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  • 1
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    Will invertebrates require increasingly carbon-rich food in a warming world? (2017)
    In:  EPIC3The American Naturalist, 190, pp. 725-742
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-19
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a Zooplankton Community on Seston Elimination in a Restored Pond in Japan (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Restoration ecology 2 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The rates of seston elimination by zooplankton and primary production were measured in Funada-ike Pond, typical of human-made impoundments in Japan, from April to September in order to evaluate various treatments of the pond aimed at improving water quality by reducing seston abundance. The treatments included draining the pond water, dredging the bottom mud, eliminating the wastewater inflow, and biomanipulation through removal of all fish. After the treatment, seston abundance was reduced from more than 10 to 0.4–2.5 mg C/liter, and large daphnid species, Daphnia similis and D. magna, occurred and predominated in the zooplankton community. Seston abundance remained at a relatively low level from June to August but increased markedly in late August, while the biomass of zooplankton became high from June to mid-August and then decreased. A decrease in seston abundance was found when the elimination rate exceeded the primary production rate. The results indicate that the development of daphnid populations was effective in keeping seston abundance at a low level. The relationship between the rate of primary production and the zoo-plankton biomass required to offset this rate, however, suggests that biomanipulation aimed at increasing zooplankton biomass alone is less effective in a pond with a high primary production. The success in improving water quality in this pond seems to depend not only on the increase in biomass of large daphnid species that resulted mainly from the removal of fish, but also on the decrease in nutrient load that was realized by the other treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.1994.tb00042.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of food concentration on the carbon balance of Bosmina longirostris (Crustacea: Cladocera) (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 26 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. The carbon balance of the small cladoceran, Bosmina longirostris, was examined at four food concentrations (0,05, 0.10, 0.25, 2.50mg C 1-−1) based on long-term growth experiments.2. At birth, B. longirostris allocated about 60% of assimilation to body growth at all food concentrations. However, allocation to body growth decreased with age and was less than 5% after the fourth instar at the lowest food concentration. The proportion allocated to reproduction increased with increasing food concentration, but was relatively constant among different adult instars.3. Assimilation rate increased with increasing food concentration and increasing body size: the mean rate from birth to 15 days was 6.6 times higher at the highest food concentration than at the lowest food concentration. However, with decreasing food concentration and increasing body size, a higher proportion of the assimilated carbon was lost as respiration. As a result, the net production rate reached a plateau at intermediate body size and was 9.1 times higher at the highest food concentration than at the lowest food concentration.4. Comparison with previous studies revealed that B. longirostris is more efficient than Daphnia with regard to carbon production, especially at low food conditions, if the death rate is negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1991.tb00508.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of food concentration on growth, reproduction and survivorship of Bosmina longirostris (Cladocera) (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 25 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. Body growth, reproduction and survivorship of Bosmina longirostris were monitored at four food concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0,25 and 2.50 ing Cl−1) to examine the extent to which food concentration affects these life-history parameters.2. Food concentration had a significant effect on growth, and most of the reproductive parameters (size and age at maturation, brood size, instar duration and egg development time). More than 60% of animals died before maturation at the lowest food concentration, although most animals survived until maturation at other food concentrations.3. Change in life-history parameters resulted in a decrease in rate of population growth (r) from 0.310 to 0.020 day−1 with decreasing food concentration, showing that this cladoceran is highly food-limited in many lakes.4. Importance of the effect of food concentration on egg development time was emphasized in relation to analysis of natural populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1991.tb00467.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of Jesogammarus annandalei, an endemic amphipod, in Lake Biwa, Japan (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 47 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY 1. Population dynamics and production of Jesogammarus annandalei, an endemic amphipod in Lake Biwa, were examined from April 1997 to June 1998. The life cycle of this species was 1 year with the new generation beginning in early autumn. They preferred low temperature (〈12 °C) and their spatial distribution varied seasonally and accordingly.2. In deep water, the abundance of J. annandalei ranged from 200 to 63 000 m−2 and decreased towards summer and the biomass (0.01∼3.6 g C m−2) was on average comparable that of zooplankton. The density was much higher than that recorded by a study conducted 35 years ago.3. Individual growth rate of this amphipod was high in winter and spring but decreased in summer. Annual production of J. annandalei (6.2 g C m−2 year−1) was only 2% of primary production but was at the higher end of the range reported for amphipods in oligo- and mesotrophic lakes.4. These results are consistent with the view that Lake Biwa is becoming more eutrophic, with a consequent decrease in the abundance of predatory fish in the profundal zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00942.