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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of 5α-reductase type 1 in the prostate of normal and castrated rats (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 105 (1996), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We immunohistochemically studied the localization of 5α-reductase type 1 in combination with androgen receptor (AR) expression in individual lobes of the prostates of intact and castrated rats. In the normal rat prostate, 5α-reductase was localized in the cytoplasm of most epithelial cells in the ventral, dorsal, and lateral type 1 (L1) lobes. Epithelial cells of lateral type 2 (L2) lobes were negative for 5α-reductase. AR was present in the nuclei of all epithelial and stromal cells throughout the prostate. The number of 5α-reductase-immunoreactive cells rapidly decreased in the ventral and L1 lobes after castration, whereas many positive cells remained in the dorsal lobe even at 4 weeks after castration. AR immunostaining was lost in the ventral, dorsal, and L1 lobes at 1 week after castration, but remained in the L2 lobe of 4-week-castrated rats. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry showed that 5α-reductase was exclusively localized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes and that there were no distinct structural differences between the positively and negatively stained epithelial cells. These findings suggested that the expression of 5α-reductase type 1 in the epithelial cell is heterogeneous within and among the individual lobes of the rat prostate, and does not correspond to AR expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01696149
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of prostaglandin F-producing cells in the liver (1999)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 112 (1999), S. 451-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Prostaglandin (PG) F synthase forms PGF2α and 9α, 11β-PGF2 from PGH2 and PGD2, respectively. PGH2 is synthesized from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase (COX) and then metabolized to various PGs and thromboxane by specific enzymes. PGD2 is synthesized from PGH2 by PGD synthase. To identify PGF2-producing cells in the rat liver, the occurrence and localization of PGF synthase and COX were studied with immunochemical and immunohistochemical techniques using anti-liver-type PGF synthase and anti-COX antibodies. In Western blot analyses, positive bands of liver-type PGF synthase and constitutive COX-1 were observed at positions approximately 37 kDa and 70–72 kDa, respectively. However, inducible COX-2 was not detected. In the immunohistochemical study, PGF synthase was present in the cytoplasm of the sinusoidal endothelial cells. COX-1 was present on the membranes of the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum of the endothelial cells and Kupffer cells. Double immunostaining for PGF synthase and COX-1 showed that both enzymes were present in the same endothelial cells. These results suggest that the main site of PGF2 synthesis in the liver is the sinusoidal endothelial cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050428
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid 5α-reductase type 1 immunolocalized in the anterior pituitary of intact and castrated male rats (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 359-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The localization of 5α-reductase was immunohistochemically studied in the anterior pituitary of male rats, using a polyclonal antibody against 5α-reductase rat type 1. The immunoreactive cells were concentrated in the central region and on the border of the intermediate lobe in the anterior pituitary, but not in the intermediate or posterior lobe. The immunoreaction was located mostly in the cytoplasm and occasionally in the cell nuclei. The immunoreactive cells showed alterations in size and number and in the intensity of the immunoreaction after gonadectomy. One week after castration, the cells became larger and the immunoreactivity increased. Two weeks after castration, the number of immunoreactive cells increased. Double immunostaining using anti-luteinizing hormone β-subunit or anti-follicle stimulating hormone β-subunit antibody revealed that most of the cells containing 5α-reductase were gonadotrophs. Electron microscopically, the immunoreactive cells showed lamelliform rough endoplasmic reticulum and a depletion of secretory granules 1 week after castration. One week later, the rough endoplasmic reticulum was developed and dilated and the number of secretory granules increased. These results suggest that 5α-reductase is located in the gonadotrophs of rat anterior pituitary and that it is involved in the feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion by androgens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050052
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid 5α-reductase type 1 immunolocalized in the anterior pituitary of intact and castrated male rats (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 359-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of 5α-reductase was immunohistochemically studied in the anterior pituitary of male rats, using a polyclonal antibody against 5α-reductase rat type 1. The immunoreactive cells were concentrated in the central region and on the border of the intermediate lobe in the anterior pituitary, but not in the intermediate or posterior lobe. The immunoreaction was located mostly in the cytoplasm and occasionally in the cell nuclei. The immunoreactive cells showed alterations in size and number and in the intensity of the immunoreaction after gonadectomy. One week after castration, the cells became larger and the immunoreactivity increased. Two weeks after castration, the number of immunoreactive cells increased. Double immunostaining using antiluteinizing hormone β-subunit or anti-follicle stimulating hormone β-subunit antibody revealed that most of the cells containing 5α-reductase were gonadotrophs. Electron microscopically, the immunoreactive cells showed lamelliform rough endoplasmic reticulum and a depletion of secretory granules 1 week after castration. One week later, the rough endoplasmic reticulum was developed and dilated and the number of secretory granules increased. These results suggest that 5α-reductase is located in the gonadotrophs of rat anterior pituitary and that it is involved in the feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion by androgens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473294
