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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of lateral cracks and plastic zones (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 3983-3989 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A computational method is developed for analyzing interactions between near-surface lateral cracks and residual stresses due to localized plastic zones. The latter are approximated as either prismatic or shear dislocation dipole pairs. Two-dimensional plane-strain conditions are assumed. A complete linear elastic solution is obtained using half-space dislocations for the dipole pairs and for the dislocation distribution function that accounts for the stress-free crack surface boundary condition. The crack-tip stress intensity factors show that mode-II driving forces are important for both prismatic and shear zones. The tendency for crack deflection to the free surface derived from energy release rates is complex. The dipole representation results do not provide a simple rationalization for lateral crack chipping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346260
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and characterization of Bi12(Si1−xTix)O20 mixed crystals (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 7872-7876 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Crystal growth of a sillenite structure with a composition of Bi12(Si1−xTix)O20 and the corresponding optical characteristics have been systematically examined. The incongruent melting materials Bi12TiO20(BTO) have been observed to form a solid solution with congruent melting materials Bi12SiO20(BSO) for the whole range of the x value. The cutoff wavelength increases and the optical activity decreases linearly with BTO content in the crystals. The photorefractive effect is modified significantly due to the addition of BTO. The diffraction efficiency (η) of the photorefractive grating increases first with BTO content for x≤0.33 and saturates for a larger amount of BTO addition. The response speed is, however, promoted markedly for x≥0.48.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353938
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and ferroelectricity of epitaxial-like BaTiO3 films on single-crystal MgO, SrTiO3, and silicon substrates synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 6466-6471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The epitaxial-like BaTiO3 (BTO) films with good ferroelectricity are obtained both on (001)SrTiO3 (STO) single crystal and on CeO2 buffered silicon substrate by pulsed laser deposition. The deposition parameters need to be stringently controlled in order to grow BTO films with good crystallinity. The BTO films grown on YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO)/CeO2/STO substrates are epitaxial, as confirmed by rocking curve, φ scan, and wide-angle x-ray-diffraction techniques. The alignment of a and b axes of BTO films on YBCO/CeO2/Si substrate is, however, not as perfect as BTO film on YBCO/STO substrate. The BTO/YBCO/CeO2/Si films are only (00l) textured. The ferroelectric property measurement, using the YBCO layer as the base electrode material, shows that the remanent polarization Pr and coercive field Ec of the BTO/YBCO/CeO2/Si films (Pr=3.6 μC/cm2, Ec=11.1 kV/cm) are, however, as good as those of the BTO/YBCO/STO films (Pr=4.0 μC/cm2, Ec=12.5 kV/cm). © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359121
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular beam epitaxy regrowth using a thin In layer for surface passivation (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2549-2551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a molecular beam epitaxy regrowth technique using a thin In layer for surface passivation. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements show that an In layer as thin as a few tenths of an angstrom is adequate for the effective protection of the underlying III-V epilayers from carbon and oxygen contamination, while still providing exposure to the atmosphere. C–V depth profilings of the regrown pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (PHEMTs) reveal no significant residual charge carriers near the regrowth interface. The regrown PHEMTs with 1 μm gate length have a transconductance as high as 330 mS/mm and ft over 23 GHz. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113163
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photorefractive effect in Bi12SiO20:Cr crystals at 633 nm (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 1213-1215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pure and Cr2O3-doped Bi12SiO20 (BSO) single crystals have been successfully grown using Czochralski technique. Doping 30 ppm of Cr2O3 into BSO single crystals has lowered the transmittance and increased the photochromic effect of the materials significantly. Although the overall diffraction efficiency of photorefractive effect in response to 633 nm laser beam has not been increased, the intrinsic diffraction efficiency (ηi) and the response time constant (τ) have been improved markedly. The applicability of the BSO crystals in the red light regime is thus increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112074
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A MODIFIED GAUSS-NEWTON ALGORITHM AND NINETY-SIX WELL MICRO-TECHNIQUE FOR CALCULATING MPN USING EXCEL SPREADSHEETS (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 8 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Conventional most probable number (MPN) methods seek a calculated value for microbial concentration (Δ, mL-1) which induces the total binomial probability function (Ptotal) to approach its maximum limit. In fact, such techniques are the only statistically compelling procedures available for determining MPN when utilizing a small set of observations per dilution (e.g., n = 3–8). However, as n approaches a large value, statistical routines which assume a normal distribution might be applied to ascertain the MPN. With this in mind, we produce herein a modified Gauss-Newton “linearization” (curve fitting) algorithm for determining Δ (n = 96) from binomial micro-plate assays which are readily automated using 96-well micro-plate readers. This technique, an iterative protocol, is less cumbersome than many traditional MPN procedures and has certain advantages. Data derived from this method were not only close to MPN estimations using a direct technique based on the conventional maximum probability resolution (MPR) concept but also displayed more favorable chi-squared (X2) statistics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2000.tb00216.