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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Specimens of Y 3-3-6 with x = 0.50 and 0.375 were synthesized from a precursor consisting of the atomically mixed citrates of Y, Ba and Cu. The precursor is prepared by individually dissolving copper and barium acetate and yttrium nitrate in water at ~30°C. The solutions are then mixed and an ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1989), S. 1165-1166 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 2613-2621 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Various thermal analysis studies were conducted to characterize metallic glasses. The methods used, namely differential scanning calorimetry, dilatometry, dynamic mechanical analysis and thermomagnetometry, are shown to be useful for studying thermally induced phenomena. Examples covered demonstrate the usefulness of thermal techniques in evaluating structural relaxation. Curie temperature, glass transition, and devitrification processes. A basis of understanding structural relaxation and the glass transition is discussed in terms of a diagram of enthalpy against temperature.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 693-699 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A drawn PET yarn was heat set (annealed) at temperatures between 110°C and 245°C in an unconstrained mode and the samples characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). A method for estimating the fiber orientation factor (α) is proposed using DMA and shown to be more sensitive than the crystalline orientation (x-ray diffraction) or total orientation (birefringence) measurements of the heat set yarns. The extension/shrinkage behavior of the heat set yarns has been discussed in the light of morphological changes, e.g., degree of orientation and the micro-crystallite formation. Unlike in the unconstrained mode, heat setting under constraint does not lead to the formation of micro-crystallites as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry. As a consequence, although the modulus and degree of orientation increase upon constrained annealing, the thermal stability, i.e., loss of orientation (reflected by shrinkage) could not be improved.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 435-437 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 135-145 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dielectric properties of Halar, a predominantly alternating 1 : 1 copolymer of ethylene (E) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), have been obtained as a function of temperature (-100 to +175°C), frequency (102-106 Hz), and thermal history. The dielectric loss index (ε″), related to heat dissipation in electrical applications, shows no major change between 25 and 175°C. However, a significant increase in (ε″) between +25°C and -100°C is not considered detrimental for the applications. Activation energies (δE) for the three major relaxations (α-, β-, and γ-) in both mechanical and dielectric experiments are similar, thus suggesting a similar phase origin of the molecular relaxations in the two techniques. In dielectric analysis, the lowest temperature γ-relaxation is the strongest while it is the weakest in mechanical technique. It is proposed that, in dielectric experiments, only the CTFE groups participate and due to restricted mobility at low temperatures (i.e., γ-relaxation), the dissipation factor or relaxation strength is maximum.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 27 (1987), S. 764-771 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A number of studies on the kinetics of physicochemical processes are described. The methods used are shown to be potentially useful for making time-temperature predictions and for optimizing process variables. Examples described include (1) the long-term prediction of the performance of a plasticized polyvinyl chloride and doped polyacetylenes; (2) the polymerization of a monomer and the optimization of time, temperature, and initiator concentration variables; (3) analysis of an order/disorder transition in a thermochromic polymer; (4) the crystallization of polymers and the effect of a nucleating agent; and (5) the crystallization of an amorphous metallic glass. The theoretical background, significance, scope, and limitations of these measurements are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) ; self-orientation ; anisotropic ; annealing ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A peculiar phenomenon is reported whereby a melt-extruded, low-crystallinity, unoriented film of poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) upon unconstrained thermal treatment, self-extends in the machine direction (MD) while shrinking along the transverse (TD) and normal/thickness (ND) directions. In addition to the expected increase in crystallinity, the annealing process leads to an unexpected development of crystalline orientation along the MD. This phenomenon is an example of “processing-induced memory effects” since it depends on the processing history of the starting film, e.g., melt-extrusion leads to the subject behavior whereas compression molding does not. We must mention that the melt-extruded films of poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) are isotropic to start with, that is, MD and TD are indistinguishable prior to the annealing process. Furthermore, this phenomenon has not been observed for any other semicrystalline polymer and is believed to be the first citation for poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) since its commercialization in 1957. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is the analytical technique that led to this novel phenomenon which was later substantiated by x-ray diffraction (XRD). ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 1042-1045 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Over the last four decades, numerous reports have appeared on the physico-chemical kinetics, especially crystallization kinetics, based on the Avrami equation, φ = exp [-Ktn] where φ is the fraction of material unchanged at time t, K is an overall rate constant and “n” is the Avrami exponent indicative of process mechanism. The usage of the Avrami equation has been limited to the determination of “n” and its temperature dependence. It is shown that the evaluation of K and the activation energy (E) using this equation is erroneous since K and E are both influenced by “n” although such would be unexpected from the Avrami equation. On the other hand, if one uses a modified expression, φ = exp[-Kt]n, then in addition to the value of “n”, correct values of K and E are obtained. This retains the original correspondence of the Avrami equation to nuclea-tion and crystal growth processes but extends its applicability to (i) correctly evaluate K and E parameters, and (ii) correctly compare transformation rates when the systems differ in their n values. Experimental data are presented to support these conclusions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 1034-1041 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new concept based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSG) is introduced which enables us to make a rapid estimation of the thermal conductivity of materials. This technique is shown to give reasonable agreement with the literature data and offers unique advantages, e.g. short analysis time, no instrument modification, small thermal radients across the sample, spall sample size requirements, and most importantly it can be applied to polymer melts. Although our data falls within the literature range, it is difficult to comment on its accuracy since the literature itself shows a wide variation. The precision of our measurements is better than ±20 percent which is considered adequate for thermal conductivity evaluation. As a matter of convenience, we have also presented briefly, a background of the thermal conductivity measuring techniques.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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