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How the Red Queen drives terrestrial mammals to extinction (2013)

T. B. Quental ; C. R. Marshall

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 341(6143): 290-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1239431.

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Publication Date: 2013-06-22

Description: Most species disappear by the processes of background extinction, yet those processes are poorly understood. We analyzed the evolutionary dynamics of 19 Cenozoic terrestrial mammalian clades with rich fossil records that are now fully extinct or in diversity decline. We find their diversity loss was not just a consequence of "gamblers ruin" but resulted from the evolutionary loss to the Red Queen, a failure to keep pace with a deteriorating environment. Diversity loss is driven equally by both depressed origination rates and elevated extinction rates. Although we find diversity-dependent origination and extinction rates, the diversity of each clade only transiently equaled the implied equilibrium diversity. Thus, the processes that drove diversity loss in terrestrial mammal clades were fundamentally nonequilibrial and overwhelmed diversity-dependent processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quental, Tiago B -- Marshall, Charles R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 19;341(6143):290-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1239431. Epub 2013 Jun 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ecologia, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. tbquental@usp.br〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; *Mammals

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Has the Earth's sixth mass extinction already arrived? (2011)

A. D. Barnosky ; N. Matzke ; S. Tomiya ; [et al.]

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

In: Nature. 471(7336): 51-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09678.

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Publication Date: 2011-03-04

Description: Palaeontologists characterize mass extinctions as times when the Earth loses more than three-quarters of its species in a geologically short interval, as has happened only five times in the past 540 million years or so. Biologists now suggest that a sixth mass extinction may be under way, given the known species losses over the past few centuries and millennia. Here we review how differences between fossil and modern data and the addition of recently available palaeontological information influence our understanding of the current extinction crisis. Our results confirm that current extinction rates are higher than would be expected from the fossil record, highlighting the need for effective conservation measures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnosky, Anthony D -- Matzke, Nicholas -- Tomiya, Susumu -- Wogan, Guinevere O U -- Swartz, Brian -- Quental, Tiago B -- Marshall, Charles -- McGuire, Jenny L -- Lindsey, Emily L -- Maguire, Kaitlin C -- Mersey, Ben -- Ferrer, Elizabeth A -- R01 GM069801/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 3;471(7336):51-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09678.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. barnosky@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21368823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods/trends ; Earth (Planet) ; Endangered Species/history/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; *Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Human Activities ; Humans

Print ISSN: 0028-0836

Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

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Recent synchronous radiation of a living fossil (2011)

N. S. Nagalingum ; C. R. Marshall ; T. B. Quental ; [et al.]

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 334(6057): 796-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1209926.

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Publication Date: 2011-10-25

Description: Modern survivors of previously more diverse lineages are regarded as living fossils, particularly when characterized by morphological stasis. Cycads are often cited as a classic example, reaching their greatest diversity during the Jurassic-Cretaceous (199.6 to 65.5 million years ago) then dwindling to their present diversity of ~300 species as flowering plants rose to dominance. Using fossil-calibrated molecular phylogenies, we show that cycads underwent a near synchronous global rediversification beginning in the late Miocene, followed by a slowdown toward the Recent. Although the cycad lineage is ancient, our timetrees indicate that living cycad species are not much older than ~12 million years. These data reject the hypothesized role of dinosaurs in generating extant diversity and the designation of today's cycad species as living fossils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nagalingum, N S -- Marshall, C R -- Quental, T B -- Rai, H S -- Little, D P -- Mathews, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):796-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1209926. Epub 2011 Oct 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. nathalie.nagalingum@rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Bayes Theorem ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate Change ; *Cycadophyta/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Genes, Plant ; *Genetic Speciation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Clade competition in North American canids [Evolution] (2015)

Silvestro, D., Antonelli, A., Salamin, N., Quental, T. B.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2015-07-15

Description: The history of biodiversity is characterized by a continual replacement of branches in the tree of life. The rise and demise of these branches (clades) are ultimately determined by changes in speciation and extinction rates, often interpreted as a response to varying abiotic and biotic factors. However, understanding the relative...

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General

Published by National Academy of Sciences

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