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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF REAL PRODUCT AND ITS COMPOSITION: 1950–77 (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 26 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Structural relationships estimated from data obtained in a benchmark study of the expenditures and prices of 16 countries are used to develop a table of real gross domestic product and shares of gross domestic product devoted to private and public consumption and investment for each of over 100 countries in the years 1950 and 1960 through 1977. Price level estimates for total product and the three components are also provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1980.tb00128.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE STRUCTURE OF THE WORLD ECONOMY (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 27 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The United Nations' newly completed study of purchasing power parities covering 34 countries varied in region, income level, and form of economic organization shows the systematic differences between the usual view of the structure of the world economy arising out of international comparisons based upon foreign exchange rate conversions and the structure one sees when actual prices are available.The real per capita GDP of developing countries is understated relative to developed countries when exchange rates are used in converting countries' national income accounts to a common currency, with the degree of understatement for any two countries being inversely related to the per capita income difference between them. The reason for this is that relative prices in the non-traded goods sector are lower relative to traded goods prices in low income countries. The systematic pattern observed in the 1975 data of the 34 countries has been extrapolated over time and space to get estimates of GDP for other years and countries.In the absence of detailed price data, the real shares of final expenditures devoted to particular components of the total can only be estimated as the proportion of own currency total expenditure devoted to the components. The observed differences in the pattern of prices of poor countries relative to rich for different components makes this clearly wrong for international comparisons, and in systematic ways. For example, (i) the relative price of services compared with commodities in poor countries is lower than in rich; so the apparent tendency of the share of services to rise as a country's income rises disappears when real quantities are considered; similarly, (ii) the relative price of capital goods is greater in poor countries compared with rich ones, so the difference in investment ratios out of GDP between rich and poor countries is understated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1981.tb00241.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A NEW SET OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF REAL PRODUCT AND PRICE LEVELS ESTIMATES FOR 130 COUNTRIES, 1950–1985 (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A new set of international comparisons covering the period 1950–85 is developed here for 121 market and 9 centrally planned economies. This new so-called Penn World Table (Mark 4), a completely revised and updated expansion of an equivalent table published by the authors in 1984, draws on the data of two previously unavailable international comparison benchmark studies. This article presents a detailed description of all estimation procedures, and excerpts from the overall DATA TABLE covering two years, 1980 and 1985. Three computer diskettes accompanying this article (and also available from the authors) contain the complete 36–year, 60,000 entry DATA TABLE in a form that economizes on scarce journal space and is immediately machine-readable. For the 121 market economies, the DATA TABLE gives annually, in addition to population and exchange rates, real product and price level estimates for four different national income concepts, and for the major subaggregates, consumption, investment, and government. Only population and real gross domestic product estimates are given for the nine centrally planned economies, however.This new table is one more step toward the goal of establishing a new worldwide System of Real National Accounts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00558.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IMPROVED INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF REAL PRODUCT AND ITS COMPOSITION: 1950–1980 (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 30 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A set of international comparisons is developed for 124 countries over the three post World War II decades, 1950-80. A Data Table is presented which gives, for most countries and most years, real product estimates for three different national income concepts and for the major subaggregates consumption, investment, and government. Detailed comparative price level estimates are provided as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1984.tb00486.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMMENTS ON: “SELECTED PROBLEMS OF INTERCOUNTRY COMPARISONS ON THE BASIS OF THE EXPERIENCE OF THE EEC” (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 28 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper by Gerardi covers considerable ground, touching on a wide variety of issues in the area of international comparisons of product and purchasing power. Since our views on most of these subjects have been expounded in one or another of the International Comparison Project volumes and we will concentrate mainly on the central issue raised by Gerardi of the selection of an aggregation process that must somehow take account of the tastes of all the people who are the subject of an international comparison inquiry. In addition, we comment on some other points including the notion of special purpose PPPs. Finally, we make a brief statement about where we think future research will be most useful in improving international comparisons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1982.tb00625.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTERNATIONAL PRICE COMPARISONS BASED UPON INCOMPLETE DATA (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 19 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is directed at the following question: given an incomplete set of price data relating to goods or services in some category of output for each of a number of different countries, what arithmetic should be performed on the prices to get a meaningful representation of the relative category price-levels of the countries? In the course of developing an answer to the question, some broader matters are considered and illuminated. A comparison of category price-levels for different countries is analogous to a commonly-encountered problem in many areas, that of ranking ordinally or cardinally in one dimension a group of “entities”—persons, households, firms, industries, etc.—on the basis of sets of measurements associated with the individual entities. It is this point of view which dominates the following presentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1973.tb00870.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SUBSTITUTED PHENYLQUINOLINES1 (1955)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 20 (1955), S. 1738-1742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01364a022
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Differential-Productivity Hypothesis and Purchasing-Power Parties: Some New Evidence (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of international economics 2 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The structure of prices of goods entering into international trade relative to those that do not plays a key role in the Balassa-Samuelson explanation of why countries ‘exchange rates differ systematically from their currencies’ purchasing power. the B-S analysis leads to the proposition that the tradable-nontradable price difference is lower for rich countries than for poor. This paper examines the gap, using prices collected by the International Comparison Programme. A variety of regressions were run to see if indeed the difference between tradable and nontradable price parities moved with income in the way B-S expected. They did.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.1994.tb00042.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell fusion-independent differentiation of neural stem cells to the endothelial lineage (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 430 (2004), S. 350-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Somatic stem cells have been claimed to possess an unexpectedly broad differentiation potential (referred to here as plasticity) that could be induced by exposing stem cells to the extracellular developmental signals of other lineages in mixed-cell cultures. Recently, this and other ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02604
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the spermatozoon of Pennaria tiarella (coelenterata) (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 131 (1970), S. 117-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Spermatozoa of the hydroid Pennaria tiarella were examined with the electron microscope. The anterior region is characterized by the presence of 30-40 membrane-bounded vesicles which lie anterior to the nucleus. These vesicles are apparently derived from the Golgi apparatus.The nucleus is conical in shape with a protrusion at the anterior end. Posteriorly it is indented by four radially arranged mitochondria. Lying within the fossa formed by the mitochondria are proximal and distal (filament forming) centrioles. The distal centriole is characterized by nine centriole satellite projections which emanate from its matrix. The tubules of the distal centriole are continuous with the alpha filaments of the tail.The tails are typical 9 + 2 flagella with 9 peripheral doublet (or alpha) filaments surrounding two central (or beta) filaments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051310108
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