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  • 1
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    Modeling Enhancements in Routing Protocols under Mobility and Scalability Constraints in VANETs (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-04
    Description: This paper presents mathematical framework for calculating transmission probability in IEEE 802.11p based networks at Medium access control (MAC) layer, mathematical framework for calculating energy costs of the chosen routing protocols at network layer, and enhancements in optimized link state routing (OLSR), dynamic source routing, (DSR) and fish-eye state routing (FSR) to tackle delay in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Besides the enhancements, we analyze ad hoc ondemand distance vector (AODV) along with OLSR, DSR, and FSR as well. To evaluate the effect of our proposed transmission probabilities in the selected routing protocols, we choose network throughput, end-to-end delay (E2ED), and normalized routing load (NRL) as performance metrics. We also investigate the effect of different mobilities as well as scalabilities on the overall efficiency of the enhanced and default versions of the selected protocols. Simulations results which are conducted in NS-2 show that overall DSR-mod outperforms rest of the protocols.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-1477
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 2
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    Homology of cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (IL-10) to the Epstein-Barr virus gene BCRFI (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-08
    Description: Complementary DNA clones encoding mouse cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF; interleukin-10), which inhibits cytokine synthesis by TH1 helper T cells, were isolated and expressed. The predicted protein sequence shows extensive homology with an uncharacterized open reading frame, BCRFI, in the Epstein-Barr virus genome, suggesting the possibility that this herpes virus exploits the biological activity of a captured cytokine gene to enhance its survival in the host.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, K W -- Vieira, P -- Fiorentino, D F -- Trounstine, M L -- Khan, T A -- Mosmann, T R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 8;248(4960):1230-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2161559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon/genetics ; *Genes, Viral ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/*genetics ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukins/*genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Habitat use and movement of river blackfish (Gadopsis marmoratus R.) in a highly modified Victorian stream, Australia (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Ecology of freshwater fish 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract –  Movement and habitat use of river blackfish (Gadopsis marmoratus R.) was studied in a highly modified central Victorian stream (Birch Creek), Australia, using radio telemetry (N = 10) and mark–recapture (N = 113) between October 2001 to May 2002, and November to December 2002 respectively. Blackfish had a small home range of 10–26 m with strong affinity to a pool. However, small movements within a pool were common which resulted in relatively large cumulative movements. At a diel scale there were no significant differences in blackfish movement between day and night (Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 0.95). Six of seven blackfish translocated 40 m upstream or downstream of their original positions returned within 48 h, suggesting strong affinity not only to a pool, but also to a small region within a pool. Blackfish utilised slow flowing (0–20 cm s−1) and deep waters (40–60 cm). Blackfish were strongly associated with the instream cover habitats of undercut banks and boulders. Significant differences were recorded in instream cover and water velocity used by blackfish between day and night (Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 〈0.01). At night blackfish used open areas with high water velocities whereas during the day blackfish used complex undercut banks with low water velocities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2004.00068.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The level scheme of133Sb (1978)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 285 (1978), S. 305-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Nuclear spectroscopy studies of 51 133 Sb82 have been performed at the recoil fission product separators JOSEF and LOHENGRIN. A tentative level scheme has been established for this nucleus with one proton in addition to the doubly closed shell core132Sn. Two isomeric states with half-lives of 3 and 16 μs have been found at excitation energies of 〉4300 keV and 4526 keV, respectively. Lower limits of 15/2 are deduced for the spins of these levels. The h11/2 proton state is suggested at 2792 keV in agreement with the systematics of the lighter Z=51 isotopes and the heavier N=82 isotones. Several states have been observed between 4300 and 4600 keV which are probably due to the coupling of the single proton to core-excited states which have energies between 4000 and 4800 keV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01408244
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the excited 0+ states through conversion electron spectroscopy of neutron rich Zr and Mo fission products (1975)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 275 (1975), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A windowless Si(Li) electron detector has been used in conjunction with the gas filled fission product separator JOSEF to study totally converted transitions in Zr and Mo isotopes. The existence of twoβ-decay modes in96Y,98Y and100Nb is confirmed. The half-lives of theβ-decaying levels feeding O 2 + states in96Zr and98Zr are 6.0 ± 0.4 sec and 0.60±0.05 sec respectively. A search for other first excited O 2 + states shows that no such states are apparent in100Zr and104Mo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01409298
