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  • 1
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    Bimodal phenotypic structure of two wild pearl millet samples collected in an agricultural area (1992)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0960-3115
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9710
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
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    Genetic structure of farmer-managed varieties in clonally-propagated crops (2011)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-6707
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-6857
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 3
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    Étude par chromatographie gazeuse de la variabilité des acides gras des graines de mil (1981)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-9673
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3778
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etude par chromatographie gazeuse de la variabilite des acides gras des graines de mil
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 204 (1981), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021-9673(00)81682-9
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal sensitivity of NAD-malate dehydrogenase isoforms from various Pennisetum ecotypes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plant Science 45 (1986), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-9452
    Keywords: NAD-malate dehydrogenase ; Pennisetum ; isoenzymes ; starch gel electrophoresis ; temperature
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-9452(86)90042-7
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme diversity in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 634-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Isoenzymes ; Evolution ; Domestication ; Biological structure ; Genetic distances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The survey of enzyme polymorphism in West African pearl millet cultivars reported by Tostain et al. 1987 has been extended to include populations from other regions of Africa and from India. The eight enzyme systems studied included: alcohol dehydrogenase, β-esterase, catalase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphoglucomutase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, and malate dehydrogenase. One-hundred-ninety-nine populations of millet were analyzed, including 74 populations studied earlier. No new enzyme diversity was observed. Intrapopulation diversity ranged from 70%–90% of the total diversity, depending on their regions of origin. Four principal groups were distinguished in the following decreasing order of diversity: early-maturing cultivars from West and East Africa, late — maturing cultivars from West and East Africa, cultivars from India, and cultivars from southern Africa. The early-maturing cultivars were distributed between two principal focal points from East Africa in the East to Mali in the West. In the center were found millets from Niger which were most diverse. Indian and southern African cultivars were distinct, with the former appearing relatively similar to those of Niger, and the latter somewhat similar to late-maturing cultivars from West Africa, a diverse group that included late-maturing cultivars from East Africa. Based on the results obtained, an evolutionary hypothesis proposed here includes: multiple domestications in the Sahel, creation of early-maturing cultivars and their migration eastwards to India plus a southwards migration to Sudanian zone, and creation of late-maturing cultivars and their migration simultaneously westwards, eastwards, and southwards to southern Africa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261235
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme diversity in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 188-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Isoenzymes ; Evolution ; Domestication ; Biological structure ; Genetic distances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Polymorphism in twelve genes coding for eight enzymes in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.): alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), catalases (CAT), β-esterases (EST), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases (GOT), malate dehydrogenases (MDH), 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenases (PGD), phosphoglucoisomerases (PGI) and phosphoglucomutases (PGM), was observed by electrophoresis on 74 cultivated samples and 8 wild samples from West Africa. Six genes: Est A, Adh A, Pgm A, Cat A, Pgi A, Pgd A contain 95% of the total variation. Principal component analyses and discriminant analyses of the 82 samples described by 46 allelic frequencies showed an almost complete separation into 3 groups: wilds, early maturing cultivars and late maturing cultivars. The early group has the highest enzyme diversity, with cultivated millets from Niger showing the most diversity. The high diversity of the early group and its extensive divergence from West-African wild millets suggest, firstly, the existence, elsewhere in Africa of other enzymatically different sources of wild millet, and secondly, the occurrence, prehistorically, of several different domestications. The late group of cultivars has the lowest variability and a relatively low coefficient of differentiation. This relatively homogeneous enzyme structure does not seem to be associated to ecology. A hypothesis is advanced suggesting that West African late-cultivars were derived from a common cultivated early complex. This complex must have been distributed across the Sudanian zone and must have been later sumitted to modifications by limited gene flow with local early maturing cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289967
