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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 1653-1661 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The suppression of turbulence by mean flow shear is shown to apply to nonionized flows as well as plasmas. However, besides the criterion that the shearing rate exceed the turbulent decorrelation rate, there are three additional conditions. These stipulate that the shear flow must be stable, that turbulence must remain in the domain of flow shear for longer than an eddy turnover time, and that the dynamics should be two dimensional (2D). In nonionized flows, these conditions are not typically satisfied, explaining why shear suppression is not a familiar phenomenon in hydrodynamics. The three conditions are discussed in the context of nonionized and plasma flows. Two examples of suppression in nonionized flows are presented. One involves the formation of coherent structures in 2D Navier–Stokes turbulence and the other involves large-scale turbulence in the stratosphere. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 4787-4788 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Strong E×B flow shear occurs in the edge of three types of enhanced confinement discharge in the Madison Symmetric Torus [Dexter et al., Fusion Technol. 19, 131 (1991)] reversed-field pinch. Measurements in standard (low confinement) discharges indicate that global magnetic fluctuations drive particle and energy transport in the plasma core, while electrostatic fluctuations drive particle transport in the plasma edge. This paper explores possible contributions of E×B flow shear to the reduction of both the magnetic and electrostatic fluctuations and, thus, the improved confinement. In one case, shear in the E×B flow occurs when the edge plasma is biased. Biased discharges exhibit changes in the edge electrostatic fluctuations and improved particle confinement. In two other cases, the flow shear emerges (1) when auxiliary current is driven in the edge and (2) spontaneously, following sawtooth crashes. Both edge electrostatic and global magnetic fluctuations are reduced in these discharges, and both particle and energy confinement improve. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 4204-4215 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The two-dimensional stationary turbulence of magnetic field and density fluctuations coupled through the compressibility of parallel electron motion is shown to possess three distinct stationary states under driving of the magnetic field by the time-dependent thermal force and damping by resistivity and collisional diffusivity. The three states are the equipartitioned magnetic state that occurs when short-wavelength fluctuations interact principally through the long-wavelength magnetic field fluctuation, a magnetic energy-dominated state induced by the decorrelation of nonlinear interactions by strong diamagnetic rotation, and an internal energy-dominated state possible when the dissipation of the density is weaker than the resistive diffusion. The equipartitioned and internal energy-dominated states can occur for identical parameters, making the driven/damped turbulent steady state nonunique. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 3974-3985 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A nonlinear frequency shift in dissipative trapped electron mode turbulence is shown to give rise to a relaxation oscillation in the saturated power density spectrum. A simple non-Markovian closure for the coupled evolution of ion momentum and electron density response is developed to describe the oscillations. From solutions of a nonlinear oscillator model based on the closure, it is found that the oscillation is driven by the growth rate, as modified by the amplitude-dependent frequency shift, with inertia provided by the memory of the growth rate of prior amplitudes. This memory arises from time-history integrals common to statistical closures. The memory associated with a finite time of energy transfer between coupled spectrum components does not sustain the oscillation in the simple model. Solutions of the model agree qualitatively with the time-dependent numerical solutions of the original dissipative trapped electron model, yielding oscillations with the proper phase relationship between the fluctuation energy and the frequency shift, the proper evolution of the wave number spectrum shape and particle flux, and a realistic period. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 3318-3332 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A two-field model for collisionless trapped electron mode turbulence has both finite amplitude-induced stability and instability, depending on wave number. Effects usually identified with nonlinear plasma instability (self-trapping, kinetics, 3D mode structure, magnetic shear) are absent. Nonlinear stability and instability reside in E×B advection of density. It drives modes of a purely damped branch of the dispersion relation to finite amplitude and changes the rate at which free energy is released into the turbulence by shifting the density-potential cross phase. Analysis shows that modes of the purely damped branch cannot be ignored in saturation, and that the linear growth rate is a poor indicator of driving at finite amplitude, invalidating mixing length and quasilinear approximations. Using statistical closure theory, the nonlinear eigenmode and growth rate are determined from the saturation level of modes on all branches, stable and unstable, and the nonlinear cross phase that governs finite-amplitude instability. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2707-2721 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Inertial range energy transfer, decorrelation, and energy spectra are studied analytically and numerically for strongly anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence augmented by electron density evolution. The model is relevant to interstellar turbulence and magnetic turbulence in fusion devices. For long wavelengths (compared to the ion gyroradius), magnetic and kinetic energies are equipartitioned through interactions that decorrelate on the Alfvénic time scale. Internal energy transfer is governed by advection and decorrelates on the eddy turnover time scale. For short wavelengths, the roles of internal and kinetic energy reverse. Magnetic and internal energies are equipartitioned by the kinetic Alfvén interaction, while kinetic energy evolves under a decoupled fluid straining interaction. The spectral indices for magnetic, kinetic, and internal energies are −3/2, −3/2, and −7/4 for long wavelengths, and −2, −5/3, and −2 for short wavelengths. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 658-669 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The nonlinear particle transport arising from the convection of nonadiabatic electron density by ion-temperature-gradient-driven turbulence (i.e., ion-mixing mode particle transport) is examined for trapped electron collisionality regimes. The renormalized dissipative nonadiabatic trapped electron phase-space density response is derived and used, along with an ansatz for the turbulently broadened frequency spectrum, to calculate the nonlinear particle flux. In the lower-temperature end of this regime, trapped electrons are collisional and all components of the quasilinear particle flux are outward (i.e., in the direction of the gradients). Nonlinear effects can alter the phase between the nonadiabatic trapped electron phase-space density and the electrostatic potential, producing inward components in the particle flux. Specifically, both turbulent shifting of the peak of the frequency spectrum and nonlinear source terms in the trapped electron response can give rise to inward components. However, in the dissipative regime these terms are small, and the trapped electron response remains dominantly laminar. When the trapped electrons are collisionless, there is a temperature threshold above which the electron-temperature-gradient-driven component of the quasilinear particle flux changes sign and becomes inward. For finite-amplitude turbulence, however, turbulent broadening of both the electron collisional resonance and the frequency spectrum removes this threshold, and the temperature-gradient-driven component remains outward.
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 825-835 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A kinetic theory for the anomalous heating of ions from energy stored in magnetic turbulence is presented. Imposing self-consistency through the constitutive relations between particle distributions and fields, a turbulent Kirchhoff's Law is derived that expresses a direct connection between rates of ion heating and electron thermal transport. This connection arises from the kinematics of electron motion along turbulent fields, which results in granular structures in the electron distribution. The drag exerted on these structures through emission into collective modes mediates an effective ambipolar constraint on transport. Resonant damping of the collective modes by ions produces the heating. In collisionless plasmas the rate of ion damping controls the rate of emission, and hence the ambipolar-constrained electron heat flux. The heating rate is calculated for both a resonant and nonresonant magnetic fluctuation spectrum and compared with observations. The theoretical heating rate is sufficient to account for the observed twofold rise in ion temperature during sawtooth events in experimental discharges. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 2443-2453 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A drift-Alfvén magnetoturbulence model that augments reduced magnetohydrodynamics with evolution of electron density under parallel compression and fluid advection has been studied numerically. In the Alfvénic regime, measurement of spectral transfer rates, frequency spectra, energy partitions, and the ensemble-averaged turbulent response reveals both Alfvénic and hydrodynamic characteristics. The rms turbulent frequency is Alfvénic, the energies are equipartitioned, and there is a fast, Alfvén-time scale relaxation in the turbulent response. The mean frequency is hydrodynamic, with diamagnetic and eddy straining signatures, and there is an eddy straining decorrelation appearing as a distinct, long time scale branch in the turbulent response. The decay rates and relative fluctuation strengths associated with fast and slow time scale decorrelation are in good agreement with theoretical predictions that posit a Kolmogorov spectrum in the Alfvénic regime. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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