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid 5α-reductase type 1 immunolocalized in the adrenal gland of normal, gonadectomized, and sex hormone-supplemented rats (1998)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 109 (1998), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Steroid 5α-reductase in the rat adrenal gland is supposed to play a role in the catabolism of adrenal steroids. We showed immunohistochemically the cellular and subcellular localization of 5α-reductase in the rat adrenal gland, using a polyclonal antibody against 5α-reductase rat type 1. In the adrenal cortex, positive immunoreaction was found in the cells of the zonae fasciculata and reticularis but was absent in those of the zona glomerulosa. The positive staining was restricted to the cytoplasm but not to the nucleus, Golgi complexes or mitochondria. The staining intensity showed a marked change depending on the steroidal milieu. Gonadectomy for 6 weeks increased the immunoreaction, regardless of the sex. Testosterone replacement for the last 2 weeks considerably reduced the immunoreaction in 6-week-castrated males, and estradiol supplement for the last 2 weeks also resulted in the marked reduction of immunostaining in 6-week-gonadectomized females. In the adrenal medulla, the immunoreaction was localized in the supporting cells and the Schwann cells but not in the chromaffin cells. In these cells, the immunoreaction was not affected by steroidal treatments. These findings suggest that the expression of 5α-reductase in the rat adrenal cortex is regulated by sex hormones from the gonads, and the enzyme may participate in the conversion of adrenal steroids depending on the steroidal environment, although the functional significance of the enzyme in the adrenal medulla remains unclarified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050210
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study on the development of CRF-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 539-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF-neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Development, ontogenetic ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Appearance of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-containing neurons was studied in developing hypothalamus of the rat by use of antisera against rat- and ovine CRF. These neurons were first recognized in the lateral and paraventricular nuclei on days 15.5 and 16.5 of gestation, respectively, when antiserum against rat CRF was employed. Antiserum against ovine CRF revealed the cells two days later exclusively in the latter nucleus. In both nuclei, the neurons increased in number with development. The neurons in the paraventricular nucleus appeared to project their immunoreactive processes to the median eminence via the periventricular and lateral pathways. In the median eminence, the immunoreaction with antiserum to rat CRF was first recognized in its anterior portion in the form of dots on day 16.5 of gestation but as beaded fibers in the external layer on day 17.5; these structures increased in amount with development in rostro-caudal direction. Although antiserum to ovine CRF was less potent in immunostainability than antiserum to rat CRF, it also revealed the beaded fibers in the median eminence on day 17.5 of gestation. Since evidence is available that the paraventricular nucleus is involved in corticotropin release, it is concluded that, in rats, the hypothalamic regulatory mechanism controlling the release of corticotropin initially appears on days 16.5–17.5 of gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219870
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CRF-containing neurons of the rat hypothalamus (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 575-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF neurons ; Neurosecretory neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Colchicine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunoreactive CRF-neurons of the rat hypothalamus have been examined immunohistochemically employing anti-rat CRF serum. These neurons are confined to the paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial-lateral hypothalamic area, and suprachiasmatic nucleus, and are, respectively, also immunoreactive to anti-Met-enk, -alpha-MSH, and -VIP sera. Intraventricular administration of colchicine (50 μg/5 μl/rat) induces a dramatic enhancement of the immunostainability of the cell somata, and also accelerates the development of immunoreactivity of other stored peptides, especially in the paraventricular nucleus. The CRF-neurons respond to adrenalectomy by showing increased immunoreactivity and an increase in the number of cell bodies; in the dorsomedial-lateral area and suprachiasmatic nucleus, there is also an enhanced immunoreactivity for alpha-MSH and VIP, respectively. CRF-cells in the paraventricular nucleus become markedly hypertrophied, but do not show any enhanced immunoreactivity for Met-enk. Since the axons of the paraventricular neurons run to the median eminence, it is probable that they are involved with the endocrine control of hypophysial ACTH release. It is concluded that the CRF-containing neurons in rat hypothalamus consist of three types which are functionally and morphologically different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216347
