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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of exogenous adenosine triphosphate on the oxygen uptake of skeletal muscle and liver slices and homogenate of albino rats (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 42-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of exogenous adenosine triphosphate on the oxygen uptake of rat diaphragm and liver slices and homogenate were studied in normal rats using Warburg Manometric Technique. Five concentrations of ATP were used, namely 0.275, 0.55, 1.1, 2.75, and 5.5 mM ATP. ATP in small concentrations showed no significant changes in oxygen uptake of rat diaphragm and muscle homogenate or liver slices, but the oxygen uptake of liver homogenate was significantly increased in presence of 0.55 mM ATP while large concentrations caused depression in oxygen uptake of rat diaphragm and liver tissue whether it was sliced or homogenate. The depressant action of large concentrations of ATP on oxygen uptake by liver and muscle tissues is explained by the finding that the activity of respiration is dependent on the ratio of ATP/ADP. The stimulatory effect of the small concentration of ATP in case of liver homogenate and the absence of its effect in case of liver slices may be due to the different action of ATP with respect to adenyl cyclase in homogenate and slices. The oxygen uptake of homogenate was significantly greater than that of slices. This is presumably due to the greater excess of the intracellular respiratory mechanisms in the homogenate than in the slices. However, the recent discovery of the purinergic nerve hypothesis and the finding that exogenously applied ATP mimics the action of the nerve-released transmitter will greatly improve the understanding of the action of ATP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02026536
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The purinergic nerve hypothesis and insulin secretion (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 128-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In adrenalectomized rats the effect of i.v. injection of glucose and ATP on insulin changes in external jugular vein was determined in normal and alloxan diabetic animals. In another set of experiments the direct effect of ATP on insulin secretion was investigated. Glucose and ATP were injected in the carotid artery and the blood samples were withdrawn from the portal vein. In these experiments there was immediate and excessive production of insulin release in the portal vein after ATP injection in the carotid artery. In alloxan diabetic rats, despite the high blood glucose levels, the plasma insulin was low and did not respond to glucose stimulation. ATP could increase the sensitivity of the diabetic rats to glucose. The possible role of purinergic nerves in insulin secretion is discussed. It is concluded that multiple innervation of the islets by purinergic, cholinergic and adrenergic nerves, regulate insulin secretion. It is suggested that: 1. Purinergic nerve stimulation is more specific for insulin secretion. 2. ATP is considered the principal transmitter released from purinergic nerves causing insulin secretion. 3. The insulin stimulatory effect normally produced by glucose is through purinergic nerves. 4. It could be possible that one of the causes of diabetes is a defect in the purinergic innervation of the islet cells thus the sensitivity of the islets to glucose is decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02023727
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of vitamin B12 on tetracycline-induced fatty liver (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 19 (1980), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of vitamin B12 on the metabolic alterations due to tetracycline toxicity was studied experimentally on laboratory animals. Treatment of Sprague-Dawley rats with 120 or 250 mg tetracycline (i.p.) per kg per day for two or three days caused an accumulation of lipids, mainly triglycerides in the liver of 75% of animals studied, while phospholipid level tend to decrease. These doses are approximately twice and four times the recommended maximum dose for man. In the present work no direct relationship was observed between dose of tetracycline and hepatic accumulation of triglyceride, although livers of rats treated with 250 mg tetracycline/kg appeared uniformly pale yellow. Elevated serum triglyceride was found predominantly in rats treated with 120 mg/kg, while there was no obvious difference between serum triglyceride of rats treated with 250 mg tetracycline and control rats, indicating a block in the release of hepatic triglycerides. Where protection by vitamin B12 was studied, the vitamin was given i.m. (50 μg/ animal) 3 hours before the injection of 120 mg tetracycline per kg. There was a good evidence that lipid abnormalities caused by tetracycline improved by vitamin B12. Thus both hepatic and serum total lipid and triglycerides were significantly lower than those of rats treated with tetracycline, although hepatic total cholesterol was significantly increased as in case of tetracycline only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02018783
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of repeated doses of ATP on serum protein pattern and fat content of the liver in experimental diabetes (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 120-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparison of serum protein fractions (electrophoretic separation) between control and mild alloxan-diabetic rats examined 10 days after alloxan indicates a decrease in total protein, a decrease in percentage albumin accompanied by a decrease in A/G ratio. In servere diabetic rats examined 48 hours after the administration of alloxan, there were no changes in total protein or in serum-protein fractions. The changes in the serum protein and serum albumin in mild diabetic cases are not the result of the degree of diabetes only. But they are rather explained by the longer time interval of the uncontrolled diabetic state. ATP administered to mild diabetic rats produced the following changes: two injections of 5 mg per rat exhibit a lowering effect on the blood glucose, with a decrease in liver fat. ATP resulted also in a significant increase in serum albumin and a decrease inβ-globulin with a consequent increase in the A/G ratio. Comparison of the different protein fractions of male and female control rats did not show any significant difference. ATP administered to control animals did not alter the normal electrophoretic pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02021488
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of ATP and certain trace elements on the induction of experimental diabetes (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 176-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intravenous injection of zinc chloride immediately before and fifteen minutes after alloxan or dithizone prevented the usual hyperglycaemia observed 24 hours after induction of diabetes. This is supported by histological examination which showed that the itslets of those animals which were injected with zinc were intact and their beta cells stained normally. The intravenous injection of manganese chloride prevented any marked rise of blood glucose, without protecting the islets. Chromium and cobalt chloride lowered the blood-glucose level to a certain extent. ATP given before alloxan could prevent any marked rise in blood sugar. ATP resulted also in a significant reduction in the fat and significant increase in the glycogen content of the liver in female rats examined on the 10th day after induction of alloxan diabetes. It is suggested that ATP as well as zinc, manganese, chromium, and cobalt ions seem to be essential for both insulin secretion as well as glucose utilization by various tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02024790