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theβ-decays of99Y and99Zr and the level schemes of99Zr and99Nb (1979)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 289 (1979), S. 197-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theβ-decays of99Y and99Zr have been investigated with the two recoil fission product separators JOSEF and LOHENGRIN. Half-lives of 1.51±0.08s and 2.1±0.1s respectively, have been determined. Aβ-decaying isomeric state has been observed in99Y. The level schemes of 40 99 Zr59 and 41 99 Nb58 have been established fromγ-ray spectroscopy. Absoluteγ-intensities have been obtained by means of two independent techniques. Halflives of 293±10 ns for the 251.9 keV state and 10.2±1.5 ns for the 614.0 or 667.2 keV level in99Zr have been measured through delayedβ,γ- andγ,γ-coincidence experiments. Values for the spins and parities of the low lying levels in99Zr are proposed in accordance with the systematics of lighter odd Zr isotopes. Spins and partities are assigned to some levels in99Nb fromγ,γ-angular correlation measurements. In this nucleus there is evidence for three-particle configurations of some excited states, where the odd proton is coupled to two neutrons which are in different orbits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01435938
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theβ-decay of100Y: Discovery of a very low lying 0+ state in100Zr (1977)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 283 (1977), S. 105-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theβ-decay of100Y has been investigated at the gas filled recoil separator JOSEF by means ofγ-ray and conversion electron spectroscopy. Twoβ-decay modes, of half lives 0.94±0.03 s and 0.55±0.15 s, have been observed. Using Xγ-, Xce-, γγ- andγce-coincidences the level scheme of100Zr has been constructed. An excited 0 2 + state at 331.3 keV has been discovered in this nucleus. Theβ-decay from the 0.55 s decay mode in100Y shows a strong preference for the ground state compared to the 0 2 + state in100Zr. The structure of100Zr and the nature of the 0 2 + level is discussed in the light of the present results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01434071
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion to skin (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 20 (1985), S. 3621-3630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A modified adhesive peel test is described in which a spring is inserted between the test machine cross-head and the peeling strip. In tests using two pressure sensitive surgical adhesives (uncrosslinked elastomers) this “soft machine” gives results which differ significantly from those obtained with a conventional “hard machine”. In particular, when peeling energy is plotted against peeling velocity, the soft machine reveals a regime of low energy peeling and a transition to the normal high energy peeling. The transition behaviour has been studied as a function of adhesive thickness, cross-head speed and spring stiffness. The phenomena revealed by soft machine testing are interpreted in terms of variations in crack-tip radius caused by flow of the uncrosslinked rubber. The practical implication is that far more information can be obtained from soft machine tests than from conventional hard machine tests. The problem of oscillating peel force is also eliminated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01113769
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion to skin (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 2833-2841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The failure energy of an adhesive bond can be factorized into two terms, one of which is a dimensionless loss function and the other, the true interfacial bonding energy,θ 0. Experimental techniques have been developed to effect a separation of these two terms and thus measureθ 0, but they are unsuitable for the pressure-sensitive adhesives used in surgical tapes and dressings. This is because these adhesives flow readily under load. This paper describes an extrapolation technique by which this problem can be resolved. Adhesive peel data are extrapolated both to zero peel velocity and zero load, to give a true threshold value for peeling energy which is independent of temperature. Values ofθ 0 are given for a natural-rubber based adhesive and substrates of glass and human skinin vivo. For glassθ 0 = 28J m−2 and for normal skinθ 0 ≃ 14J m-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01086479
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic transformation of 2,4,6-TNT and related nitroaromatic compounds by Clostridium acetobutylicum (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 18 (1997), S. 198-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: TNT; Clostridium acetobutylicum; transformation kinetics; transformation extent; mass balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The transformation of TNT and related aminated nitrotoluenes by Clostridium acetobutylicum was investigated. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was rapidly reduced (537 nM min−1 mg protein−1) to undetermined end products via monohydroxylamino derivatives. TNT reduction was more rapid than that of 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene and 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene. The metabolic phase of clostridial cultures affected rates and extents of transformation of TNT and its intermediates. Acidogenic cultures showed rapid transformation rates and the ability to transform TNT and its primary reduction products to below detection limits; solventogenic cultures did not transform TNT completely, and showed accumulation of its hydroxylamino derivatives. Carbon monoxide-induced solventogenesis was capable of slowing the transformation of TNT and intermediates. Studies employing [ring-U-14C]-TNT demonstrated that no significant mineralization occurred and that products of transformation were water-soluble.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900328
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