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic appearance of somatostatin-containing nerve terminals in the median eminence of rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Ontogenesis ; Electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry ; Median eminence ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of immunoreactive (ir) somatostatin-containing nerve terminals in the rat median eminence (ME) has been examined electron-microscopically. Nerve fibers containing ir particles scattered throughout the axoplasm are first seen in the external layer of the ME on day 18.5 of gestation, and, on day 21.5 appear to terminate on the basement membrane of the perivascular space of the portal vessels. After birth, the fiber terminals contain several membrane-limited granules, which are labeled with ir PAP particles. Ultrathin, Epon-embedded sections of ME, treated by the protein A gold-labeling method for somatostatin, demonstrate positively labeled granules in the nerve fibers in the postnatal ME, but in the prenatal tissue, no specific gold-labeling is found. These findings show that, in the external layer of the ME, somatostatin storing occurs in the granules in the axonal terminals after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216512
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intragranular colocalization of arginine vasopressin and methionine-enkephalin-octapeptide in CRF-axons in the rat median eminence (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 497-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immuno-electron microscopy ; Triple-immunogold-labeling ; CRF axon terminal ; Median eminence ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural appearances of axonal terminals containing corticoliberin (CRF) were examined in the rat median eminence prepared by a freeze-drying procedure. Immunolabeling was performed by using 5-, 8-, or 15-nm gold-antibody complexes for CRF, arginine vasopressin (VP) and methionine-enkephalin-octapeptide (Enk-8), singly or in combination. In intact animals, the CRF-containing secretory granules were only slightly labeled with goldanti-VP or -Enk-8. In adrenalectomized rats, granules within single axons appeared to be labeled with all the immunogold complexes. This intragranular colocalization of the three antigens was confirmed by using three neighboring sections of the same axon terminals which were stained separately with each one of the antibodies and visualized with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. The granules labeled for CRF had decreased 9 days after adrenalectomy but had increased again by day 21, while those labeled for VP steadily increased after adrenalectomy. However, this did not correspond with the appearances of cell bodies in the paraventricular nucleus; the cell bodies labeled for both CRF and VP steadily increased in number and in stainability. By contrast, Enk-8 immunoreactivity in the axonal terminals and cell bodies was not affected by adrenalectomy. These findings suggest that although the three peptides could be released simultaneously from the axonal terminals, VP may play some special role in the expression of CRF activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217321
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic regulation of paraventricular arginine vasopressin-containing neurons by neuropeptide Y-containing monoaminergic neurons in rats (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 257 (1989), S. 269-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arginine vasopressin ; Neuropeptide Y ; Monoamine ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Immuno-electron microscopy ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synaptic regulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP)-containing neurons by neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing monoaminergic neurons was demonstrated in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. NPY and AVP were immunolabeled in the pre- and the post-embedding procedures, respectively, and monoaminergic fibers were marked by incorporating 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA), a false neurotransmitter. The immunoreaction for NPY was expressed by diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogen, and that for AVP by gold particles. The DAB chromogen was localized on the surface of the membrane structures, such as vesicles or mitochondria, and on the core of large cored vesicles. Gold particles were located on the core of the secretory granules within the AVP cell bodies and processes. The incorporated 5-OHDA was found as dense cores within small or large vesicular structures. From these data, three types of nerve terminals were discernible: NPY-containing monoaminergic, NPY-containing non-aminergic, and monoaminergic fibers. The AVP cell bodies appeared to have synaptic junctions formed by these nerve terminals as well as by the unlabeled nerve terminals which have small clear vesicles and large cored vesicles. These different types of nerve terminals were frequently observed in a closely apposed position on the same AVP cell bodies. The functional relationships of these three types of neuronal terminals are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261830
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