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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 38 (1993), S. 275-301 
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Callosobruchus ; DNA Markers ; Insect ; Legume ; Restriction fragment length polymorphisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Bruchids (genus Callosobruchus) are among the most destructive insect pests of mungbeans and other members of the genus, Vigna. Genetic resistance to bruchids was previously identified in a wild mungbean relative, TC1966. To analyze the underlying genetics, accelerate breeding, and provide a basis for map-based cloning of this gene, we have mapped the TC1966 bruchid resistance gene using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Fifty-eight F2 progeny from a cross between TC1966 and a susceptible mungbean cultivar were analyzed with 153 RFLP markers. Resistance mapped to a single locus on linkage group VIII, approximately 3.6 centimorgans from the nearest RFLP marker. Because the genome of mungbean is relatively small (estimated to be between 470 and 560 million base pairs), this RFLP marker may be suitable as a starting point for chromosome walking. Based on RFLP analysis, an individual was also identified in the F2 population that retained the bruchid resistance gene within a tightly linked double crossover. This individual will be valuable in developing resistant mungbean lines free of linkage drag.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    BioControl 36 (1991), S. 95-104 
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Diadegma eucerophaga ; Apanteles plutellae ; temperature ; insecticide selectivity ; host-plant effect ; Diadegma eucerophaga ; Apanteles plutellae ; temperature ; sélectivité insecticide ; effect de la plante-hôte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des études en laboratoire et en serre on été menées pour connaître l'aptitude de 2 hyménoptères parasites,Diadegma eucerophaga Horstmann etApanteles plutellae Kurdjumov en vue de leur introduction dans la lutte contre la fausse teignePlutella xylostella (L.), ravageur des crucifères dans la partie tropicale et subtropicale de l'Asie du Sud-Est. Le parasitisme parD. eucerophaga était élevé dans la gamme de températures de 15 à 25°C et celui dû àA. plutellae entre 20 et 35°C. Les 2 parasites étaient actifs dans la recherche de leur hôte et pondaient uniquement au cours de la photophase. On n'observait pas de parasitisme à l'obscurité. Tandis qu'A. plutellae pouvait parasiter tous les stades larvaires de la teigne,D. eucerophaga parasitait les 3 premiers states uniquement et échouait vis-à-vis du 4e. Le parasitisme parD. eucerophaga était plus important quand les larves de la teigne se nourrissaient de chou commun (Brassica oleracea var.capitata L.) plutôt que de chou-fleur (B. oleracea var.italica L.), de broccoli (B. oleracea var.botrytis L.) ou de chou chinois (Brassica campestris L. ssp.pekinensis (Lour) Olsson). Le parasitisme parA. plutellae était plus élevé quand les larves de teigne se nourrissaient de chou chinois plutôt que de chou commun, de chou-fleur ou de broccoli. Le stockage de pupes à 0°C et de 4°C à 6°C jusqu'à 2 semaines réduisait l'émergence des adultes deD. eucerophaga plus que celle des adultes d'A. plutellae. Un insecticide non sélectif, la deltaméthrine était toxique pour les adultes des 2 parasites, mais les sélectifs, tels que leBacillus thuringiensis, le téflubenzuron et le pirimicarbe ne l'étaient pas. Les pupes étaient plus tolérantes que les adultes aux insecticides. La lignée Luchu résistante aux insecticides et la lignée de teigne de laboratoire, sensible, manifestaient un égal niveau de parasitisme de la part des 2 parasites.
