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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 9 (1970), S. 4322-4328 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 188 (1982), S. 513-518 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleotide sequence of the DNA encoding the traM, finP and the promoter proximal segment of the traJ gene of the F plasmid has been determined. The predicted amino acid sequence for the traM protein shows that this inner membrane protein contains no signal sequence. The promoters for both the traM and traJ genes have been mapped by in vitro transcription and nuclease SI protection experiments. No unambiguous location can be assigned to the finP gene but all candidates, if translated, would encode small proteins of between 24 and 52 amino acids.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 15 (1977), S. 11-17 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Haemodynamics ; Modelling ; Pulsatile flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The displacement relationships describing the deformation of an elastic vessel under excess internal pressure which are derived from different theories of elasticity are compared. The main result of the comparison is that theories which take account of the thickness of the wall of the vessel produce a significantly better representation than those theories which treat the wall as a membrane. The classical and statistical theories of thick-walled tubes result in complicated pressure-radius relationships. It is shown that there is little difference between the results of the more exact theories and those for a thin membrane corrected by means of a simple thickness factor. A review of the different theories is necessary to decide which pressure-displacement relationship to apply as an approximation for the elastic properties of arteries. An indication is given of the manner in which the relationship is used in numerical computations. In Part 2 the experimental determination of the pressure-radius relationship for a rubber tube is described. The results are in agreement with the conclusions of the comparison of theoretical treatments in Part 1.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 15 (1977), S. 18-21 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire On compare les relations entre les déplacements décrivant la déformation d'un vaisseau élastique sous une pression interne excessive qui sont dérivées des différentes théories de l'élasticité. La comparaison montre essentiellement que les théories qui tiennent compte de l'épaisseur de la paori du vaisseau donnent lieu à une meilleure représentation que les théories qui traitent la paroi de membrane, et ce résultat est significatif. Les théories classiques et statistiques concernant les tubes à paroi épaisse ont pour résultat des relations pression-rayon compliquées. On démontre qu'il y a peu de différence entre les résultats des théories plus exactes et ceux obtenus pour une membrane mince corrigés par simple coefficient d'épaisseur. Il est nécessaire de revoir les différentes théories afin de déterminer la relation pression-déplacement à appliquer, par approximation, pour les propriétés élastiques des artères. On indique de quelle manière cette relation est utilisée pour les calculs numériques. Dans la 2éme partie on décrit la détermination expérimentale de la relation pression-rayon pour un tube en caoutchouc. Les résultats sont en accord avec les conclusions de la comparaison des traitements théoriques de la lère partie.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es werden die Verlagerungsverhältnisse, die die Verformung von elastischen Gefäßen mit übermäßigem Innendruck beschreiben, die von verschiedenen Elastizitätstheorien abgeleitet werden, verglichen. Das Hauptergebnis des Vergleichs besteht daraus, daß Theorien, die die Wandstärke des Gefäßes berücksichtigen, eine bedeuted bessere Repräsentation ergeben als diejenigen Theorien, die die Wand als Membrane behandeln. Durch die klassischen und statistischen Theorien von dickwandigen Röhren ergeben sich komplizierte Druck/Radiusverhältnisse. Es wird gezeigt, daß zwischen den Ergebnissen der genaueren Theorien und denjenigen für eine dünne Membrane, die mittels eines einfachen Stärkenfaktors korrigiert werden, wenig Unterschied besteht. Ein Überblick über die verschiedenen Theorien ist notwendig um zu entscheiden, welches Druck/Verdrängungsverhältnis als Annäherung für die elastischen Eigenschaften der Arterien angewandt werden soll. Es wird ein Anhaltspunkt für die Art und Weise angegeben, in der das Verhältnis in numerischen Berechnungen verwendet wird. In Teil 2 wird die experimentelle Bestimmung eines Druck/Radiusverhältnisses für eine Gummiröhre beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse stimmen mit den Schlußfolgerungen des Vergleichs von theoretischen Behandlungen in Teil 1 überein.
