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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 27 (1989), S. 41-85 
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Infrared Physics and Technology 35 (1994), S. 493-501 
    ISSN: 1350-4495
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 191 (1992), S. 79-84 
    ISSN: 0378-4371
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 77 (1993), S. 45-49 
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents The high FIR- and pump radiation losses in FIR-lasers with dielectrical waveguide and hybrid output coupler often result in operation near laser threshold. On this bacground we investigated the balance of all laser processes in an open Gaussian resonator in which the pump radiation is reimaged with high quality and with optimum overlap with the FIR-beam. Because of the large resonator cross section (necessary for the large FIR wavelength) vibrational relaxation by diffusion to the wall may turn out as a bottleneck. The calculations however show, that one gains more at the IR-side than one looses at the FIR-side. This effect is especially significant for gases with weak pump absorption. The analysis gives an optimal cavity length of about 0.7 m for worst case molecular parameters. Based on this investigation we have built an FIR Gaussian resonator ring laser with variable interferometer output coupler. We discuss first results with this system, confirming it can be operated on many more laser lines than a conventionally designed system, e.g. as a local oscillator for a heterodyne detector.
    Notes: Übersicht Die hohen FIR-sowie Pumpstrahlverluste in FIR-Lasern mit dielektrischem Wellenleiter und Hybridauskoppler bewirken, daß diese üblicherweise nahe der Laserschwelle betrieben werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben wir die Bilanz aller Laserprozesse in einem offenen Gaußresonator untersucht, in dem die Pumpstrahlung mit möglichst hoher Güte und möglichst hohem Überlapp zum FIR-Strahl abgebildet wird. Wegen des aufgrund der großen FIR-Wellenlänge nötigen großen Resonatorquerschnitts wird die auf Diffusion zu den Gefäßwänden beruhende Vibrationsabregung eventuell zu einem Problem. Die Rechnungen zeigen aber, daß man auf der IR-Seite mehr gewinnt, als man auf der FIR-Seite einbüßt. Gerade bei Gasen mit schwacher Pumpabsorption ist dieser Effekt schr stark. Die Analyse ergibt eine optimale Resonatorlänge von ca. 0.7 m für ungünstige Molekülparameter. Basierend auf diesen Untersuchungen haben wir einen Ringlaser mit offenem Resonator und variabler Interferometerauskopplung aufgebaut. Wir diskutieren erste experimentelle Ergebnisse mit diesem System, die bestätigen, daß es auf wesentlich mehr Laserlinien z. B. als Lokaloszilator für einen Heterodyne-Empfänger eingesetzt werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 20 (1999), S. 1073-1083 
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: frequency stabilization of FIR lasers ; high resolution THz spectroscopy ; far infrared (FIR) ring lasers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report an automatic frequency control (AFC) for an optically pumped far infrared (FIR) ring laser applicable for high resolution THz sideband spectroscopy by mixing a fraction of the laser power and a harmonic of a phase-locked synthesizer on a planar Schottky diode. We achieve a relative frequency accuracy of about 0.5 kHz rms at 803 GHz ( 15 NH 3 ) and about 1 kHz rms at 1626.6 GHz (CH 2 F 2 ) over hours of lock time. The absolute frequency accuracy is estimated to be about 5 kHz at 1626.6 GHz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 10 (1989), S. 1371-1376 
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: Schottky diode mixers ; submillimeter radiometers ; corner cube mixer structures ; radio astronomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We accurately measured the noise temperature and conversion loss of a cryogenically cooled Schottky diode operating near 800 GHz, using the UCB/MPE Submillimeter Receiver at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The receiver temperature was in the range of the best we now routinely measure, 3150 K (DSB). Without correcting for optical loss or IF mismatch, the raw measurements set upper limits ofT M=2850 K andL M=9.1 dB (DSB), constant over at least a 1 GHz IF band centered at 6.4 GHz with an LO frequency of 803 GHz. Correction for estimated optical coupling and mismatch effects yieldsT M=1600 K andL M=5.5 dB (DSB) for the mixer diode itself. These values indicate that our receiver noise temperature is dominated by the corner cube antenna's optical efficiency and by mixer noise, but not by conversion loss or IF mismatch. The small fractional IF bandwidth, measured mixer IF band flatness from 2 to 8 GHz, and similarly good receiver temperatures at other IF frequencies imply that these values are representative over a range of frequencies near 800 GHz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 13 (1992), S. 1313-1320 
