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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved accelerated initial stress procedure for elasto-plastic finite element analysis (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 8 (1984), S. 359-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: The most flexible and generally applicable methods for elasto-plastic analysis are those based on an incremental-iterative form of the initial stress approach, but such methods often exhibit slow convergence. The acceleration procedure known as the alpha-constant stiffness method is reconsidered and some modifications are proposed. The principal difference in the present approach lies in the use of a single acceleration parameter, rather than a diagonal matrix of acceleration coefficients. The new scheme shows a significant improvement in numerical stability and converges three times faster than the standard initial stress method. Some practical aspects associated with the method are discussed and a number of applications are presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610080405
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Are there new findings in the search for ULF magnetic precursors to earthquakes? (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: Moore (1964) in a letter published in Nature reported disturbances in geomagnetic field data prior to the 27 March 1964 Alaska earthquake. After the publication of this report, many papers have shown magnetic changes preceding earthquakes. However, a causal relationship between preearthquake magnetic changes and impending earthquakes has never been demonstrated. As a consequence, after 50 years, magnetic disturbances in the geomagnetic field are still candidate precursory phenomena. Some researchers consider the investigation of ultra low frequency (ULF: 0.001–10 Hz) magnetic data the correct approach for identifying precursory signatures of earthquakes. Other researchers, instead, have recently reviewed many published ULF magnetic changes that preceded earthquakes and have shown that these are not actual precursors. The recent studies by Currie and Waters (2014) and Han et al. (2014) aim to provide relevant new findings in the search for ULF magnetic precursory signals. However, in order to contribute to science, alleged precursors must be shown to be valid and reproducible by objective testing. Here we will briefly discuss the state of the art in the search for ULF magnetic precursors, paying special attention to the recent findings of Currie and Waters (2014) and Han et al. (2014). We do not see in these two reports significant evidence that may support the observation of precursory signatures of earthquakes in ULF magnetic records.
    Description: Published
    Description: 10289–10304
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Geomagnetic field ; Magnetic anomalies ; Earthquake precursors ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.03. Magnetospheric physics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    On the onset of ionospheric precursors 40 min before strong earthquakes (2015)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: Heki (2011) and Heki and Enomoto (2013) claimed that anomalous, yet similar, increases of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) started ~40 min prior to the 2011 Tohoku-Oki, as well as before other Mw〉8 earthquakes. The authors concluded that the reported TEC anomalies were likely related to the pending earthquakes, suggesting also that TEC monitoring may be useful for future earthquake prediction. Here we carefully examine the findings of Heki (2011) and Heki and Enomoto (2013) by performing new analyses of the same TEC data. Our interpretation is that the 40 min onset of the ionospheric precursors is an artifact induced by the definition of the reference line adopted in analyzing TEC variations. We also discuss this repeatability in the tectonic and geodynamic context of the earthquakes. By performing a Superimposed Epoch Analysis of TEC data, we show that, however, the TEC increase reported by Heki (2011) was not particularly anomalous. We conclude that the TEC precursors reported by Heki (2011) and Heki and Enomoto (2013) are not useful for developing short-term earthquake prediction capabilities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1383–1393
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Ionosphere ; Total Electron Content ; Earthquake precursors ; Short-term earthquake prediction ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Comment on “Temporal and spatial precursors in ionospheric total electron content of the 16 October 1999 Mw7.1 Hector Mine earthquake”, by Su et al. (2013) (2014)
    John Wiley & Sons
    In:  Su, Y. C., J. Y. Liu, S. P. Chen, H. F. Tsai, and M. Q. Chen (2013), Temporal and spatial precursors in ionospheric total electron content of the 16 October 1999Mw7.1 Hector Mine earthquake, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118,6511– 6517, doi:10.1002/jgra.50586.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We review the recent paper by Su et al. [2013]. Using Global Position System (GPS) and Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) data, Su et al. claimed to have found ionospheric precursors a few days before the 16 October 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake. They proposed that this type of analysis of ionospheric data may be useful for locating forthcoming large earthquakes. In this Comment, we reexamine these data and show that ionospheric anomalies reported by Su et al. were not precursors to the Hector Mine earthquake. Therefore, their proposed analysis is not useful in the context of earthquake prediction.
