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  • 1
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    Acetonitrile as a substitute for ethanol/propylene oxide in tissue processing for transmission electron microscopy: Comparison of fine structure and lipid solubility in mouse liver, kidney, and intestine (1992)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-03-01
    Print ISSN: 1059-910X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0029
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onset of vitellogenin production and vitellogenesis, and their relationship to changes in the midgut epithelium and oocytes in the tickDermacentor variabilis (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 6 (1989), S. 291-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract InDermacentor variabilis (Say), the onset of vitellogenin production and vitellogenesis (up-take of vitellogenin into oocytes) began during the rapid-engorgement feeding period. Mating was required for both vitellogenin production and vitellogenesis to complete the tick's life cycle. Complete immunological identity, as measured by Ouchterlony's double diffusion test, existed between vitellogenin from the fat body, midgut and hemolymph, and vitellin from the ovaries and eggs. Antivitellin antibody did not react with host hemoglobin nor with fat body, midgut, and ovary extracts from feeding females prior to rapid engorgement, feeding unmated females, or unfed or fed males. Some unmated females fed for 13 days and then hand-detached from the host eventually began oviposition after going through a preoviposition period. In these ticks, organ extracts from the midgut, fat body and ovary reacted with antivitellin antibody. The presence or absence of presumed vitellogenic cells in the midgut and yolk bodies in oocytes corresponded with the presence or absence of vitellogenin and vitellogenesis as measured by Ouchterlony's test. Presumed vitellogenic cells increased in size during the preoviposition period. These cells reached their greatest size during the time when the most eggs were being produced, and then declined in size toward the end of oviposition. Vitellogenin was deposited directly into developing yolk bodies in oocytes and was not processed through lysosomes. Feeding was the process that initiated the formation of eggshell cuticle. Detachment from the host was required for the initiation of oviposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01193301
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the midgut and blood meal digestion in the adult tickDermacentor variabilis (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 6 (1989), S. 263-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Digestive cells in the midgut of male and femaleDermacentor variabilis (Say) took up the blood meal in coated vesicles and smooth flask-shaped vesicles, and deposited it in endosomes which were digested via heterophagy. Iron was concentrated in residual bodies. Digestion occurred in three distinct phases in mated females: (1) continuous digestion (initiated by feeding) occurred during slow engorgement; (2) reduced digestion (initiated by mating) occurred in mated females during the period of rapid engorgement; (3) a second continuous digestion phase (initiated by detachment from the host) occurred throughout the post-feeding periods of preoviposition and oviposition. It is proposed that the stem cells in the midguts of unfed females were progenitors of digestive, replacement, and presumed vitellogenic cells in midguts of mated feeding females. Digestive cells were present in all three digestion phases. Only during the first continuous digestion phase did digestive cells fill up with residual bodies, rupture and slough into the lumen, or did whole cells slough into the lumen. During the other two digestion phases no sloughing of digestive cells was observed. At the end of oviposition the digestive cells were filled with residual bodies. Replacement cells were present only during the first continuous-digestion phase. Presumed vitellogenic cells were present only during the reduced-digestion phase and during the second continuous-digestion phase. Stem cells in unfed males developed only into digestive cells in feeding males. Fed males and fed unmated females had only the first continuous-digestion phase. After being hand-detached from the host, unmated 13-day-fed females went through cellular changes associated with the reduced-digestion phase and second continuous-digestion phase of fed mated females, then began ovipositing. Maximum development of the basal labyrinth system and lateral spaces matched the known time of maximum water and ion movement across the midgut epithelia. Spectrophotometric analyses of lumen contents and midgut cells, sampled after detachment from the host, showed that concentrations of protein and hemoglobin at day 1 post-detachment decreased by one-half at the beginning of oviposition, while hematin increased about twofold by the end of oviposition. This supported the idea of the presence of a second continuous-digestion phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01193300
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetonitrile as a substitute for ethanol/propylene oxide in tissue processing for transmission electron microscopy: Comparison of fine structure and lipid solubility in mouse liver, kidney, and intestine (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 21 (1992), S. 39-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Phospholipids ; Dehydrating solvent ; Transition fluid ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Tissue processing for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is commonly accomplished using ethanol (EtOH) as a dehydrating solvent and propylene oxide (PO) as a transition fluid. Both solvents have some undesirable properties: EtOH solubilizes lipids; PO is highly flammable, volatile, toxic, and potentially carcinogenic. Their replacement by a compound devoid of these characteristics is therefore desirable. Acetonitrile (AN) appears to be such a solvent. It is freely miscible with water, alcohols, acetone, and epoxy resins; it does not interfere with epoxy polymerization; and the resulting cured resins have excellent cutting quality and beam stability. AN is also an excellent dehydrating agent whose use does not necessitate modification of current techniques. Most importantly, the low solubility of phospholipids (PL) in AN limits the loss of membrane lipids and, hence, leads to a better preservation of tissue features.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070210106
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