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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 2770-2777 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The hydrodynamic behaviors of a steep density gradient Mg plasma produced by a short driving laser pulse is simulated, and it is shown that the temperature of a shorter scale-length (steeper density gradient) plasma decreases faster. The rate equations of the energy level population are solved using the collisional radiative model. The ground states of MgX, MgXII, and MgXIII, and the 21 energy levels of MgXI, of which the principal quantum number n≤6, are considered in our calculation. The gain coefficients of several possible laser transitions at wavelengths less than 200 A(ring) in the MgXI plasma are presented. Finally the possibility of achieving a soft x-ray laser near the water-window is discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 349-353 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new method based on Fourier transformation to study the skin effects is presented. Using this method, the field amplitude in plasma is represented in terms of electric conductivity, and the normal and anomalous skin effects are described through one formula by omitting the plasma dispersion or not. The results are in agreement with other publications [e.g., J. P. Matte and K. Aguenaou, Phys. Rev. A 45, 2558 (1992)] for equivalent parameters. But for deeper positions inside a target, which have not been studied by others, it is found that the field amplitude is considerably enhanced due to an anomalous skin effect, even for constant collision frequency. In addition, the skin absorptions and some calculations on an anomalous skin effect for different collision frequencies are also presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Managerial auditing journal 20 (2005), S. 249-271 
    ISSN: 0268-6902
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - To highlight the pressures that the auditors would face in the era of globalisation and the challenges they should be willing to accept in order to maintain trust and integrity. Design/methodology/approach - A wide range of articles and journals published in international journals as well as local journals has been reviewed. The areas covered include audit fraud, true and fair view interpretation, auditor independence and role of internal auditors. Further, ideas have also been obtained from critical write-ups in the business magazines on the fall of multinationals. Findings - A wide range of interpretation has been given by various groups of people on their understanding of the phrase "true and fair". This has created great confusion as to the interpretation of the audit reports. This has been proven by the fall of many multinationals and the audit pioneers, Andersens. This is one of the causes of audit fraud and it is also seen that as the auditors face an enormous challenge as they enter the twenty-first century, they should be willing to change their attitudes towards their clients. Professionalism should be in the forefront, and an overhaul in the concept of "true and fair" could probably be the solution to harmonisation of the economy. Research limitations/implications - This paper lacks statistical data on the views of the authors. It is based purely on secondary data. Practical implications - Provides awareness to the auditors, corporations and general public on the necessity to revamp the existing auditing practices. This can help the auditors not only to be professionals, but also to be seen as professionals. Originality/value - This paper provides scope for research in this area to identify whether the overhaul concept is acceptable. If yes, what should the new concept be? If no, what is the solution to the existing public outcry?
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Inflammation enhances tumour promotion through NF-κB-dependent mechanisms. NF-κB was also proposed to promote metastatogenesis through epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Yet a mechanistic link between inflammation and metastasis is missing. We identified a role for IκB ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 5 (1981), S. 479-482 
    ISSN: 0275-1062
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 11 (2000), S. 51-63 
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: Integration ; process planning ; scheduling ; review ; heuristies ; mathematical programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In recent years, a few researchers have addressed the need for the integration of process planning and scheduling functions in order to achieve superior overall system performance. Many of these researchers have discovered that the potential savings are substantial when process planning and scheduling are integrated. It has been reported that typical scheduling objectives, such as minimizing makespan, maximizing equipment utilization, etc, can be significantly improved as the result of integration of these two important manufacturing system functions. In this paper, we present a review of the reported research in this area, discuss the extent of applicability of various approaches, and suggest directions for future research.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-8781
    Keywords: bioMEMS ; microtexture ; cardiac myocyte ; cellular adhesion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In order to understand the role of tissue adaptation to altered physiological states, a more physiologically and dimensionally relevant in vitro model of cardiac myocyte organization has been developed. This new cell culture system, created by microfabrication technology, provides an environment in which cells can maintain a differentiated in vivo cell phenotype. By creating microtextured geometries of varied dimension, we are able to maximize the perpendicular surface area for myocyte attachment. These platforms provide a biocompatible surface with specific microarchitectures upon which cells exhibit enhanced cellular adhesion due to increased surface area, three-dimensional geometries, and bioacceptable attachment moieties. These microtextured membranes are created using photolithography and microfabrication techniques. Silicone and polyglycolic/lactic acid interfaces with specified microarchitecture and surface chemistry have been designed, microfabricated, and characterized for this purpose. Advantages of the microtextured membranes include the high degree of reproducibility and the ability to create features on the micron and submicron size scale. Because of the flexibility of substrate material and the ease of creating micron size structures, this technique can be applied to many other physiological and biological systems, particularly for cell physiology and mechanobiology studies.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 1057-1059 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The stress field of an interfacial crack in non-homogeneous materials is computed usingthe semi-analytical method of arbitrary lines (MAL). Then, the eigen-functions of stress, strain anddisplacement, i.e. the angular distribution functions near a crack tip, are analyzed based on ourwedge-shape non-homogeneous model. Finally, the growing direction of the interfacial crack isdetermined according to the relevant maximum normal stress criterion accurately. Therefore, theeffective approach is provided for solving the complicated crack growing directions of an interfacialcrack in non-homogeneous materials
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 368-372 (Feb. 2008), p. 961-963 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: MoSi2 was prepared by SHS, and then pressed under 300 MPa at room temperature andsintered at 1600 ºC for 1 h in a vacuum furnace. The tribological properties of MoSi2 against Al2O3 in thetemperature range from 700˚C to 1100 ºC were investigated. Microphotographs and phases of the wornsurface of MoSi2 were observed by SEM and XRD. Results showed that MoSi2 has well friction and wearproperties below 900 ºC. When temperature rises from 900 ºC to 1000 ºC, wear rate of MoSi2 is raised by20.8% which is attribute to the change of wear mechanism. The main wear mechanisms of MoSi2 areadhesion and oxidation at high temperatures. When over 900 ºC, because of ductile - brittle transitioncharacteristic of this material, plastic deformation and fracture are also found on the worn surface ofMoSi2. This leads to the high wear rate of MoSi2
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 47-50 (June 2008), p. 1023-1026 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Analytical expressions for crack-tip higher order stress functions for a plane crack in aspecial functionally graded material (FGM), which has an variation of elastic modulus in 1 2 powerform along the gradient direction, are obtained through an asymptotic analysis. The Poisson’s ratio ofthe FGM is assumed to be constant in the analysis. The higher order fields in the asymptoticexpansion display the influence of non-homogeneity on the structure of crack-tip fields obviously.Furthermore, it can be seen from expressions of higher order stress fields that at least three terms mustbe considered in the case of FGMs in order to explicitly account for non-homogeneity effects on thecrack- tip stress fields. These results provide the basis for fracture analysis and engineeringapplications of this FGM
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