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  • 1
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    The location of Airy-0, the Mars prime meridian reference, from stereo photogrammetric processing of THEMIS IR imaging and digital elevation data (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-13
    Description: The small crater Airy-0 was selected from Mariner 9 images to be the reference for the Mars prime meridian. Initial analyses in the year 2000 tied Viking Orbiter and Mars Orbiter Camera images of Airy-0 to the evolving Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter global digital terrain model to update the location of Airy-0. Based upon this tie and radiometric tracking of landers / rovers from earth, new expressions for the Mars spin axis direction, spin rate and prime meridian epoch value were produced to define the orientation of the Martian surface in inertial space over time. Since the Mars Global Surveyor mission and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter global digital terrain model were completed some time ago, a more exhaustive study has been performed to determine the accuracy of the Airy-0 location and orientation of Mars at the standard epoch. THEMIS IR image cubes of the Airy and Gale crater regions were tied to the global terrain grid using precision stereo photogrammetric image proce ssing techniques. The Airy-0 location was determined to be about 0.001 ∘ east of its predicted location using the currently defined IAU prime meridian location. Information on this new location and how it was derived will be provided to the NASA Mars Exploration Program Geodesy and Cartography Working Group for their assessment. This NASA group will make a recommendation to the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements to update the expression for the Mars spin axis direction, spin rate and prime meridian location.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Observations of the north polar region of Mars from the Mars orbiter laser altimeter (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-16
    Description: Elevations from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) have been used to construct a precise topographic map of the martian north polar region. The northern ice cap has a maximum elevation of 3 kilometers above its surroundings but lies within a 5-kilometer-deep hemispheric depression that is contiguous with the area into which most outflow channels emptied. Polar cap topography displays evidence of modification by ablation, flow, and wind and is consistent with a primarily H2O composition. Correlation of topography with images suggests that the cap was more spatially extensive in the past. The cap volume of 1.2 x 10(6) to 1.7 x 10(6) cubic kilometers is about half that of the Greenland ice cap. Clouds observed over the polar cap are likely composed of CO2 that condensed out of the atmosphere during northern hemisphere winter. Many clouds exhibit dynamical structure likely caused by the interaction of propagating wave fronts with surface topography.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zuber, M T -- Smith, D E -- Solomon, S C -- Abshire, J B -- Afzal, R S -- Aharonson, O -- Fishbaugh, K -- Ford, P G -- Frey, H V -- Garvin, J B -- Head, J W -- Ivanov, A B -- Johnson, C L -- Muhleman, D O -- Neumann, G A -- Pettengill, G H -- Phillips, R J -- Sun, X -- Zwally, H J -- Banerdt, W B -- Duxbury, T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):2053-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. zuber@tharsis.gsfc.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9851922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Carbon Dioxide ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Ice ; *Mars ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The global topography of Mars and implications for surface evolution (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-29
    Description: Elevations measured by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter have yielded a high-accuracy global map of the topography of Mars. Dominant features include the low northern hemisphere, the Tharsis province, and the Hellas impact basin. The northern hemisphere depression is primarily a long-wavelength effect that has been shaped by an internal mechanism. The topography of Tharsis consists of two broad rises. Material excavated from Hellas contributes to the high elevation of the southern hemisphere and to the scarp along the hemispheric boundary. The present topography has three major drainage centers, with the northern lowlands being the largest. The two polar cap volumes yield an upper limit of the present surface water inventory of 3.2 to 4.7 million cubic kilometers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, D E -- Zuber, M T -- Solomon, S C -- Phillips, R J -- Head, J W -- Garvin, J B -- Banerdt, W B -- Muhleman, D O -- Pettengill, G H -- Neumann, G A -- Lemoine, F G -- Abshire, J B -- Aharonson, O -- Brown, C D -- Hauck, S A -- Ivanov, A B -- McGovern, P J -- Zwally, H J -- Duxbury, T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1495-503.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Sciences Directorate, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. dsmith@tharsis.gsfc.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10348732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Evolution, Planetary ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Topography of the northern hemisphere of Mars from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-28
    Description: The first 18 tracks of laser altimeter data across the northern hemisphere of Mars from the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft show that the planet at latitudes north of 50 degrees is exceptionally flat; slopes and surface roughness increase toward the equator. The polar layered terrain appears to be a thick ice-rich formation with a non-equilibrium planform indicative of ablation near the periphery. Slope relations suggest that the northern Tharsis province was uplifted in the past. A profile across Ares Vallis channel suggests that the discharge through the channel was much greater than previously estimated. The martian atmosphere shows significant 1-micrometer atmospheric opacities, particularly in low-lying areas such as Valles Marineris.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, D E -- Zuber, M T -- Frey, H V -- Garvin, J B -- Head, J W -- Muhleman, D O -- Pettengill, G H -- Phillips, R J -- Solomon, S C -- Zwally, H J -- Banerdt, W B -- Duxbury, T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 13;279(5357):1686-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Sciences Directorate, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars ; Spacecraft
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Surface of young Jupiter family comet 81P/Wild 2: view from the Stardust Spacecraft (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-19