    Description: Published
    Description: 6994–6997
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Ionosphere ; Total Electron Content ; Earthquake precursors ; Short-term earthquake prediction ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    On a report that the 2012 M6:0 earthquake in Italy was predicted after seeing an unusual cloud formation (2015)
    Copernicus Publications
    In:  Guangmeng, G. and Jie, Y.: Three attempts of earthquake prediction with satellite cloud images, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 91–95, doi:10.5194/nhess-13-91-2013, 2013.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Several recently published reports have suggested that semi-stationary linear-cloud formations might be causally precursory to earthquakes.We examine the report of Guangmeng and Jie (2013), who claim to have predicted the 2012 M6:0 earthquake in the Po Valley of northern Italy after seeing a satellite photograph (a digital image) showing a linear-cloud formation over the eastern Apennine Mountains of central Italy. From inspection of 4 years of satellite images we find numerous examples of linear-cloud formations over Italy. A simple test shows no obvious statistical relationship between the occurrence of these cloud formations and earthquakes that occurred in and around Italy. All of the linearcloud formations we have identified in satellite images, including that which Guangmeng and Jie (2013) claim to have used to predict the 2012 earthquake, appear to be orographic – formed by the interaction of moisture-laden wind flowing over mountains. Guangmeng and Jie (2013) have not clearly stated how linear-cloud formations can be used to predict the size, location, and time of an earthquake, and they have not published an account of all of their predictions (including any unsuccessful predictions). We are skeptical of the validity of the claim by Guangmeng and Jie (2013) that they have managed to predict any earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1061–1068
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Earthquake precursors ; Clouds ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Comment on “Ultra low frequency (ULF) electromagnetic anomalies associated with large earthquakes in Java Island, Indonesia by using wavelet transform and detrended fluctuation analysis” by Febriani et al. (2014) (2016)
    Coipernicus Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We examine the recent report of Febriani et al. (2014) in which the authors show changes in ULF magnetic field data prior to the M7.5 Tasikmalaya earthquake that occurred south of Java, Indonesia, on 2 September 2009. Febriani et al. (2014) state that the magnetic changes they found may be related to the impending earthquake. We do not agree that the pre-earthquake magnetic changes shown in Febriani et al. (2014) are seismogenic. These magnetic changes, indeed, are too closely related to global geomagnetic disturbances to be regarded as being of seismic origin.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2697–2701
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geomagnetic field ; Magnetic anomalies ; Earthquake precursors ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.03. Magnetospheric physics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    On the relation between the seismic activity and the Hurst exponent of the geomagnetic field at the time of the 2000 Izu swarm (2013)
    Copernicus Publications
    In:  Hayakawa, M., Hattori, K., Nickolaenko, A. P., and Rabinowicz, L. M.: Relation between the energy of earthquake swarm and the Hurst exponent of random variations of the geomagnetic field, Phys. Chem. Earth, 29, 379–387, doi:10.1016/j.pce.2003.07.001, 2004.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Many papers document the observation of earthquake-related precursory signatures in geomagnetic field data. However, the significance of these findings is ambiguous because the authors did not adequately take into account that these signals could have been generated by other sources, and the seismogenic origin of these signals have not been validated by comparison with independent datasets. Thus, they are not reliable examples of magnetic disturbances induced by the seismic activity. Hayakawa et al.(2004) claim that at the time of the 2000 Izu swarm the Hurst exponent of the Ultra- Low-Frequency (ULF: 0.001–10 Hz) band of the geomagnetic field varied in accord with the energy released by the seismicity. The present paper demonstrates that the behaviour of the Hurst exponent was insufficiently investigated and also misinterpreted by the authors. We clearly show that during the Izu swarm the changes of the Hurst exponent were strongly related to the level of global geomagnetic activity and not to the increase of the local seismic activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2189-2194
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geomagnetic field,Magnetic anomalies, Earthquake precursors, Hurst exponent ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Comment on “Fractal analysis of ULF electromagnetic emissions in possible association with earthquakes in China” by Ida et al. (2012) (2013)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Ida et al. (2012) identified anomalous decreases in the fractal dimension of the vertical (Z) component of the geomagnetic field, which they interpreted as precursors to the China earthquake of 1 September 2003. According to Ida et al. (2012), short-term earthquake prediction seems to be possible only by using electromagnetic phenomena. Here, it is shown that the decreases of the fractal dimension documented by Ida et al. (2012) are not really anomalous, but they are part of the normal geomagnetic activity driven by solar-terrestrial interactions. As a consequence, these fractal dimension decreases are not related to the 1 September 2003 earthquake.
    Description: Published
    Description: 417-421
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geomagnetic field,Magnetic anomalies, Earthquake precursors ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Evidence of underground electric current generation during the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake: Real or instrumental? (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigate magnetic effects in correspondence of the Mw6.1 L’Aquila earthquake. Magnetic and seismic records are analyzed. Rapid and distinct changes and an offset can be seen in magnetic field components after the main shock. We show that these effects result from electromagnetic induction due to the movement of the sensors through the Earth’s magnetic field and from a permanent displacement of the sensors from their original position caused by the passing seismic waves. A transient signal in total field data from an overhauser magnetometer apparently occurs in correspondence with the earthquake. Our analysis shows that the transient was not observed by other sensors that were operating in close proximity to the overhauser. Thus, the transient signal in the total magnetic field data, and the offset in the magnetic field components, cannot be associated with a hypothetical underground electric current generated by the earthquake, as suggested by Nenovski (2015).
    Description: Published
    Description: 6153–6161
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake ; seismoelectric effect ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    A statistical study of global ionospheric map total electron content changes prior to occurrences of M ≥ 6.0 earthquakes during 2000-2014 (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: There are many reports on the occurrence of anomalous changes in the ionosphere prior to large earthquakes. However, whether or not these changes are reliable precursors that could be useful for earthquake prediction is controversial within the scientific community. To test a possible statistical relationship between ionospheric disturbances and earthquakes, we compare changes in the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere with occurrences of 1279 M≥ 6.0 earthquakes globally for 2000–2014. We use TEC data from the global ionosphere map (GIM) and an earthquake list declustered for aftershocks. For each earthquake, we look for anomalous changes in GIM-TEC within 2.5° latitude and 5.0° longitude of the earthquake location (the spatial resolution of GIM-TEC). Although case studies of individual earthquakes that used short periods of data sometimes yield GIM-TEC changes that were considered possible earthquakerelated phenomena, our analysis has not found any statistically significant changes prior to earthquakes when considering all 1279 earthquakes together. Thus, we have found no evidence that would suggest that monitoring changes in GIM-TEC might be useful for predicting earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2151–2161
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake precursors ; Short-term earthquake prediction ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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