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Effects of Pregnancy and Lactation on Trabecular Bone and Marrow Adipocytes in Rats (2000)

Honda, A. ; Kurabayashi, T. ; Yahata, T. ; [et al.]

Springer

Calcified tissue international 67 (2000), S. 367-372

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Key words: Pregnancy — Lactation — Bone histomorphometry — Marrow adipocyte — Bone formation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract. Changes in the structure and metabolism of trabecular bone and marrow adipocytes in rats during pregnancy and the early stage of postpartum were evaluated by investigating bone mineral density (BMD) and bone and fat histomorphometry. Forty-nine female virgin Sprague-Dawley rats aged 200 days were mated and divided into seven groups: (1) beginning controls; (2) antepartum-on-day-7; (3) antepartum-on-day-21; (4) nonlactating on the fourth postpartum day; (5) nonlactating on the sixth postpartum day; (6) nonlactating on the eighth postpartum day; (7) lactating on the eight postpartum day. The significant decreases occurred in the trabecular bone at the end of pregnancy and lactation, and the bone formation increases and the bone structure is almost recovered in nonlactating rats within 6 days of postpartum. The percent adipocyte volume, adipocyte number, and unit adipocyte volume significantly decreased during postpartum whether lactating or nonlactating, and they significantly showed negative correlation with the osteoid volume values. The serum triglyceride value and body weight of the seven groups correlated significantly with the unit adipocyte volume value (r = 0.49, P= 0.004; r = 0.58, P= 0.0005, respectively). We concluded that bone resorption and formation are regulated separately during late pregnancy and lactation and that the recovery of BMD from lactation appears to rely on an acceleration of bone formation. Furthermore, the metabolism of the marrow adipocyte may be correlated with bone formation rates, serum triglyceride value, and body weight during pregnancy and early stage of puerperium.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230001145

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Miscibility of tetramethyl-hexafluoro copolycarbonates with styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers (1994)

Takakuwa, K. ; Gupta, S. ; Paul, D. R.

Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 1719-1730

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ISSN: 0887-6266

Keywords: blends ; miscibility ; polycarbonate ; copolymers ; HFPC ; TMPC ; PS ; PMMA ; Flory-Huggins theory ; interaction energies ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics

Notes: The compositions for which blends of copolycarbonates of tetramethyl bisphenol-A and hexafluoro bisphenol-A (TMPC-HFPC) with styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers (SMMA) are miscible were determined experimentally. These copolymer compsition boundaries were compared to predictions based on the Flory-Huggins theory combined with the binary interaction model. The theoretical predictions employed interaction energies from the literature for the TMPC/PS, PS/PMMA, and TMPC/PMMA pairs, and values for the TMPC/HFPC, HFPC/PS, and HFPC/PMMA pairs were established or verified using independent experiments. The recommended set of interaction energies predicts that miscibility occurs in two separate regions of copolymer compositions. These predictions agree well with the experimental observations. The theoretical requirements for a single, continuous miscible region versus two disjointed miscible regions when the two limiting homopolymer pairs exhibit miscibility, that is, TMPC-PS and HFPC-PMMA in this example, are described. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090321004

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