high spatial–temporal variability. The trends in species traits show little agreement with trends predicted from the river habitat templet.6Trends of species richness in the framework of spatial and temporal variability do not follow the predictions of the patch dynamics concept because richness is similar in all superficial habitats. This implies that each habitat, in spite of large differences in their spatial and temporal variability, offers Trichoptera a similar but limited number of ecological niches.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1994.tb01748.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Invertebrate traits for the biomonitoring of large European rivers: an initial assessment of alternative metrics (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 48 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: 1. The application of environmental policy and legislation across large-scale administrative units creates a growing need for standard tools to assess and monitor the ‘ecological health’ of rivers, a requirement that can be achieved through the description of ecological functions of lotic invertebrate species in river communities.2. To assess alternative metrics, we tested how the functional structure (described by 14 biological traits) of invertebrate communities in 190 large river reaches differed with respect to differences in taxonomic resolution (species, genus, family), taxa weighting of traits (raw abundance, ln-transformed abundance, presence–absence data) and consideration of alien species (inclusion or exclusion), and how these differences influenced the potential of functional descriptions to discriminate river reaches across a gradient of multiple human impacts.3. Functional descriptions derived at the level of species, genera and families were very similar, whereas functional descriptions derived from raw abundances differed significantly from those derived from both ln-transformed abundances and presence–absence data. Functional descriptions after the exclusion of alien species differed considerably from those including alien species.4. Generally, the functional descriptions significantly discriminated river reaches according to the level of human impact. Taxonomic resolution scarcely influenced the discrimination of impact levels, whereas the use of raw abundances decreased impact discrimination in comparison with ln-transformed abundances and presence–absence data. Exclusion of alien species also decreased discrimination of impact levels.5. When considered separately, individual biological traits describing maximal size, number of descendants per reproductive cycle, number of reproductive cycles per individual, life duration of adults, reproductive method, parental care, body form and feeding habits had the highest potential to discriminate the level of human impact.6. Our findings indicate that genus or perhaps family identifications are sufficient for large-river biomonitoring using invertebrate traits. Although raw abundances could provide a better discrimination of low levels of human impact, presence–absence data should be sufficient to discriminate functional community changes caused by elevated levels of human impact across Europe.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.01139.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of transported particulate organic matter in the macroinvertebrate colonization of litter bags in streams (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 46 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: 1. The exposure of mesh litter bags has been widely used to investigate the role of benthic macroinvertebrates in leaf processing in freshwaters. In this sense, several studies have related litter bag breakdown rates to the presence of colonizing invertebrates. A possible confounding factor in such experiments is that the litter bags trap suspended particulate organic matter that can itself attract invertebrate colonists, irrespective of the intended experimental treatment.2. We attempted to quantify the accumulation of particulate organic matter (POM) within litter bags and to investigate its possible impact on macroinvertebrate density and richness. In seven headwater forested streams we exposed mesh bags filled either with beech leaves (Fagus sylvatica) or with plastic strips of an equal surface area.3. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that bag type and stream were the main explanatory variables for invertebrate colonization and POM accumulation within the bags. In contrast, there was little variation among sampling dates (6.4% of the total inertia).4. The accumulated POM within the bags was substantial (up to 8.83 g ash-free dry mass (AFDM)) but highly variable among sites (mean from 0.32 to 4.58 g AFDM). At each of the seven sites, both richness and abundance of invertebrates were positively correlated with the mass of accumulated POM in bags. Macroinvertebrate colonization (notably taxon richness) was directly linked with the quantity of POM accumulated.5. Our findings provide evidence of a potential pitfall in linking invertebrates to litter processing in mesh bags, particularly when large amounts of POM, entrained in stream flow, accumulate within the bags. An evaluation of the POM mass trapped in litter bags could account for the erratic patterns sometimes observed in their colonization by invertebrates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2001.00693.