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to investigate the suitability of 2 hymenopterous parasites,Diadegma eucerophaga Horstmann andApanteles plutellae Kurdjumov for introduction to control diamondback moth (DBM),Plutella xylostella (L.), a destructive pest of crucifers in tropical to subtropical Southeast Asia. Parasitism byD. eucerophaga was high at temperature range of 15°C to 25°C and that ofA. plutellae, at 20°C to 35°C. Both parasites were active in searching for host and oviposited only during photophase. No parasitism was observed during darkness. WhereasA. plutellae could parasitize all instars of DBM larvae,D. eucerophaga parasitized only the first 3 instars and failed to parasitize the 4th. Parasitism byD. eucerophaga was greater when DBM larvae were feeding on common cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.capitata L.), than on cauliflower (B. oleracea var.italica L.), broccoli (B. oleracea var.botrytis L.) or Chinese cabbage [Brassica campestris L. ssp.pekinensis (Lour) Olsson].A. plutellae parasitism was greater when DBM larvac were feeding on Chinese cabbage than on common cabbage, cauliflower or broccoli. Storage of pupae at 0°C and 4°C to 6°C for up to 2 weeks reduced emergence ofD. eucerophaga adults more than that ofA. plutellae. A non-selective insecticide, deltamethrin, was toxic to adults of both parasites but selective ones such asBacillus thuringiensis, teflubenzuron, and pirimicarb were not. Pupae were more tolerant than adults to insecticides. The insecticide-resistant Luchu strain and susceptible laboratory strain of DBM suffered an equal level of parasitism by both parasites.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Diadegma semiclausum ; Cotesia plutellae ; host density ; plant age ; cropping system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des expériences ont été menées au champ pour étudier l'influence d'une culture de chou isolée et d'une culture de chou en mélange avec d'autres cultures sur le parasitisme dePlutella xylostella, sérieux ravageur de toutes les crucifères, par deux parasites larvaires,Diadegma semiclausum Hellén etCotesia plutellae Kurdjumov. Le parasitisme de l'une ou l'autre espèce ne présente pas de différence significative selon que le chou est cultivé en monoculture sans emploi d'insecticide ou en culture mélangée à 8 autres plantes cultivées traitées 2 fois par semaine avec des insecticides tels que le mévinphos, le métamidophos et la perméthrine. La population deP. xylostella augmente parallèlement à l'accroissement des plants de chou. Le parasitisme parC. plutellae est plus élevé aussitôt après le repiquage des choux mais diminue avec l'accroissement de la plante; l'inverse est observé pour le parasitisme parD. semiclausum. Une corrélation négative significative a été relevée entre le parasitisme parC. plutellae et celui parD. semiclausum. Dans les essais en plein champ où une seule espèce de parasite est placée dans une cage individuelle, le parasitisme deP. xylostella par les deux espèces diminue quand la population du ravageur augmente. Ceci est probablement dû à l'absence de compétition entre les deux parasites à l'intérieur de la cage. Il n'y a pas de relation entre l'âge de la plante-hôte et le parasitisme des larves deP. xylostella par l'une comme par l'autre espèce de parasite.
    Notes: Abstract Field experiments were conducted to study the influence of cabbage monoculture and mixed cropping on the parasitism of diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella (L.), a destructive pest of all crucifers, by 2 larval parasites,Diadegma semiclausum Hellén andCotesia plutellae Kurdjumov. There was no significant difference in parasitism by either species whether cabbage was planted in insecticide-free monoculture or in mixed cropping with 8 noncrucifers which were sprayed twice a week with chemical insecticides mevinphos, methamidophos and permethrin. Population ofP. xylostella increased as the cabbage plants grew older. Parasitism byC. plutellae was higher soon after cabbage transplanting but decreased as the plants grew older. Parasitism byD. semiclausum was very low soon after cabbage planting but increased as the plants grew older. A significant negative correlation was found betwen parasitism byC. plutellae andD. semiclausum. In a caged field study where only one parasite species was used in an individual cage, parasitism ofP. xylostella by both species decreased as theP. xylostella population increased. This is believed to be due to the absence of competition between the two parasites inside the cage. There was no relationship between host-plant age and parasitism ofP. xylostella larvae by either parasite species.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1993-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0066-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1545-4487
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Annual Reviews
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