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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA sequence organization in the pea genome (1978)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 17 (1978), S. 5781-5790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00619a027
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deoxyribonucleic acid sequence organization in the mung bean genome (1979)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 18 (1979), S. 5259-5266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00590a034
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the Mitochondrial Genome in the Chrysophyte Alga Ochromonas danica (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 38 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Analysis of total DNA isolated from the Chrysophyte alga Ochromonas danica revealed, in addition to nuclear DNA, two genomes present as numerous copies per cell. The larger genome (˜120 kilobase pairs or kbp) is the plastid DNA, which is identified by its hybridization to plasmids containing sequences for the photosynthesis genes rbcL, psbA, and psbC. The smaller genome (40 kbp) is the mitochondrial genome as identified by its hybridization with plasmids containing gene sequences of plant cytochrome oxidase subunits I and II. Both the 120- and 40-kbp genomes contain genes for the small and large subunits of rDNA. The mitochondrial genome is linear with terminal inverted repeats of about 1.6 kbp. Two other morphologically similar species were examined, Ochromonas minuta and Poteriochromonas malhamensis. All three species have linear mitochondrial DNA of 40 kbp. Comparisons of endonuclease restriction-fragment patterns of the mitochondrial and chloroplast DNAs as well as those of their nuclear rDNA repeats failed to reveal any fragment shared by any two of the species. Likewise, no common fragment size was detected by hybridization with plasmids containing heterologous DNA or with total mitochondrial DNA of O. danica; these observations support the taxonomic assignment of these three organisms to different species. The Ochromonas mitochondrial genomes are the first identified in the chlorophyll a/c group of algae. Combining these results with electron microscopic observations of putative mitochondrial genomes reported for other chromophytes and published molecular studies of other algal groups suggests that all classes of eukaryote algae may have mitochondrial genomes 〈 100 kbp in size, more like other protistans than land plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1991.tb06032.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Individual members of the light-harvesting complex II chlorophyll a/b-binding protein gene family in pea (Pisum sativum) show differential responses to ultraviolet-B radiation (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 103 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Light-harvesting complex II chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (Lhcb) mRNA levels are differentially affected by ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-320 nm) at different stages of development of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Feltham first) seedlings. Addition of UV-B radiation to the light periods of diurnal cycles of white light resulted in reduction of total Lhcb mRNAs in green leaves but a transient increase in etiolated buds. The aims of this study were to determine the stage during de-etiolation at which supplementary UV-B began to inhibit Lhcb gene expression, and to determine whether differential regulation of individual Lhcb genes could explain the differential response to supplementary UV-B at different developmental stages. All seven Lhcb mRNAs were shown to increase in etiolated buds transferred to a diurnal cycle with supplementary UV-B during the light periods, but were greatly reduced in green leaves given the same treatment. Therefore, the different responses of total Lhcb mRNA levels to UV-B radiation in green leaves and etiolated buds are not primarily due to the expression of different members of the Lhcb gene family at different developmental stages. However, the Lhcb genes could be divided into two groups based on their sensitivities to UV-B. Transcripts from the three genes, Lhcb1*2, Lhcb1*3 and Lhcb1*5, which were undetectable in dark-grown etiolated buds, exhibited stronger responses to supplementary UV-B in green leaves than the four genes, Lhcb1*1, Lhcb1*4, Lhcb2*1 and Lhcb3*1, which showed low levels of initial transcript accumulation in dark-grown etiolated buds. The effect of UV-B on Lhcb mRNA levels were, however, correlated with chlorophyll content, suggesting that the developmental stage of chloroplasts may be important in determining the responses of the Lhcb genes to supplementary UV-B radiation in pea seedlings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1030311.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chloroplast gene expression in lettuce grown under different irradiances (1989)
    Springer