    Notes: Conclusions The experimental points on Fig. 1 of part 1 lie between the curves obtained from equns. 25 and 27. Eqn. 25 is expected to be the most accurate theoretical pressure-radius relationship. Eqn. 27 is the simplified form of this relationship obtained by taking the limit of zero thickness and applying a constant zero deformation, thickness factor. The two equations differ by about 10%. For somewhat different conditions,Gent andRivlin (1952) compared theory and experiment for a rubber tube and found agreement within a small experimental error. Rivlin's theory and experiment relate to a rubber tube which is isotropic. The experimental points in Fig. 1 of part 1 have been obtained from a rubber tube for which the circumferential Young's modulus was 8% smaller than the longitudinal value. The value ofE used in the reduction of experimental results is an effective value based on shell theory. This value is 10% lower than the longitudinal value ofE. On the basis of our comparisons of the various elastic theories and the comparison of theory and experiment for a rubber tube, we conclude that a simple elastic model is adequate for a general description of distensible tubes when an allowance is made for the effect of wall thickness. Shell theory suggests that tethering the outside of the tube so that longitudinal strain is inhibited will have only a small effect. This is substantiated by the experimental values of radial and lognitudinal strains. As we use the pressure-radius relationship at present, the value ofE is constant. When the wall is a composite material.E is a function of pressure and this implies using an average value ofE but it is quite possible to include the pressure dependence in our use of the equations.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 15 (1977), S. 611-617 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Haemodynamics ; Modelling ; Pulsatile flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Est décrit un modèle mathématique pouvant être utilisé pour calculer la circulation sanguine dans une artère normale à partir de pressions mesurées en deux points différents. Les équations établissant le mouvement d'un fluide dans un tube élastique sont simplifiées mais suffisamment réalistes pour pouvoir être appliquées à la circulation artérielle. On choisit une solution numérique pour les équations dont la moyenne a été établie pour chaque section du tube; ces équations sont résolues par la méthode des différences finies. On choisit un terme de substitution pour la constante de frottement qui ne peut pas être exprimée avec exactitude par ces équations différentielles partielles non linéaires. On démontre combien les résultats sont sensibles aux changements de la constante de frottement. On présente une méthode qui établit le frottement sur les parois grace à une approximation linéaire mais qui, dans le cadre des limites imposées, utilise néanmoins une valeur correcte en amplitude comme en phase. Les effects longeur-entrée sont corrigés. Les propriétés des parois sont représentées par un rapport pression/rayon élaboré à partir d'un précédent ouvrage écrit par les auteurs (Taylor etGerrard, 1976). L'utilisation du modèle est illustrée par l'emploi de données expérimentales citées parStreeter et al. (1963). La solution est parfaitement conforme aux résultats expérimentaux.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ein amthematisches Modell wird beschrieben, mit dessen Hilfe man den Blutdurchflug in einer normalen Arterie aus dem an zwei verschiedenen Punkten gemessenen Druck berechnen kann. Die Gleichungen der Flüssigkeitsbewegung in einem elastischen Schlausch sind zwar vereinfacht, aber ausreichend der Wirklichkeit entsprechend, um auf die Arterien angewendet werden zu können. Man entscheidet für eine numerische Lösung der Gleichungen im Durchschnitt der Schlauchabschnitte, und die Gleichungen werden durch die Methode der endlichen Differenzen gelöst. Der Reibungsausdruck, der in diesen nicht-linearen partiellen Differenzial-gleichungen nicht genau bestimmt werden kann, wird substituiert. Die Sensitivität der Ergebnisse gegenüber Änderungen des Reibungsausdruckes wird aufgezeigt. Eine Methode wird vorgeführt, die die Hautreibung auf einem Linearnäherungswert begründet; innerhalb dieser Grenzen verwendet sie, was Größe Phase betrifft, einenrichtigen Wert. Für Eintrittslängeneffekte wird eine Eerichtigung vorgenommen. Die Eigenschaften der Arterienwand werden durch ein Druck/Radiusverhältnis dargestellt, das in früheren Artikeln von den Verfassern entwickelt wurde (Taylor undGerrard 1976). Die Verwen, dung dieses Modells wird anhand von Versuchsdaten, die vonStreeter u.a. (1963) angeführt wurden, dargelegt. Die Losung laßt sich vorteilhaft mit Versuchsergebnissen vergleichen.
    Notes: Abstract A mathematical model is described which can be used to calculate blood flow in a normal artery from pressures measured at two separated points. The equations of motion of fluid in an elastic tube are simplified but sufficient realism is retained for the application to arterial flow. A numerical solution to the equations averaged over each section of the tube is chosen and these equations are solved by the method of finite differences. A substitution is made for the frictional term which cannot be expressed exactly in these nonlinear partial differential equations. The sensitivity of the results to changes in the friction term is demonstrated. A method is presented which bases the skin friction on a linear approximation, but within this limitation uses a value which is correct in magnitude and phase. A correction is made for entrace-length effects. The wall properties are represented by a pressure-radius relationship developed from previous work by the authors (Taylor and Gerrard, 1976). The use of the model is illustrated by using experimental data quoted by Streeteret al. (1963). The solution compares favourably with the experimental results.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: lysyl oxidase ; cyclooxygenase ; transforming growth factor-β ; prostaglandin ; interleukin-1β ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Prostaglandin E2, transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-1β variably regulate the expression of cyclooxygenase 1, cyclooxygenase 2, and lysyl oxidase in IMR90, human embryo lung fibroblasts. Prostaglandin E2 at 100 nM upregulates cyclooxygenase 1 mRNA by approximately three-fold while it downregulates lysyl oxidase mRNA levels. Notably, prostaglandin E2 suppresses the enhancing effect of TGF-β on basal levels of lysyl oxidase mRNA. These changes in steady state mRNA levels reflect transcriptional level control, at least in part. Corresponding changes are seen in the protein levels of lysyl oxidase, cyclooxygenase 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 and in catalytic activities of these enzymes, including net prostaglandin E2 synthesis. Cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA(t1 2, 30 min) is considerably less stable than that of cyclooxygenase 1 (t1 2, 4h) while lysyl oxidase mRNA is unusually stable (t1 2 〉 14h). Taken together with the differing kinetics with which these genes respond to perturbation by these cytokines, the present results suggest a coordinated, autocrine-like mechanism of regulation of cyclooxygenase 1 and cyclooxygenase 2 and further point to the potential of their metabolic product, prostaglandin E2, to suppress the expression of lysyl oxidase in the inflammatory response to injury. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-08-11
    Description: Ramularia collo-cygni is a newly important, foliar fungal pathogen of barley that causes the disease Ramularia leaf spot. The fungus exhibits a prolonged endophytic growth stage before...
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2164
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-11-28
    Description: The Journal of Physical Chemistry B DOI: 10.1021/jp5075016
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5207
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0006-2960
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-4995
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1970-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0006-2960
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-4995
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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