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we describe the design and performance of a variable reflectivity output coupler for optically pumped far infrared (FIR) lasers. The output coupler is a compact, tunable Michelson interferometer. The output coupling ratio (i.e. the Michelson transmission) is adjustable between 0 and ≥60% for laser line wavelengths between 110 and 500 μm. This output coupler provides increased output power and flexibility, since it can be tuned to optimum coupling ratio for different laser lines. Beam profile measurements show that the Michelson output coupler produces a well collimated Gaussian laser beam. Design features are a) the use of 10 μm reflection coated quartz vacuum window which acts as a dichroic mirror for the pump radiation and b) the high mechanical stability obtained by a leaf spring flexure mount of the movable Michelson mirror and by restricted alignment devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 17 (1996), S. 493-506 
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: SIS-mixer ; SIS-receiver ; tunerless mixer ; submillimeter wavelength
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have developed broadband SIS heterodyne receivers for the frequency ranges from 440 to 500 GHz and 630 to 690 GHz. The mixerblocks contain a punched waveguide cavity which forms a fixed backshort. The substrate channel is sawed across the waveguide. The horn antenna is flanged to the mixerblock. The blocks are easy and quickly to manufacture even for the small dimensions needed in the submm wavelength range. We use Nb-Al2O3-Nb junctions with areas of 0.8 µm2 and integrated three step niobium tuning structures. With this design we achieve instantaneous double sideband receiver noise temperatures around 120 K over the frequency range from 660 to 690 GHz and around 80 K from 440 to 500 GHz. The mixer performance agrees well with the design calculations for the tuning structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 17 (1996), S. 1301-1319 
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: far infrared (FIR) lasers ; ring lasers ; local oscillators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We describe the design, construction and first experimental results with an open triangle FIR ring resonator with Michelson interferometer output coupling, which we combined with a Brewster-windowless 10W CO2 pump laser to a compact laser package of 1m length. The achieved stability of power and frequency of this system is very high, typically on the order of ±0.01% over several hours and 〈20kHz per hour at 800GHz. For the design, we investigated the balance of all laser processes and determined the optimum dimensions for the open resonator cavity. This analysis is based on a radially homogenous overall laser model, including commonly accepted simplified rate equations together with molecular parameters for weak FIR laser lines. In accordance with the modelling the efficiency on the very most prominent lines is better than with conventional waveguide lasers, giving up to ≈4 times better efficiencies especially on lines with low absorption pump transitions. Several laser lines, however, have substantially enhanced pump thresholds on purely copropagating emission, suppressing laser operation below about 10W pump power threshold. We show that this can not be due to effects from the interferometer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 8 (1987), S. 857-883 
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: Receivers ; Radio Astronomy ; Submillimeter Techniques ; Schottky Diode Mixers ; Laser Local Oscillators ; Quasi-optics ; Acousto-Optical Spectrometers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The UCB/MPE Submillimeter Heterodyne Spectrometer is a system for ascronomical spectroscopy in the high-frequency atmospheric windows from 500 to 1000 GHz. It contains a molecular laser local oscillator, a cooled Schottky open structure mixer, a quasi-optical coupling system, and an acousto-optical spectrometer. The compact receiver mounts at the Cassegrain focus of large infrared astronomical telescopes. The receiver noise temperature on the telescope is approximately 3500 K (DSB) during observations of the CO J=7→6 line at 806.652 GHz. The spectrometer's frequency resolution and instantaneous bandwidth (〈2 MHz resolution across 1.1 GHz) are well suited for observations of molecular emission lines from a variety of astronomical sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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