    Planta 178 (1989), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chloroplast DNA ; Gene expression (light) ; Lactuca ; Light and gene expression ; Plastome copy number ; RNA transcripts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chloroplast DNA sequences have been used as hybridisation probes to measure the levels of RNA transcripts present in low- and high-light-grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants. The transcript levels for rbc L, psa A, psb A and rDNA are not different between these two light regimes. In contrast, transcript levels for atp BE and pet BD are increased in high-light as a proportion of the chloroplast RNA. Three days after transfer from low-light into high-light, increased transcript levels were found for atp BE, although no change was detected for the psa A or psb A transcripts. In addition, young plants in high-light contain twofold more chloroplast RNA per unit chlorophyll than do low-light plants of equivalent age. Therefore, in these young high-light plants the absolute transcript levels per unit chlorophyll are much greater. With increasing leaf age the RNA per chlorophyll becomes similar for both light conditions. These results are discussed in relation to the photoregulation of chloroplast-encoded gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392528
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the chlorophyll-a/b-protein multigene family in pea (Pisum sativum L.) (1992)
    Springer
    Planta 188 (1992), S. 190-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorophyll a/b protein ; Gene expression (Cab) ; Light and gene expression ; Light-harvesting complex (photosystem II) ; Multigene family (Cab) ; Pisum (Cab gene expression)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To measure transcript levels for individual members of the Cab (chlorophyll a/b protein) multigene family in pea under a range of developmental situations, we developed a system using cDNA synthesis, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and chemiluminescence detection. In order to design gene-specific PCR primers for all genes, a partial genomic clone for a fifth, Type I LHCII (light-harvesting complex of photosystem II) gene, Cab-9 The Cab-9 sequence appears in the Genbank/EMBL databases under the accession number M86906 , was isolated and sequenced. All seven known Cab genes in pea are expressed in light-grown buds and leaves, including several genes previously known only from genomic clones. There appear to be at least two groups of Cab genes in pea which differ in their response to light and development. The first group (consisting of Cab-8, AB96, Cab-215 and Cab-315) includes Type I, Type II and Type III genes, shows a relatively strong response to red light, and has bud transcript levels similar to or slightly higher than leaves. The second group, consisting of the Type I genes Cab-9, AB80 and AB66, shows little or no transcript accumulation 24 h after a red light pulse, and has higher transcript levels in leaves than in buds. Transcript levels for genes in this second group appear to be lower than those of the first group in all developmental situations examined. These data indicate that there has been an evolutionary divergence of the responses to light and development among the Type I LHCII genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216813
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytochrome control of RNA levels in developing pea and mung-bean leaves (1983)
    Springer
    Planta 158 (1983), S. 487-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorophyll a/b-binding protein ; Chloroplast DNA ; Phytochrome (RNA levels) ; RNA levels, light ; Pisum (light and RNA) ; Ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase ; Vigna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have examined phytochrome effects on the abundance of transcripts from several nuclear and chloroplast genes in buds of dark-grown pea seedlings and primary leaves of dark-grown mung-bean seedlings. Probes for nuclear-coded RNAs were selected from a library of cDNA clones and included those corresponding to the small subunit (SS) of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase and a chlorophyll a/b binding protein (AB). Transcripts from chloroplast genes for RuBP carboxylase large subunit (LS) and a 32,000-dalton photosystem II polypeptide (PII) were assayed with cloned fragments of the chloroplast genome. In addition, we present data on transcripts from a number of other nuclear genes of unknown function, several of which change in abundance during light-induced development. Transcript levels were measured as a proportion of total RNA by a dot blot assay in which RNA from different tissues or stages is fixed to nitrocellulose and hybridized with 32P-labeled probes prepared from cloned DNAs. Several patterns of induction can be seen. For example, although both SS and AB RNAs show positive, red/far-red reversible responses in both pea and mung bean, in pea buds the induction ratio for SS RNA is much higher than that for AB RNA, while just the reverse is true for mung-bean leaves. In addition, treatment with lowfluence red light produces full induction of the pea AB RNA, while SS RNA in the same tissue does not reach a maximum steady-state level until after about 24 h of supplementary high-intensity white light. In pea buds, chloroplast genes (LS, PII) also show clear responses to phytochrome, as measured by the steady-state levels of their RNA products. Chloroplast DNA levels (as a fraction of the total cellular DNA) show the same response pattern, which may indicate that in peas many of the light effects we see are related to a general stimulation of chloroplast development. In mung beans, the levels of plastid DNA and RNA are already quite high in the leaves of 7-d dark-grown seedlings, and light effects are much less pronounced. The results are consistent with the notion that chloroplast development is arrested at a later stage in dark-grown mung-bean leaves than in etiolated pea buds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397240