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of drugs affecting microsomal enzymes on serum protein pattern and fat content of the liver (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 17 (1978), S. 180-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of phenobarbitone and propionyl-promazine given in ten repeated doses together with small doses of CCl4 on serum protein pattern and fat content of the liver was investigated in albino rats. The data revealed a marked increase of the fat content of the liver under the influence of CCl4. However, when phenobarbitone was administered together with CCl4 it resulted in a significant reduction in the fat content of the liver. Nevertheless, in comparison with the control experiments it was found that under the influence of phenobarbitone whether it was administered alone or together with CCl4, the fat content of the liver was significantly higher than that of the control. Concerning the changes in the total protein and its fractions, a state of hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia was observed in rats with severe CCl4 intoxication. While the globulin fractions increased, the A/G ratio was therefore significantly decreased. However, when phenobarbitone was administered together with CCl4 there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of the different protein fractions nor in the A/G ratio as compared with the control group. Propionyl-promazine when was administered alone or together with CCl4 has no effect on the fat content of the liver and serum protein pattern. It is concluded that under the present experimental conditions, the main protective effect of phenobarbitone seems to be due to an antagonistic action of phenobarbitone in CCl4 induced decomposition at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02020908
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum mineral changes due to exogenous ATP and certain trace elements in experimental diabetes (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 18 (1979), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intravenous injection of zinc or manganese chloride immediately before and 15 minutes after alloxan or dithizone prevented the usual hyperglycemia observed 24 hours after induction of diabetes. Injection of zinc chloride in alloxan diabetes led to normalization of sodium while zinc, copper, iron and magnesium remained high and calcium and potassium remained low as in alloxan. In case of dithizone diabetes, the administration of zinc salt led to an increase in serum zinc, magnesium and potassium and to a decrease in serum calcium while the sodium level returned to normal. Manganese plus alloxan led to a normalization of serum zinc, copper, potassium and sodium. In the case of dithizone plus manganese only magnesium was raised while the other elements were unchanged when compared to animals injected with dithizone only. Chromium and cobalt chloride lowered the blood glucose to a certain extent however it did not affect most of the elements. The same changes occurred in all elements as with alloxan or dithizone alone. Pretreatment with ATP led to a normalization of serum zinc, copper, magnesium, sodium and potassium, while in case of iron it remained high and calcium remained low as that found in alloxan diebetic rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02026530
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of AMP on acute carbon-tetrachloride hepatotoxicity (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 256-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of carbon-tetrachloride poisoning and the protection caused by AMP were studied. A single dose of CCl4 has resulted in a rapid development of a fatty liver, a considerable increase in serum enzymes, glutamic oxalacetic and pyruvic transaminases as well as serum-alkaline phosphatase. Total serum protein showed a tendency to decrease accompanied by a decrease in A/G ratio. Administration of adenosine-5-monophosphate prevented the increase in serum-alkaline phosphatase and increased the A/G ratio. There was, however, a slight but significant decrease in serum GOT and GPT within the 24-hrs. period of study, but it remained still higher than that of the control. AMP lowered liver fat without complete protection against the development of fatty liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02023705
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum enzyme changes associated with carbon disulfide hepatotoxicity in experimental animals (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 16 (1977), S. 262-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Investigations were performed to evaluate the activities of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate-dehydrogenase enzymes in rats intoxicated by different doses of carbon disulfide. Serum GOT and GPT activities were elevated which may be due to CS2 effect on cell membrane permeability. Serum-alkaline-phosphatase activity showed also increment, which was again attributed to the liver affection. A significant rise in serum-lactate-dehydrogenase activity which was referred to be as a result of muscle-lactate dehydrogenase release into the blood circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02023706
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ATP on liver function tests in experimental diabetes (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 17 (1978), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Liver function tests were performed in severe and mild diabetic rats and under the influence of ATP. In mild diabetics the serum cholesterol was significantly increased, while in severe diabetes the serum cholesterol was significantly lower than in mild diabetes. The decreased serum cholesterol in severe diabetes may be an indication for the development of fatty liver. The serum alkaline phosphatase and serum bilirubin were significantly increased in both the severe and mild diabetic states, while the thymol turbidity test was insignificantly changed in both states of diabetes. Serum albumin was significantly decreased in 10 days mild diabetes, while it was insignificantly changed in 48 hrs severe diabetic animals. The effect of ATP was investigated in mild diabetes. ATP resulted in a significant increase in serum albumin and a decrease in total globulins with the resultant increase in A/G ratio. The serum alkaline phosphatase exhibited a significant reduction under the influence of ATP. The elevated cholesterol of mild diabetic rats remained significantly evelated and was not reduced by ATP, though the fat content of the liver showed a significant reduction. This may be due to more rapid mobilisation of fat from the liver under the influence of ATP. ATP showed no significant effect on serum bilirubin and thymol turbidity test. The histopathological examination of the liver revealed that administration of ATP to alloxan diabetic rats had a beneficial effect. It resulted in disappearrance of the fat globules from the liver cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02020690
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