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Traits of benthic macroinvertebrates in semi-natural French streams: an initial application to biomonitoring in Europe (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 43 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: 〈list style="custom"〉1The methods used to indicate the biological state of streams are often based on taxonomic composition, and the abundance of species or other taxa. This ‘taxonomic structure’ varies among ecoregions and cannot be applied to wider geographical areas. Therefore, we assessed the species traits of benthic macroinvertebrates from semi-natural reference sites as a potential benchmark for large-scale biomonitoring. Our purpose was to assess the stability of community structure, based on the representation of taxa and of traits, across large gradients of geology (sedimentary to granitic), altitude (65–1982 m), geographical coordinates (0° 48′ W to 7° 20′ E and 42° 52′ to 48° 44′ N), stream order (1–5) and slope (0.5–60‰).2We used invertebrate abundance data from the 62 most natural French stream sites available. These abundance data served to weight the occurrence of ‘biological’ traits, such as reproductive characteristics, mobility, resistance forms, food, feeding habits, respiration, and ‘ecological’ traits, such as preferences for temperature, trophic level, saprobity, biogeographic distribution, longitudinal zonation, substratum and current velocity.3Multivariate analyses of taxonomic composition demonstrated a clear site gradient from lowlands to uplands and from calcareous to granitic geology. In contrast, community structure based on both biological and ecological traits was stable across environmental gradients.4The frequency distribution of biological traits indicated that the stream benthos of the ‘reference sites’ had a mixture of categories which confirmed theoretical predictions for temporally stable and spatially variable habitats. A mixture of ecological trait categories also occurred at our reference sites. Thus, semi-natural benthic macroinvertebrate communities are functionally diverse. Moreover, we included an initial application of these traits to a case of slightly to moderately polluted sites to show that the impact of humans significantly changes this natural functional diversity.5Future studies should focus on the potential for various biological and ecological traits to discriminate different human impacts on the benthic macroinvertebrates of running waters, and on the integration of this functional application into a general ‘reference-condition’ approach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00545.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Theoretical habitat templets, species traits, and species richness: Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera in the Upper Rhône River and its floodplain (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 31 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: 〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera in two sites of the Upper Rhône River (France) were examined using multivariate analyses to determine: (i) relationships among seventeen species traits; (ii) habitat utilization of the fifty-five species present; (iii) the relationship between species traits and habitat utilization; (iv) trends of species traits and species richness in a framework of spatial and temporal habitat variability.2The species traits having the highest correlation ratios correspond to reproduction or life cycle, behavioural, and morphological characteristics. According to their traits, species of Baetidae, Caenidae, and Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) are opposite species of Perlidae and Perlodidae (Plecoptera).3The distribution of species in thirteen habitat types of the Upper Rhône River floodplain demonstrates a transverse gradient from the main channel to the oxbow lakes. Plecoptera are restricted to the different main channel habitats; in contrast, Ephemeroptera families have a broader distribution with Baetidae and Leptophlebiidae occurring in most floodplain habitats.4Plecoptera exhibit a significant relationship between species traits and habitat utilization but no relationship is evident for Ephemeroptera. Baetidae use many habitat types and have diverse species traits; in contrast, Leptophlebiidae, Heptageniidae, and Caenidae use many habitat types but each family has a rather uniform set of traits.5Trends in species traits were significantly related to both the spatial and temporal variability of habitats. Considering only temporal variability, the distribution of species trait modalities (= categories) corresponded well to predictions on trends in the river habitat templet for ‘minimum age at reproduction’ and ‘potential longevity’, and in general for ‘descendants per reproductive cycle’, ‘reproductive cycles per year’, ‘potential size’, and ‘body flexibility’ trends in six other traits did not match predictions.6No trends in species richness were evident in spatial–temporal framework of habitat variability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1994.tb01746.