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on DNA sequences in the Osmundaceae (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 13 (1979), S. 215-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: DNA hybridization ; Repetitive and single copy sequence ; Reiteration and divergence ; Evolutionary rates ; Phylogeny of Osmunda
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Phylogenetic relationships ofOsmunda cinnamomea, O. claytoniana, andO. regalis were explored by means of DNA sequence comparisons. Hydroxyapatite thermal elution profiles of self-reassociated repetitive DNA fragments were very similar, indicating the absence of gross differences in the amount of recent amplification or addition of repetitive DNA in any of these three genomes. Interspecific DNA sequence comparisons showed, in contrast to our earlier interpretation, that repeated DNA sequences ofO. claytoniana are nearly equally diverged from those ofO. cinnamomea andO. regalis. Differences between repetitive sequences of the three species can be interpreted as reflecting amplification events which occurred subsequent to speciation. The data obtained suggest that the threeOsmunda species most likely arose more or less simultaneously from a common ancestor. These findings were verified in experiments with tracer DNA preparations enriched for single copy sequences. On the basis of the hybridization data presented here and of the fossil record, the rate of single copy sequence divergence in the ferns is comparable to that in the primates, although slower than that observed in other animal taxa. From this first evaluation of rates of DNA evolution in plants it would seem that the rates for plants and animals are roughly comparable. The evidence suggests that species divergence is accompanied by further reiteration of preexisting repeat sequences. The rate of addition of repetitive sequences probably is slower in ferns than in angiosperms. This difference might be attributable to the much larger effective generation time in ferns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01739481
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ancient repeated sequences in the pea and mung bean genomes and implications for genome evolution (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 17 (1981), S. 31-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Pea ; Mung bean ; Genome organization ; Evolution ; Amplification ; Repetitive DNA ; Single copy DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Essentially all of the sequences in the pea (Pisum sativum) genome which reassociate with single copy kinetics at standard (Tm -25°C) criterion follow repetitive kinetics at lower temperatures (about Tm-35°C). Analysis of thermal stability profiles for presumptive single copy duplexes show that they contain substantial mismatch even when formed at standard criterion. Thus most of the sequences in the pea genome which are conventionally defined as “single copy” are actually “fossil repeats” — that is, they are members of extensively diverged (mutuated) and thus presumably ancient families of repeated sequences. Coding sequences as represented by a cDNA probe prepared from poly-somal poly(A) + mRNA reassociate with single copy kinetics regardless of criterion and do not form mismatched duplexes. The coding regions thus appear to be composed of true single copy sequences but they cannot represent more than a few percent of the pea genome. Ancient diverged repeats are present, but not a prominent feature of the smaller mung bean (Vigna radiata) genome. An extension of a simple evolutionary model is proposed in which these and other differences in genome organization are considered to reflect different rates of sequence amplification or genome turnover during evolution. The model accounts for some of the differences between typical plant and animal genomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01792422
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary sequence divergence within repeated DNA families of higher plant genomes (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 17 (1981), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Repeated DNA families ; Homogeneous and heterogeneous families ; Thermal denaturation of reassociated DNA ; First derivative analysis ; DeaminatedEscherichia coli DNA ; Sequence amplification and divergence ; Genome evolutionary mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An assay based on derivative analysis of thermal denaturation (melting) behavior of reassociated DNA was developed in an attempt to characterize the sequence relationships in repeated DNA families according to the homogeneous or heterogeneous models of Bendich and Anderson (1977). The validity of the technique was confirmed by the use of deaminatedEscherichia coli DNA models for repetitive families. The melting data for DNA reassociated at two different temperatures provided strong evidence thatPisum sativum repeated families are mostly heterogeneous, while homogeneous families predominate inVigna radiata. These findings, together with other differences between the two genomes, suggest that the rate of sequence amplification has been higher in the evolutionary history ofPisum DNA. A general trend seems to exist for high amplification rates in large, highly repetitive plant genomes such asPisum and lower rates in smaller plant genomes such asVigna, as well as in the generally smaller, less repetitive genomes of most animal species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732678
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