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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of brush border fragments from homogenates of rat and rabbit kidney cortex
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 51 (1968), S. 123-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(68)90163-8
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of S^3^5-p-Toluene sulphonic anhydride (tosan) of high specific activity
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    The @International Journal Of Applied Radiation And Isotopes 16 (1965), S. 413-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-708X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0020-708X(65)90044-X
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercellular communication in smooth muscle (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 932-941 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Gap junctions ; intercellular junctions ; field coupling ; canine colon ; dye coupling ; electrical coupling ; metabolic coupling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The functioning of a group of cells as a tissue depends on intercellular communication; an example is the spread of action potentials through intestinal tissue resulting in synchronized contraction. Recent evidence for cell heterogeneity within smooth muscle tissues has renewed research into cell coupling.Electrical coupling is essential for propagation of action potentials in gastrointestinal smooth muscle.Metabolic coupling may be involved in generation of pacemaker activity. This review deals with the role of cell coupling in tissue function and some of the issues discussed are the relationship between electrical synchronization and gap junctions, metabolic coupling, and the role of interstitial cells of Cajal in coupling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01919140
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prostaglandin H synthase immunoreactivity localized by immunoperoxidase technique (PAP) in the small intestine and kidney of rabbit and guinea-pig (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1990), S. 363-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prostaglandins and inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis have striking regulatory effects on intestinal muscularis externa. We suggested earlier that a population of macrophage-like cells, located between the external muscle layers might release prostaglandins with a local effect on enveloping interstitial cells of Cajal, postulated pacemaker cells of the gut. To determine cellular production site(s) of prostaglandin we applied monoclonal antibodies against prostaglandin H synthase combined with the PAP technique to sections of rabbit and guinea-pig small intestine and kidney. In rabbit small intestine muscle cells in the circular muscle layer and in the muscularis mucosae were positive, longitudinal muscle negative. Vascular endothelial cells and serosal mesothelial cells were stained. In guinea-pig all muscle layers were unstained but endothelial and mesothelial cells were stained together with unidentified cells in the outermost submucosa. In rabbit kidney, positive staining of collecting ducts, interstitial cells, the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule and arterial endothelial cells was present. Furthermore, we found prostaglandin synthase antigenicity in the epithelial cells lining the loop of Henle, not described before. In guinea-pig medullary collecting ducts were stained and the papilla was lined by stained epithelial cells. The results show a species variation in the distribution of recognizable levels of prostaglandin H synthase. The impressive reaction in the mesothelium must be considered, when enzyme distribution is examined biochemically with fractionated tissue. Our findings do not support our hypothesis that macrophage-like cells are more potent sources of prostaglandins than smooth muscle cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315852
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopical observations on the brush border of proximal tubule cells of mammalian kidney (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 473-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Renal proximal tubule ; Surface structure of plasma membrane ; Actin-like filaments ; Microvilli ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the plasma membrane and the core of microvilli of proximal tubule cells has been investigated by electron microscopy using sectioned and negatively stained material. By the technique of negative staining, a particulated coat is disclosed on the outside of the plasma membrane of microvilli of brush borders isolated from rat, rabbit and ox. This coat is composed of 30 to 60 Å particles and is 150 to 300 Å thick and appears to be a distinguishing feature for the luminal plasma membrane (brush border) of proximal tubule cells. The plasma membrane of the basal part of tubule cells is found to be smooth. By thin sectioning, an axial bundle of 50 to 70 Å diameter filaments regularly arranged in an “1+6 configuration”, one axially located filament being surrounded by a ring of six, is disclosed. The distance from the ring of filaments to the inner surface of the plasma membrane is 250–300 Å, the diameter of the ring 300 Å and the center-to-center distance between filaments 120 Å. Negative staining also discloses 60 Å filaments in microvilli of isolated brush borders. Broken off, single microvilli (fingerstalls) are observed with thin filaments projecting from their broken ends. Filaments up to 1 μ in length are seen. At high magnification, the filaments appear beaded and show strong resemblance with actin filaments isolated from skeletal muscle. Based on present evidence, it is postulated that microvilli constituting renal brush borders possess contractile properties, which may play a role in the absorption process operating at the luminal part of the cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306637