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoichiometric impacts of increased carbon dioxide on a planktonic herbivore (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in lake ecosystems varies over four orders of magnitude and is affected by local and global environmental perturbations associated with both natural and anthropogenic processes. Little is known, however, about how changes in pCO2 extend into the function and structure of food webs in freshwater ecosystems. To fill this gap, we performed laboratory experiments using the ecologically important planktonic herbivore Daphnia and its algal prey under a natural range of pCO2 with low light and phosphorus supplies. The experiment showed that increased pCO2 stimulated algal growth but reduced algal P : C ratio. When feeding on algae grown under high pCO2, herbivore growth decreased regardless of algal abundance. Thus, high CO2-raised algae were poor food for Daphnia. Short-term experimental supplementation of PO4 raised the P content of the high CO2-raised algae and improved Daphnia growth, indicating that low Daphnia growth rates under high pCO2 conditions were due to lowered P content in the algal food. These results suggest that, in freshwater ecosystems with low nutrient supplies, natural processes as well as anthropogenic perturbations resulting in increased pCO2 enhance algal production but reduce energy and mass transfer efficiency to herbivores by decreasing algal nutritional quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00634.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Length–weight relationships of eight freshwater planktonic crustacean species in Japan (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd, UK
    Freshwater biology 39 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. The relationships between body length and dry weight were examined for eight species of freshwater planktonic crustacea common in Japan: Eodiaptomus japonicus, Acanthodiaptomus pacificus, Daphnia galeata, D. similis, D. magna, Scapholeberis mucronata, Simocephalus exspinosus and Bosmina longirostris.2. The relationships of two diaptomid species were similar and the approximate equation was lnW = 2.7 + 2.6*lnL, where L is prosome length (mm) and W is dry weight (μg). The carapace length–dry weight relationships in branchiopods were more variable, with the slope ranging from 1.9 to 2.9 and the intercept from 2.0 to 3.7.3. The effects of food conditions on the relationship were examined in the laboratory, and the seasonal changes in the field were also studied.4. Practical advice is presented for predicting crustacean weight from body length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1998.00267.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterioplankton production in a water column of Lake Biwa (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Lakes & reservoirs 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1770
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Seasonal production of bacterioplankton in a water column of Lake Biwa was examined based on cell-specific growth rates at above (surface layer) and below the thermocline (deep layer). The growth rates were estimated by incubating bacterioplankton in situ with a dilution technique. The rates ranged from 0.05 per day in winter to 0.89 per day in summer, generally with much higher rates in the surface layer than in the deep layer. In an entire water column, bacterial production (in terms of carbon [C]) ranged from 0.217 to 0.811 gC/m2 per day with a mean of 0.451 gC/m2 per day, which, on average corresponded to 43% of primary production. However, no significant correlation was detected between bacterial production and primary production rates. Although the bacterial production rate correlated positively to water temperature, surface and deep layer rates were comparative for some dates because the deep layer shared a large fraction of the water column. These results suggest that, although specific bacterial activity was low in the deep layer due to the low temperature, bacteria in that layer play substantial roles in consumption of organic matter and material flows in Lake Biwa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1770.2002.00197.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Daphnia in the decomposition of organic matter in the surface layer of Lake Biwa (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    Lakes & reservoirs 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1770
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: To examine the role of Daphnia in the decomposition and elimination of organic carbon at the surface layer, organic matter from Lake Biwa was incubated with and without Daphnia at 20°C in the dark for 15 days in May, July and October. In all of the experiments, total organic carbon decreased during the incubation, regardless of treatment; however, the net effect of Daphnia on this decrease differed among experiments. Daphnia stimulated the decrease in particulate organic carbon in two out of three experiments. Bacterial abundance was higher in treatments with Daphnia than in treatments without Daphnia in all experiments. Higher bacterial abundance in treatments with Daphnia could not be explained fully by zooplankton grazing effects on phagotrophic protozoans, rather Daphnia seemed to stimulate bacterial growth by supplying substrates for that growth. The results of the present study suggest that Daphnia reduces sinking flux, not only by direct grazing, but also by the channelling of particulate organic carbon into dissolved forms that are then available for bacterial growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1770.2002.00198.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of food density on respiration rate of two crustacean plankters, Daphnia galeata and Bosmina longirostris (1990)
    Springer
    Oecologia 82 (1990), S. 362-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Respiration rate ; Daphnia ; Bosmina ; Food concentration ; Specific dynamic action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The influence of food density on respiration rate was measured for two cladoceran plankton species, Daphnia galeata and Bosmina longirostris, over the range 0 to 2.5 mg C 1-1, using the modified Winkler technique in order to examine how this affects the respiration rate and whether the functional response is the same in the two species. The respiration rate for animals of equivalent body size did not differ significantly between the two species in the absence of food, but was significantly lower in Bosmina longirostris than Daphnia galeata at high food density. Within a species, the response of respiration rate to changing food density did not differ among individuals of different body size. The respiration rate of D. galeata increased with increasing food density and reached a plateau at a high food density. A similar response curve was also found with the respiration rate of B. longirostris, although the response was less conspicuous. This response curve cannot be explained by the energy cost of known feeding behavior in cladocerans. Since the respiration rate related linearly with the assimilation rate, increase in food density seemed to increase the respiration rate by increasing the energetic cost required to process food biochemically, known as specific dynamic action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317484
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