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stream community structure in relation to spatial variation: the influence of mesohabitat characteristics (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 389 (1998), S. 73-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): macroinvertebrates ; mesohabitat scale ; community structure ; habitat characteristics ; multivariate analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates was studied in six first- through fourth-order streams in northeast France, to elucidate changes in richness, abundance, diversity and evenness of mesohabitat assemblages as a function of environmental conditions. Patch samples were subjected to multivariate analyses to determine: (i) relationships among seven indices describing community structure (structure parameters); (ii) relationships among seven environmental variables; (iii) the relationship between community structure and environmental characteristics of patches. Faunal data showed that indices measuring the distribution of individuals among taxa (evenness, dominance) and richness are prominent in describing the structure of macroinvertebrate communities of mesohabitats. The analysis of environmental data demonstrated a major differentiating ability of current velocity and strong inter-relations among in-stream hydraulic-dependent parameters in structuring the mesohabitat environment. The co-structure (= relationship) between community organization and environmental variables indicated that substrate may be a primary determinant of community structure. Current velocity and water depth emerged as secondary factors. Trends in community structure were closely related to the spatial variability of mesohabitats. Species richness increased with habitat heterogeneity. Total abundance increased with trophic potentialities of patches. Equitability and diversity seemed to increase with patch stability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003519429979
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The spatial heterogeneity of a river bottom: a key factor determining macroinvertebrate communities (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 422-423 (2000), S. 163-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): mesohabitats ; macroinvertebrate communities ; spatial heterogeneity ; running waters
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We examined the relationships between mesohabitat heterogeneity and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a fourth-order stream (Mortagne, North-Eastern France). The heterogeneity of the mesohabitat mosaic was described around each sampling point for eight different surfaces from 0.5 to 4 m radius. Environmental descriptors integrated both the composition and configuration heterogeneity of the substrate mosaic. Faunal data were analysed in terms of biocenotic indices and taxonomic composition. The maximum number of significant Spearman correlations was obtained for a mosaic with a diameter of 2 m around the sampling point and significant correlations were both the highest and the most numerous for this surface. Relationships were established between community structure and substrate heterogeneity. The faunal richness was higher in a heterogeneous environment composed of numerous substrates, an elevated patchiness and with high perimeters. Such a mosaic potentially offers a great number of niches for invertebrates. A reduced distance between two types of substrate favours exchange of species. At the opposite, a very homogeneous mosaic offers a low variety of niches and shelters fewer taxa. Furthermore, in a homogeneous environment we observed that one or two particular taxa dominated the community, probably because competition with taxa coming from neighbouring patches was reduced. The community composition mainly depended on the characteristics of the mesohabitat sampled. Our results showed that the neighbouring environment around such mesohabitats also had a significant influence. Further research must be conducted to specify the influence of the mosaic heterogeneity on biological and ecological traits of invertebrates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017094606335
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Contribution of the macrobenthic compartment to the oxygen budget of a large regulated river: the Mosel (1999)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 410 (1999), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): large river ; river bottom ; macrobenthos ; oxygen budget ; respiration ; filtration rate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The contribution of the benthic compartment to the oxygen budget of three sectors of the river Mosel (France, Luxembourg, Germany) was evaluated, in terms of benthos respiration, filtration rate and sediment oxygen demand. Bottom substrates and benthic invertebrate communities were investigated using benthic dredges during six field campaigns from summer 1994 to summer 1996. Bivalvia (Corbicula fluminalis, Dreissena polymorpha, Anodonta cygnea, Unio pictorum), Prosobranchia (Viviparus viviparus), Crustacea (Gammaridae) and Diptera (Chironomidae) were the prevailing taxa of the benthic community, both in density and biomass. An original method based on multivariate analyses and a clustering approach was developed to describe the habitat mosaic in terms of substrate-type frequencies. The biomass of each taxon was recalculated for each substrate-type. The dissolved oxygen uptake and the filtration rate of the prevailing taxa of the benthic community were modelled using results of laboratory experiments. Both effects of water temperature and trophic level conditions were taken into account. Evaluations showed that benthic compartment respiration processes may have reach up to 25% of the total amount of dissolved oxygen per day, in the river Mosel. Furthermore, the macrobenthic compartment may have a great impact on phytoplankton communities, and then on primary production, by filtration activity. Indeed, the water volume daily filtered by filter-feeder macroinvertebrates potentially ranged from 26.9 to 83.8% of the total volume of a sector, in summer conditions. Consequently, respiration and filtration activities of the benthic compartment appear to be two important biological processes of the dissolved oxygen budget of a large regulated river.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003787209940
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