    Description: Images taken by the Stardust mission during its flyby of 81P/Wild 2 show the comet to be a 5-kilometer oblate body covered with remarkable topographic features, including unusual circular features that appear to be impact craters. The presence of high-angle slopes shows that the surface is cohesive and self-supporting. The comet does not appear to be a rubble pile, and its rounded shape is not directly consistent with the comet being a fragment of a larger body. The surface is active and yet it retains ancient terrain. Wild 2 appears to be in the early stages of its degradation phase as a small volatile-rich body in the inner solar system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brownlee, Donald E -- Horz, Friedrich -- Newburn, Ray L -- Zolensky, Michael -- Duxbury, Thomas C -- Sandford, Scott -- Sekanina, Zdenek -- Tsou, Peter -- Hanner, Martha S -- Clark, Benton C -- Green, Simon F -- Kissel, Jochen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1764-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. brownlee@astro.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cosmic Dust ; Gases ; *Meteoroids ; Spacecraft ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Clementine observations of the aristarchus region of the moon (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-16
    Description: Multispectral and topographic data acquired by the Clementine spacecraft provide information on the composition and geologic history of the Aristarchus region of the moon. Altimetry profiles show the Aristarchus plateau dipping about 1 degrees to the north-northwest and rising about 2 kilometers above the surrounding lavas of Oceanus Procellarum to the south. Dark, reddish pyroclastic glass covers the plateau to average depths of 10 to 30 meters, as determined from the estimated excavation depths of 100- to 1000-meter-diameter craters that have exposed materials below the pyroclastics. These craters and the walls of sinuous rilles also show that mare basalts underlie the pyroclastics across much of the plateau. Near-infrared images of Aristarchus crater reveal olivine-rich materials and two kilometer-sized outcrops of anorthosite in the central peaks. The anorthosite could be either a derivative of local magnesium-suite magmatism or a remnant of the ferroan anorthosite crust that formed over the primordial magma ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McEwen, A S -- Robinson, M S -- Eliason, E M -- Lucey, P G -- Duxbury, T C -- Spudis, P D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 16;266(5192):1858-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17737082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The clementine mission to the moon: scientific overview (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-16
    Description: In the course of 71 days in lunar orbit, from 19 February to 3 May 1994, the Clementine spacecraft acquired just under two million digital images of the moon at visible and infrared wavelengths. These data are enabling the global mapping of the rock types of the lunar crust and the first detailed investigation of the geology of the lunar polar regions and the lunar far side. In addition, laser-ranging measurements provided the first view of the global topographic figure of the moon. The topography of many ancient impact basins has been measured, and a global map of the thickness of the lunar crust has been derived from the topography and gravity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nozette, S -- Rustan, P -- Pleasance, L P -- Kordas, J F -- Lewis, I T -- Park, H S -- Priest, R E -- Horan, D M -- Regeon, P -- Lichtenberg, C L -- Shoemaker, E M -- Eliason, E M -- McEwen, A S -- Robinson, M S -- Spudis, P D -- Acton, C H -- Buratti, B J -- Duxbury, T C -- Baker, D N -- Jakosky, B M -- Blamont, J E -- Corson, M P -- Resnick, J H -- Rollins, C J -- Davies, M E -- Lucey, P G -- Malaret, E -- Massie, M A -- Pieters, C M -- Reisse, R A -- Simpson, R A -- Smith, D E -- Sorenson, T C -- Breugge, R W -- Zuber, M T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 16;266(5192):1835-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17737076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Deimos encounter by viking: preliminary imaging results (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-01
    Description: Recent close flybys of Deimos by Viking revealed a smooth-appearing surface void of grooves. Higher-resolution pictures showed that the surface was actually covered with craters but that a regolith filled the smaller craters, giving the smooth appearance. The surface was also covered with boulders and bright streak-like markings analogous to base-surge or ejecta cloud deposits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duxbury, T C -- Veverka, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 1;201(4358):812-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17738533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Phobos transit of Mars as viewed by the viking cameras (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-03-17
    Description: A Viking orbiting spacecraft successfully obtained pictures of the martian satellite Phobos with Mars in the background. This is the first time that a single picture was obtained from a spacecraft which contained both a planet and a moon and had significant surface detail visible on both. The region of Mars below Phobos included volcanoes in the Tharsis Montes region. These pictures showed Phobos to be smaller than previously thought. The image of Phobos can be used as a control point to determine the map coordinates of surface features on Mars.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duxbury, T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Mar 17;199(4334):1201-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17745607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Viking first encounter of phobos: preliminary results (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-06
    Description: During the last 2 weeks of February 1977, an intensive scientific investigation of the martian satellite Phobos was conducted by the Viking Orbiter-1 (VO-1) spacecraft. More than 125 television pictures were obtained during this period and infrared observations were made. About 80 percent of the illuminated hemisphere was imaged at a resolution of about 30 meters. Higher resolution images of limited areas were also obtained. Flyby distances within 80 kilometers of the surface were achieved. An estimate of the mass of Phobos (GM) was obtained by observing the effect of Phobos's gravity on the orbit of VO-1 as sensed by Earth-based radiometric tracking. Preliminary results indicate a value of GM of 0.00066 +/- 0.00012 cubic kilometer per second squared (standard deviation of 3) and a mean density of about 1.9 +/- 0.6 gram per cubic centimeter (standard deviation of 3). This low density, together with the low albedo and the recently determined spectral reflectance, suggest that Phobos is compositionally similar to type I carbonaceous chondrites. Thus, either this object formed in the outer part of the asteroid belt or Lewis's theory that such material cannot condense at 1.5 astronomical units is incorrect. The data on Phobos obtained during this first encounter period are comparable in quantity to all of the data on Mars returned by Mariner flights 4, 6, and 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tolson, R H -- Duxbury, T C -- Born, G H -- Christensen, E J -- Diehl, R E -- Farless, D -- Hildebrand, C E -- Mitchell, R T -- Molko, P M -- Morabito, L A -- Palluconi, F D -- Reichert, R J -- Taraji, H -- Veverka, J -- Neugebauer, G -- Findlay, J T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 6;199(4324):61-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17841954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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