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme diversity in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 83 (1992), S. 733-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Isoenzymes ; Wild pearl millet ; Pennisetumglaucum ; Domestication ; Genetic distances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary One hundred and eighty-eight accessions of wild millet, Pennisetum glaucum L. subsp. monodii [syn. P. violaceum (Lam.). L. Rich], representative of the species' geographic distribution, were studied by electrophoresis for polymorphism in eight enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), catalase (CAT), β-esterase (EST), glutamate oxalo acetate transaminase (GOT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), and phosphoglucomutase (PGM). The frequencies of 46 alleles at 12 loci controlling the eight enzyme systems were analyzed by principal component analysis and confirmed by discriminant analysis. A pattern of enzymic variation corresponding to geographical zonation in five groups was discerned: Western Group (Senegal, Mauritania, western Mali), Central Group (eastern Mali and Niger), Aïr Group (Aïr Mountains of Niger), West Chad Group, and Darfur Group (encompassing eastern Chad and western Sudan). Nei's diversities varied from 0.161±0.010 in the Aïr Group to 0.243±0.004 in the Central Group. Comparison with Sahelian cultivated millet showed clear-cut divergence between populations of wild and cultivated millet in each region, even where they grow sympatrically. Cultivated and wild millet equal total Nei's diversity, but their locus by locus diversities are different. Wild millet, particularly populations growing far from the crop (allopatric wild accessions), is the most diverse for Got A, Pgd A, and Cat A, whereas cultivated millets are the most diverse for Pgm A and Pgi A. Allopatric wild millet populations are more divergent from cultivated populations than sympatric wild millets. The cultivated millets closest to wild millet were from western Mali, with the most remote in the Darfur Group. Based on these results, the process of pearl millet domestication is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226692
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bimodal phenotypic structure of two wild pearl millet samples collected in an agricultural area (1992)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 1 (1992), S. 170-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: population genetics ; migration ; gene flow ; reproductive barrier ; African Sahel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of botanical and ecological characters, pearl millet species have been separated into three subspecies:Pennisetum americanum subsp. americanum, cultivated form,P. americanum subsp. monodii, wild form andP. americanum subsp. stenostachyum, weedy form. It has been shown, by enzyme electrophoresis, that these three forms could be discriminated between by their respective enzyme composition even in agricultural areas where they co-exist. Morphological and enzyme analyses of two seed samples collected from monodii plants growing in an agricultural area has shown that the monodii form is not isolated from cultivated plants in its reproduction. The proportion of seeds descending from a cultivated pollen is estimated respectively at 31% and 19%. However, Brunken's typology is corroborated: both samples comprise the two distinct groups of monodii and stenostachyum. This dichotomy is due to the pollen population structure having generated the analysed seeds. Detailedin situ observations on sympatric wild and cultivated populations are essential to explain the absence of recombinant monodii × cultivated pollens and the preservation of monodii millets in spite of their invasion by cultivated pollens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695914
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of reproductive isolation between pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) and P. ramosum, P. schweinfurthii, P. squamulatum, Cenchrus ciliaris (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 93 (1997), S. 97-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: interspecific hybridization ; post-zygotic abortion ; embryo rescue ; amphiploidy ; somatic embryogenesis ; RAPD ; Pennisetum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Crosses between pearl millet lines and Pennisetum ramosum, P. schweinfurthii, P. squamulatum or Cenchrus ciliaris were observed for the frequency and development of zygotes, the possibility of embryo rescue, and the fertility of F1 hybrids obtained. Eight per cent of the ovules from diploid millet × P. ramosum crosses showed small embryos which could not be rescued. However, 59% of the ovules from tetraploid millet × P. ramosum crosses showed well-developed embryos that were easy to rescue 14 days after pollination. F1 hybrids were male sterile but female fertile when pollinated by diploid millet. Both diploid and tetraploid millet ovules showed the presence of hybrid zygotes after pollination with P. schweinfurthii at rates ranging from 25% to 45%. The diploid millet× P. schweinfurthii hybrid zygotes often developed almost normal seeds giving, without embryo rescue, totally sterile plants. The tetraploid millet × P. schweinfurthii hybrid embryos were normal but the endosperm was severely defective. A hybrid obtained by embryo rescue was totally sterile. A diploid millet-P. schweinfurthii amphidiploid was obtained by somatic embryogenesis associated with colchicine treatment during callogenesis. This amphiploid plant was male sterile, but gave many seeds when pollinated by a tetraploid millet and few seeds when pollinated by a diploid millet. P. squamulatum pollinating diploid millets produced proembryos with large undifferentiated endosperms in 73% of the ovules. A normal seed set was observed on tetraploid millets pollinated by P. squamulatum and the resulting F1 hybrids were partially male and female fertile. Backcrosses of these hybrids were much more fertile when pollination was from a tetraploid millet rather than from a diploid millet. C. ciliaris pollinating a diploid millet showed, in 60% of the ovules, proembryos and endosperms similar to those observed with P. squamulatum and no hybrid could be rescued. Crosses with a tetraploid millet could not be attempted due to the pistil-pollen incompatibility of tetraploid millets available with C. ciliaris. Ploidy levels of mating partners do not seem to influence pistil-pollen compatibility, but play a major role in post-zygotic abortion. With adequate ploidy levels of parents, and embryo rescue, it seems that the pearl millet gene pool can be considerably enlarged by germplasm from many other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002991721159
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