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrophage-like cells in muscularis externa of mouse small intestine: Immunohistochemical localization of F4/80, M1/70, and Ia-antigen (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 252 (1988), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: F4/80 ; M1/70 ; Ia ; Macrophage ; Smallintestine ; Liver ; Spleen ; Mouse (Balb/c)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Macrophage-like cells (MLC) in mouse small intestine are situated in the muscularis externa in the subserosal layer at the level of Auerbach's plexus, and at the level of the deep muscular plexus. By combined labelling with FITC-dextran and immunohistochemical techniques, the MLC were shown to express the macrophage markers F4/ 80 and M1/70.15. The MLC appeared to be constitutively IE-antigen-positive, but did not contain lysozyme. It is suggested that MLC, like Langerhans cells, belong to a specialized class of cells in the mononuclear phagocyte system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214372
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of a gap junction protein (connexin43) in the muscularis externa of murine, canine, and human intestine (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 249-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Connexin43 ; Gap junction ; Muscularis externa ; Intestine ; Coronary artery ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse ; Dog ; Man ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electron-microscopic studies have revealed a heterogeneous distribution of gap junctions in the muscularis externa of mammalian intestines. This heterogeneity is observed at four different levels: among species; between small and large intestines; between longitudinal and circular muscle layers; and between subdivisions of the circular muscle layer. We correlated results obtained with two immunomethods, using an antibody to the known gap-junctional protein (connexin43) with ultrastructural findings, and further evaluated the respective sensitivity of these two approaches. For comparative reasons we also included the vascular smooth muscle of coronary arteries into our study. Two versions of the immunotechnique (peroxidase-antiperoxidase and fluorescence methods) were applied to frozen sections of murine, canine, and human small and large intestines, as well as to pig coronary artery. In the small intestine of all three species a very strong reactivity marked the outer main division of the circular muscle layer, while the longitudinal muscle layer as well as the inner thin division of the circular muscle layer were negative. In murine and human colon both muscle layers were negative, while in canine colon the border layer between the circular muscle and the submucosa reacted strongly, and scattered activity was found in the portion of the circular muscle layer (one tenth of its thickness) closest to the submucosa. The remainder of the circular muscle layer and the entire longitudinal muscle layer were negative in the canine colon. In the coronary artery we could not confirm the positive, specific labeling reported by other investigators (l.c.). In conclusion, we found close correlations at all four above-mentioned levels in the distribution of gap junctions in the gut musculature, as determined by binding of anticonnexin43 in comparison to conventional ultrastructural studies. Since no significant immunostaining was found in (i) the outer border of the circular muscle layer of the canine colon and (ii) the border layer between the submucosa and the circular muscle layer of human colon, where rare gap junctions have been identified at the ultrastructural level, we conclude that the electron-microscopic analysis is the more sensitive of the two methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318744
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Op/op mice defective in production of functional colony-stimulating factor-1 lack macrophages in muscularis externa of the small intestine (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 485-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Interstitial cells of Cajal ; F4/80 ; CSF-1 ; Kit-receptor ; Mouse (op/op)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The osteopetrotic (op/op) mutant mouse possesses an inactivating mutation in the colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) gene, which results in the absence of certain macrophages and in osteopetrosis, following a lack of osteoclasts. Studies of the op/op mouse indicate that CSF-1-dependent tissue macrophages may belong to a trophic and/or scavenger subpopulation, which through their effect on other cell types can significantly affect tissue functions, and that cells which are CSF-1 independent have antigen presentation and immunological functions.We have previously identified a cell system of regularly distributed macrophages in the muscularis externa of the small intestine and wanted to extend these studies to the op/op mouse.The present investigations with light- and electron-microscopic methods using fluorescent dextran, methylene blue and immunohistochemistry (F4/80, anti-kit receptor, anti-CD3, anti-CD45R/B220) show that macrophages are absent from the muscle layers, with only an occasional macrophage present in the subserosa. In the lamina propria and submucosa, macrophage numbers are reduced. In all other respects the muscularis externa appears normal, including normal organization and number of interstitial cells of Cajal. Control and op/op mice both lack cells expressing CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD45R/B220 (B lymphocytes) and mast cells in the muscularis externa. This leaves the muscularis externa macrophages as the most likely source of local cytokine production under such conditions as postoperative ileus and intussusception in infants, where the muscularis externa appears to be one target of cytokines. We conclude that the lack of macrophages, combined with the preservation of otherwise normal structure, will make the op/op mouse a valuable model by which to assess the functions and relative importance of the muscularis externa macrophages in relation to intestinal motility under normal and pathological conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051254
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  • 9
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    Electron microscopical observations on the brush border of proximal tubule cells of mammalian kidney (1972)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1972-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Immunohistochemical localization of a gap junction protein (connexin43) in the muscularis externa of murine, canine, and human intestine (1993)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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