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  • 1
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    Volcanic SO2 fluxes derived from satellite data: a survey using OMI, GOME-2, IASI and MODIS (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-02
    Description: Sulphur dioxide (SO2)fluxes of active degassing volcanoes are routinely measured with ground-based equipment to characterize and monitor volcanic activity. SO2 of unmonitored volcanoes or from explosive volcanic eruptions, can be measured with satellites. However, remote-sensing methods based on absorption spectroscopy generally provide integrated amounts of already dispersed plumes of SO2 and satellite derived flux estimates are rarely reported. Here we review a number of different techniques to derive volcanic SO2 fluxes using satellite measurements of plumes of SO2 and investigate the temporal evolution of the total emissions of SO2 for three very different volcanic events in 2011: Puyehue-Cord on Caulle (Chile), Nyamulagira (DR Congo) and Nabro (Eritrea). High spectral resolution satellite instruments operating both in the ultravioletvisible (OMI/Aura and GOME-2/MetOp-A) and thermal infrared (IASI/MetOp-A) spectral ranges, and multispectral satellite instruments operating in the thermal infrared (MODIS/Terra-Aqua) are used. We show that satellite data can provide fluxes with a sampling of a day or less (few hours in the best case). Generally the flux results from the different methods are consistent, and we discuss the advantages and weaknesses of each technique. Although the primary objective of this study is the calculation of SO2 fluxes, it also enables us to assess the consistency of the SO2 products from the different sensors used.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5945–5968
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: 5IT. Osservazioni satellitari
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: remote sensing, SO2 flux, volcanic eruptions, Nabro ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Results of the eruptive column model inter-comparison study (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-25
    Description: This study compares and evaluates one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) numerical models of volcanic eruption columns in a set of different inter-comparison exercises. The exercises were designed as a blind test in which a set of common input parameters was given for two reference eruptions, representing a strong and a weak eruption column under different meteorological conditions. Comparing the results of the different models allows us to evaluate their capabilities and target areas for future improvement. Despite their different formulations, the 1D and 3D models provide reasonably consistent predictions of some of the key global descriptors of the volcanic plumes. Variability in plume height, estimated from the standard deviation of model predictions, is within ~20% for the weak plume and ~10% for the strong plume. Predictions of neutral buoyancy level are also in reasonably good agreement among the different models, with a standard deviation ranging from 9 to 19% (the latter for the weak plume in a windy atmosphere). Overall, these discrepancies are in the range of observational uncertainty of column height. However, there are important differences amongst models in terms of local properties along the plume axis, particularly for the strong plume. Our analysis suggests that the simpli- fied treatment of entrainment in 1D models is adequate to resolve the general behaviour of the weak plume. However, it is inadequate to capture complex features of the strong plume, such as large vortices, partial column collapse, or gravitational fountaining that strongly enhance entrainment in the lower atmosphere. We conclude that there is a need to more accurately quantify entrainment rates, improve the representation of plume radius, and incorporate the effects of column instability in future versions of 1D volcanic plume models.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2-25
    Description: 5V. Dinamica dei processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    USE OF A FULL-SCALE TEST FACILITY TO EXAMINE SEWER-SEDIMENT MOBILITY (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The mobility of granular in-sewer sediments was measured in a study which was carried out at the National Combined Sewer Overflow Test Facility, Wigan. It is thought that these measurements are unique in that the facility permits tests using crude sewage and real in-sewer sediments to be conducted under full-scale controlled hydraulic conditions. Tests were carried out in which the bedload transport rates, resulting from different steady-flow discharges and flow depths, were measured. The results were compared with transport-rate predictions made using relationships which are recommended by the Construction Industry Research and Information Association. These comparisons indicated that, for the sewer sediments, the existing prediction methods are likely to significantly under-predict the mobility of in-sewer sediments — particularly if a range of grain sizes is present. This might have important implications both for the design of sewerage systems and for sewer flow quality modelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2003.tb00429.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure, gas content and eruption periodicity of a shallow, crystallising magma chamber
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 92 (1989), S. 107-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(89)90025-3
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing of stratified liquids by the motion of gas bubbles: application to magma mixing
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 115 (1993), S. 161-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0012-821X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012-821X(93)90220-4
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconductivity in La-doped Bi ''2201''
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 205 (1993), S. 323-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-4534(93)90398-A
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3,4,ω-Trihydroxyacetophenone 3-methyl Ether in Adrenal Extracts (1959)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 184 (1959), S. 268-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Preliminary work4 on a very small scale led to the conclusion that aldosterone did not absorb maximally at 240 m{jt. It now seems likely that this was due to the presence of the phenol as a contaminant. The combined peaks of the phenol and aldosterone at 230, 240 and 280 mpi tend to give a flat ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/184268b0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host specificity ofPterolonche inspersa [Lep.: Pterolonchidae] and its potential as a biological control agent forCentaurea diffusa, diffuse knapweed, andC. Maculosa, spotted knapweed (1989)
    Springer
    BioControl 34 (1989), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Pterolonche inspersa ; Biological Control ; diffuse knapweed ; spotted knapweed ; Centaurea diffusa ; Centaurea maculosa ; North America ; Pterolonche inspersa ; lutte biologique ; Centaurea diffusa ; Centaurea maculosa ; Amérique du Nord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le laboratoire de Lutte Biologique contre les Mauvaises Herbes du Département Américain de l'Agriculture (U.S.D.A.) situé à Rome, Italie, a entrepris en 1981 une étude concernant la spécificité deP. inspersa comme agent possible de lutte biologique contreC. diffusa etC. maculosa. Cette étude fut terminée par la suite en 1985 en Californie par le laboratoire de Lutte Biologique contre les Mauvaises Herbes (U.S.D.A.) d'Albany. Trente-cinq espèces de plantes de la famille desAsteraceae et 23 espèces de 8 autres familles apparentées ont été testées. La survie larvaire au-delà du 1cr stade a eu lieu uniquement surCentaurea spp. à l'exception d'une larve qui fut trouvée surCnicus benedictus L.
    Notes: Abstract In 1981 the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Biological Control of Weeds Laboratory (BCWL, Rome, Italy) started investigating the host specificity ofP. inspersa as a candidate for biological control ofC. diffusa andC. maculosa, and in 1985 the investigation was completed at the USDA Biological Control of Weeds Laboratory at Albany, California. Thirty five species of plants in the familyAsteraceae and 23 other species in 8 related families were tested. Larval survival beyond 1st instar occurred only onCentaurea spp. except for 1 larva found inCnicus benedictus L.P. inspersa is stenophagous onCentaurea, therefore, a good candidate for introduction into North America.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374380
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electrolytic oxidation of chromic sulphate to chromic acid: The effects of lead anode preparation (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 11 (1981), S. 493-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrolytic oxidation of chromic sulphate to chromic acid in a sulphuric acid medium has been examined at a number of lead dioxide surfaces (produced by the oxidation of lead containing 5% antimony either potentiostatically or by repetitive potential cycling), and has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry and other methods. The rate of the process and the current efficiency depend on the surface preparation to some extent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01132438
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of fast-atom bombardment, thermal ionization and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the measurement of 64Zn/67Zn stable isotopes in human nutrition studies (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 3 (1989), S. 203-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fast-atom bombardment, thermal ionization and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry are contrasted in comparative measurements of 64Zn/67Zn isotope ratios on samples isolated in the course of a human mineral-nutrition experiment. The data are evaluated with reference to the precision normally required in enriched stable-isotope mineral-nutrition studies, and the convenience of the mass spectrometric techniques is also compared.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290030610
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