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  • 1
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    The effects of laterite and associated terrain components on PBMR response in HAPEX-Sahel (1997)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-1694
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2707
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    The Effects of Laterite and Associated Terrain Components on PBMR Response in HAPEX-Sahel (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: Terrain characteristics such as roughness and vegetation have been shown to significantly affect the interpretation of microwave brightness temperatures (T(B)s) for mapping soil moisture. This study, a part of the 1992 HAPEX-Sahel experiment (Hydrologic Atmospheric Pilot Experiment in the Sahel), aimed to determine the effects of laterite and associated terrain components (i.e. vegetation, soil, and exposed water bodies) on the T(B) response of the Pushbroom Microwave Radiometer (PBMR, L-band, 21 cm wavelength), using the NS001 Thematic Mapper Simulator data as a surrogate for ground data. Coincident PBMR and NS001 data acquired from the high altitude (about 1500 m) long transect flights were processed to obtain TBs and radiances, respectively. The transects covered a range of moisture conditions. For this preliminary evaluation, no atmospheric corrections were applied, and the data sets were aligned by matching the acquisition times of the data records. NS001 pixels (about 4 m) were averaged to approximate the resolution of the PBMR (about 450 m), before their flight line data were compared. The laterite plateaux were found to have a surprisingly strong effect on the PBMR T(B) response. T(B) variations along the flight line could largely be explained by a combination of density and dielectric properties of laterite. The effect of surface moisture was distinguishable from the laterite effect, with the distinction apparently related to the occurrence of ephemeral pools of water after rainfall. Model simulated T(B)s agreed reasonably well with the observed T(B)s.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes Research Publications; 67-68
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Preliminary analysis of the sensitivity of AIRSAR images to soil moisture variations (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images acquired from various sources such as Shuttle Imaging Radar B (SIR-B) and airborne SAR (AIRSAR) have been analyzed for signatures of soil moisture. The SIR-B measurements have shown a strong correlation between measurements of surface soil moisture (0-5 cm) and the radar backscattering coefficient sigma(sup o). The AIRSAR measurements, however, indicated a lower sensitivity. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the causes for this reduced sensitivity.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: JPL, Summaries of the 4th Annual JPL Airborne Geoscience Workshop. Volume 3: AIRSAR Workshop; p 45-48
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    AVHRR monitoring of U.S. crops during the 1988 drought (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Effects of the 1988 drought on crops in the U.S. Corn Belt were assessed and monitored by the Foreign Crop Condition Assessment Division (FCCAD), U.S. Department of Agriculture. The primary data were vegetation index numbers (VINs), each of which was calculated as an average vegetation index of a geographically referenced cell of AVHRR pixels. Using VINs, the FCCAD was able to detect the existence of drought early in the season, monitor changing conditions, and provide objective assessments of the drought's extent and severity. Field observations confirmed the image analyses, and underlined the importance of the timing of extreme weather events with respect to crop stages for interpreting VINs. The analyses were conducted in an operational environment, providing a unique test of the AVHRR data for large area, near real-time crop monitoring. Because large area, operational remote sensing of crops is quite different from traditional, controlled, small plot research studies, more work is needed to link the two; this would improve crop assessment capabilities.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0099-1112); 56; 1143-114
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    NASA GLDAS Evapotranspiration Data and Climatology (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Evapotranspiration (ET) is the water lost to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration. ET is a shared component in the energy and water budget, therefore, a critical variable for global energy and water cycle and climate change studies. However, direct ET measurements and data acquisition are difficult and expensive, especially at the global level. Therefore, modeling is one common alternative for estimating ET. With the goal to generate optimal fields of land surface states and fluxes, the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) has been generating quality-controlled, spatially and temporally consistent, terrestrial hydrologic data, including ET and other variables that affect evaporation and transpiration, such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, soil moisture, heat flux, and solar radiation. This poster presents the long-term ET climatology (mean and monthly), derived from the 61-year GLDAS-2 monthly 1.0 deg x 1.0 deg. NOAH model Experiment-1 data, and describes the basic characteristics of spatial and seasonal variations of the climatology. The time series of GLDAS-2 precipitation and radiation, and ET are also discussed to show the improvement of GLDAS-2 forcing data and model output over those from GLDAS-1.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC.CPR.6214.2012 , American Meteorological Society 2012 Annual Meeting; Jan 23, 2012 - Jan 26, 2012; New Orleans, LA; United States
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  • 6
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    Analysis of Water and Energy Budgets and Trends Using the NLDAS Monthly Data Sets (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) is a collaborative project between NASA GSFC, NOAA, Princeton University, and the University of Washington. NLDAS has created surface meteorological forcing data sets using the best-available observations and reanalyses. The forcing data sets are used to drive four separate land-surface models (LSMs), Mosaic, Noah, VIC, and SAC, to produce data sets of soil moisture, snow, runoff, and surface fluxes. NLDAS hourly data, accessible from the NASA GES DISC Hydrology Data Holdings Portal, http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/hydrology/data-holdings, are widely used by various user communities in modeling, research, and applications, such as drought and flood monitoring, watershed and water quality management, and case studies of extreme events. More information is available at http://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/. To further facilitate analysis of water and energy budgets and trends, NLDAS monthly data sets have been recently released by NASA GES DISC.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN6848 , American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting; Dec 09, 2012 - Dec 13, 2012; San Francisco, CA; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    NASA Giovanni Portals for NLDAS/GLDAS Online Visualization, Analysis, and Intercomparison (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) are generating a series of land surface forcing (e.g., precipitation, surface meteorology, and radiation), state (e.g., soil moisture and temperature, and snow), and flux (e.g., evaporation and sensible heat flux) products, simulated by several land surface models. To date, NLDAS and GLDAS have generated more than 30 (1979 - present) and 60 (1948 - present) years of data, respectively. To further facilitate data accessibility and utilization, three new portals in the NASA Giovanni system have been made available for NLDAS and GLDAS online visualization, analysis, and intercomparison.
