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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotransformation of codeine to morphine in freely suspended cells and immobilized cultures of Spirulina platensis (1999)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 15 (1999), S. 465-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Biotransformation ; codeine ; immobilization ; morphine ; Spirulina platensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Both freely suspended cells and immobilized cultures of Spirulina platensis, a blue-green alga, biotransformed exogenously fed codeine, an opium alkaloid, to morphine. The external addition of codeine to the culture medium did not affect the growth of S. platensis. Immobilization of Spirulina in a calcium alginate gel matrix was optimized by using 2% (w/v) sodium alginate and reducing the concentration of nutrients of Zarrouk's medium, which caused destabilization of the calcium alginate gel. The accumulation of morphine increased gradually and reached maxima of 330 μg 100 ml−1 culture at 105 h in freely suspended and 351 μg 100 ml−1 at 96 h in immobilized Spirulina cultures. Accumulation of morphine was detected only in the medium, whereas cells did not show accumulation. The immobilized Spirulina cultures showed marginally higher conversion of codeine to morphine over freely suspended cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008975901642
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  • 2
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    Anthropogenically Induced Shifts in N:P:Si Stoichiometry and Implications in Ganga River (2016)
    Libertas Academica
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-05
    Description: Human-induced N:P:Si imbalances and associated shifts in nutrient limitation in Ganga River remain relatively uncertain despite recent studies highlighting its importance. The goal of this watershed-scale study was to investigate the nutrient-limiting status of Ganga River, as influenced by atmospheric deposition (AD) and catchment runoff together with urban–industrial development. AD was highest in middle watershed, where AD of NO₃⁻ ranged from 10.56 to 28.93, AD of NH₄⁺ from 4.26 to 15.42, and AD of PO₄³⁻ from 1.82 to 2.94 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. The results showed that AD-coupled catchment runoff is an important factor, in addition to direct urban–industrial release, causing N:P:Si imbalances that lead to N over P limitation (N:P 〈 16:1) and Si over N limitation (Si:N 〈 1) in the river. The skewed N:P:Si ratios observed here may have important effects on phytoplankton/diatom growth and trophic cascades and consequently on river ecology. This study that forms the first report on changing atmosphere–land–water N:P:Si linkages suggests that the current policy on Ganga rejuvenation needs to focus more strongly on cross-domain drivers of stoichiometric imbalances and approaches to minimize them.
    Electronic ISSN: 1178-6221
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Libertas Academica
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  • 3
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    Anthropogenically Induced Shifts in N:P:Si Stoichiometry and Implications in Ganga River (2017)
    Libertas Academica
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-11
    Description: Human-induced N:P:Si imbalances and associated shifts in nutrient limitation in Ganga River remain relatively uncertain despite recent studies highlighting its importance. The goal of this watershed-scale study was to investigate the nutrient-limiting status of Ganga River, as influenced by atmospheric deposition (AD) and catchment runoff together with urban–industrial development. AD was highest in middle watershed, where AD of NO₃⁻ ranged from 10.56 to 28.93, AD of NH₄⁺ from 4.26 to 15.42, and AD of PO₄³⁻ from 1.82 to 2.94 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. The results showed that AD-coupled catchment runoff is an important factor, in addition to direct urban–industrial release, causing N:P:Si imbalances that lead to N over P limitation (N:P 〈 16:1) and Si over N limitation (Si:N 〈 1) in the river. The skewed N:P:Si ratios observed here may have important effects on phytoplankton/diatom growth and trophic cascades and consequently on river ecology. This study that forms the first report on changing atmosphere–land–water N:P:Si linkages suggests that the current policy on Ganga rejuvenation needs to focus more strongly on cross-domain drivers of stoichiometric imbalances and approaches to minimize them.
    Electronic ISSN: 1178-6221
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Libertas Academica
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