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF BACTERIAL PROTEIN EXTRACTION REAGENT COMBINED WITH SODIUM AZIDE ON THE DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 USING IMMUNOMAGNETIC-ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 12 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Immunomagnetic capture combined with electrochemiluminescent detection (IM-ECL) is a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms from food. Prior to ECL detection enriched samples are often heated to reduce the viability of pathogens. In this work, a number of cell-lysis reagents and biocides were examined as alternatives to the heat treatment step to decrease bacterial viability in enriched samples as well as to improve the IM-ECL detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. A combination of Bacterial Protein Extraction Reagent (B-PERTM), a nonionic detergent, and sodium azide (NaN3) decreased bacterial viability to below the level of detection (〈10 cells/mL) in ground beef enrichments and resulted in a 6-fold increase in the sensitivity of IM-ECL detection ofE. coli O157:H7.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2004.tb00054.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 FROM FOOD BY A MICROPLATE SANDWICH IMMUNOASSAY USING TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROMETRY (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 11 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been identified as a causative agent in outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome involving ground beef and apple cider. A microplate sandwich immunoassay for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 from food was developed utilizing time-resolved fluorometry. Biotin-labeled, polyclonal anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies immobilized on streptavidin-coated microtiter plates were used to capture the bacteria. The bound antigen-antibody complex was then detected using the same antibodies labeled with europium chelates. The effects of capture antibody concentrations, immobilization procedures, and addition of 0.1% Tween 20 to assay buffer were studied during assay development. The detection threshold for the assay developed is 103-104 CFU/mL. The optimized assay was further tested in ground beef and apple cider samples spiked with E. coli O157:H7. The detection limit was 〈 10 CFU/g of ground beef and 10 CFU/mL of apple cider with 6 h of enrichment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00035.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FACTORS AFFECTING THE BACTERIAL CAPTURE EFFICIENCY OF IMMUNO BEADS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN BEADS WITH DIFFERENT SIZE AND DENSITY (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 11 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Biotinylated anti E. coli O157 antibodies were linked to streptavidin coated magnetic and polystyrene beads of different sizes and densities. These beads were then used to capture cultured E. coli O157:H7. Complexes formed between fluorescein-conjugated anti E. coli O157 antibodies and urease-conjugated anti-fluorescein antibodies further labeled bead-captured bacteria. The extent of the bacterial capture was related to the signal intensity of a light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) that measured the pH changes associated with urease-catalyzed hydrolysis of urea. Under the conditions of applying the same amounts of biotinylated anti E. coli O157 antibody to beads, analyses of the capture kinetics indicated that heavier beads exhibited a better efficiency in capturing the target bacteria than that associated with the lighter beads of the same size. Furthermore, with the same density, larger bead diameters were more effective in capturing the bacteria. Since sedimentation volumes for the heavier and larger beads are greater than those of the lighter and smaller beads, more interactions with the target by the heavier and larger beads are expected. Consequently, the observation is in agreement with a hydrodynamic kinetic model that predicts the bacterial capture is controlled by the sedimentation motion of the beads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2003.tb00406.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A SIMPLE MAXIMUM PROBABILITY RESOLUTION ALGORITHM FOR MOST PROBABLE NUMBER ANALYSIS USING MICROSOFT EXCEL (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 9 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Traditional most probable number (MPN) methods are executed using one of two schemes. The direct maximum probability resolution (DMPR) technique involves calculating the binomial probability distribution array, P (= IIi Pi; i dilutions), as a function of cell density (A) and finding the value of δ which corresponds to the maximum in P (the MPN). Alternatively, indirect MPR methods seek the solution to a nonlinear equation, related to Pi, by altering δ. We describe herein a simple maximum probability resolution (SMPR) method of the second type which involves the repeated calculation (j cycles) of δj+1 by the addition of a term, related to the partial first derivative of Pi with respect to δ, to δj until the MPN (δfinal) is reached. Using this SMPR algorithm and comparing our results with a DMPR procedure (n = 5, 10, or 96; 10,000 points per Pi), another indirect computer-based MPR method (n = 10 or 96), or published MPN tables (n = 5) we found that there was agreement to 3–5 significant figures. The SMPR approach also outperformed all other computer-based MPR techniques tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.2001.tb00226.x
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