    Keywords: Documentation and Information Science
    Type: GSFC.CPR.5791.2011 , 2011 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting; Dec 05, 2011 - Dec 09, 2011; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 8
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    Climate Change Impacts on North Dakota: Agriculture and Hydrology (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: North Dakota is one of the principal producers of agricultural commodities in the USA, including over half of the total spring wheat production. While the region includes some of the best agricultural lands in the world, the steep temperature and precipitation gradients also make it one of the most sensitive to climate change. Over the 20th century, both the temperature and the pattern of precipitation in the state have changed; one of the most dramatic examples of the consequences of this change is the Devils Lake flooding. In two studies, we estimated the climate change impacts on crop yields and on the hydrology of the Devils Lake basin. The projections of six GCMs, driven by three SRES scenarios were statistically downscaled for multiple locations throughout the state, for the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s climate. Averaged over all GCMs, there is a small increase in precipitation, by 0.6 - 1.1% in 2020s, 3.1 - 3.5% in 2050s, and 3.0 - 7.6% in 2080s. This change in precipitation varies with the seasons, with cold seasons becoming wetter and warm seasons not changing.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC.CPR.5810.2011 , American Geophysical Union 2011 Fall Meeting; Dec 05, 2011 - Dec 09, 2011; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 9
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    Assimilated Hydrological Data at NASA GES DISC with Examples of Extreme Events (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-24
    Description: Extreme weather and climate events, such as heavy rainfall, heatwave, floods and droughts, and strong wind, can have devastating impacts on society. NASA and NOAA, based on independent analyses, recently announced that global surface temperatures in 2018 are the fourth warmest since 1880, behind only those of 2016, 2017, and 2015 (nasa.gov). Also in 2018, the United States experienced 14 billion-dollar disasters, ranking as the fourth highest total number of such events, behind only the years 2017, 2011, and 2016 (climate.gov). Many research studies have focused on acquiring observational and modeling data, to reveal linkages between increasing extreme events, global water and energy cycle, and global climate change. However, draw conclusions is still a challenge. NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center is one of twelve NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) data centers that process, archive, document, and distribute data from Earth science missions and related projects. The GES DISC hosts a wide range of remotely-sensed and model data and provides reliable and robust data access and services to users worldwide. This presentation provides a few examples of extreme event study that use Land Surface Model (LSM) assimilated, quality-controlled, and spatially and temporally consistent, hydrological data from the GES DISC. Also provided is a summary table for the hydrological data holdings, along with discussions of recent updates to data and data services.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN71670 , Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS) Annual Meeting; Jul 28, 2019 - Aug 02, 2019; Singapore; Singapore
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Long Term Potential Evapotranspiration and Evapotranspiration Data and Services at NASA GES DISC (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-01
    Description: Recently, the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) has released global land 3-hourly Potential Evapotranspiration and Supporting Forcing Data Version-1 (PET_PU_3H025.001), at 0.25x0.25 degree spatial resolution, spanning the 23 year period from 1984 to 2006. The Version-2 will be released in the near future, covering longer time period. This dataset was generated by Professor Justin Sheffield through NASA Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) project. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a representation of the environmental demand for evapotranspiration (ET). ET and PET are important part of the global water cycle estimation, and are also critical to advance our understanding of the climate system. NASA GES DISC archives and distributes various global and regional ET datasets from several projects, for example, Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS), Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), other MEaSUREs Projects, such as Land Surface Atmospheric Boundary Interaction Product by William Rossow; and SRB/GEWEX evapotranspiration (Penman-Monteith) by Eric F. Wood. In this presentation, we will overview all available PET and ET datasets and services at GES DISC. As examples, climatology and some seasonal characteristics of PET and selected ET will be shown. The data can be accessed from NASA GES DISC (https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/) by searching keyword "evapotranspiration".
    Keywords: Geosciences (General)
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN76453 , AGU Fall Meeting; Dec 09, 2019 - Dec 13, 2019; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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