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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 11 (1994), S. 311-312 
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 22 (1999), S. 223-224 
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 18 (1997), S. 75-85 
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: piston cores ; Livingstone corer ; Kullenberg corer ; laminated lake sediments ; varves ; Soppensee ; stratigraphy ; thin-sections ; x-radiographs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In order to compare two widely used piston-coring techniques, parallel cores were taken with both a Kullenberg and a Livingstone corer in the deepest part of Soppensee (25 m), a small eutrophic Swiss lake containing varved sediments. The cores were taken within a horizontal distance of 3 m and yield comparable stratigraphic records. Differences in millimetre-scale microstructure are attributed to primary sedimentation processes at the water/sediment interface. Sediment thin-sections, as well as sediment x-radiograph investigations, reveal no difference in microstructure that could unequivocally be attributed to one of the coring methods used. The differences in deposition are therefore thought to reflect the inherent variability of lacustrine sedimentation in Soppensee. Major differences in overall core recovery do occur, however, in organic-rich, highly porous sediments. These variations are primarily attributed to differential gas expansion. Actual sediment-accumulation rates can therefore only be correctly estimated if the sedimentary record can be constrained within a high-resolution temporal framework, e.g. by annual laminations.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Key words: Lakes, catchment, land use, climate, nitrogen, phosphate.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: 68 lakes (63 Swiss, 2 French and 3 Italian) located in an altitudinal range between 334 and 2339m spanning a wide range of land-use have been investigated. The aim of the study was to discuss influences of geographic location, vegetation and land-use in the catchment area on the water and sediment chemistry of small lakes. Detailed quantitative description of land-use, vegetation, and climate in the watershed of all lakes was established. Surface and bottom water samples collected from each lake were analyzed for major ions and nutrients. Correlations were interpreted using linear regression analysis. Chemical parameters of water and sediment reflect the characteristics of the catchment areas. All lakes were alkaline since they were situated on calcareous bedrock. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus strongly increase with increasing agricultural land-use. Na and K, however, are positively correlated with the amount of urbanization within the catchment area. These elements as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Mg, Ca, and alkalinity, increase when the catchment is urbanized or used for agriculture. Total nitrogen and organic carbon in the sediments decrease distinctly if large parts of the catchment consist of bare land. No correlations between sediment composition and maximum water depth or altitude of the lakes were found.¶Striking differences in the water compositions of lakes above and below approximately 700 m of altitude were observed. Concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrate, total phosphorus, DOC, Na, K, Mg, Ca, and alkalinity are distinctly higher in most lakes below 700 m than above, and the pH of the bottom waters of these lakes is generally lower. Estimates of total nitrogen concentrations, even in remote areas, indicate that precipitation is responsible for increased background concentrations. At lower altitudes nitrogen concentrations in lakes is explained by the nitrogen loaded rain from urban areas deposited on the catchment, and with high percentages of agricultural land-use in the watershed.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract For the extension of the radiocarbon calibration curve beyond 10000 14C y BP, laminated sediment from Lake Soppensee (central Switzerland) was dated. The radiocarbon time scale was obtained using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of terrestrial macrofossils selected from the Soppensee sediment. Because of an unlaminated sediment section during the Younger Dryas (10000–11000 14C y BP), the absolute time scale, based on counting annual layers (varves), had to be corrected for missing varves. The Soppensee radiocarbon-verve chronology covers the time period from 6000 to 12000 14C y BP on the radiocarbon time scale and 7000 to 13000 calendar y BP on the absolute time scale. The good agreement with the tree ring curve in the interval from 7000 to 11450 cal y BP (cal y indicates calendar year) proves the annual character of the laminations. The ash layer of the Vasset/Killian Tephra (Massif Central, France) is dated at 8230±140 14C y BP and 9407±44 cal y BP. The boundaries of the Younger Dryas biozone are placed at 10986±69 cal y BP (Younger Dryas/Preboreal) and 1212±86 cal y BP (Alleröd/Younger Dryas) on the absolute time scale. The absolute age of the Laacher See Tephra layer, dated with the radiocarbon method at 10 800 to 11200 14C y BP, is estimated at 12350 ± 135 cal y BP. The oldest radiocarbon age of 14190±120 14C y BP was obtained on macrofossils of pioneer vegetation which were found in the lowermost part of the sediment profile. For the late Glacial, the offset between the radiocarbon (10000–12000 14C y BP) and the absolute time scale (11400–13000 cal y BP) in the Soppensee chronology is not greater than 1000 years, which differs from the trend of the U/Th-radiocarbon curve derived from corals.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Climate dynamics 6 (1992), S. 233-239 
    ISSN: 1432-0894
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results of high-resolution AMS 14C dating of terrestrial plant macrofossils from late-glacial and early-Holocene lake deposits in Switzerland show three periods with constant radiocarbon ages. These plateaux of constant age occur at 12700, 10000, and 9500 y BP. A comparison of this radiocarbon chronology with a varve chronology documents discrepancies between the sidereal and the radiocarbon time-scale for the late-glacial period. The age-plateaux and the time-scale discrepancies have a significant impact on the estimation of rates of change during this period: estimates of rates of change can be very misleading if calculated on the basis of radiocarbon ages. This is illustrated by an example of estimated rates of late-glacial and early Holocene palynological change in Switzerland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: lake sediments ; late- and postglacial history ; palynology ; biogenic carbonate production ; eutrophication ; heavy metals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Attersee represents a good example of a lake situated in the Northern forelands of the Northern Calcareous Alps and influenced by different sediment-supplying processes during the postglacial. Several compounds, of different origin, form the sediments of the basin. Clastics which are mainly composed of dolomites derive from the Northern Calcareous Alps. Clastic input of organic and inorganic particles is accomplished by rivers and landslides. They are responsible for the main input of siliciclasts like quartz, feldspar and mica. A high proportion of the sediment results from autochthonous biogenic carbonate precipitation. In the shallow sublittoral areas of the northern part of the lake benthic decalcification caused by encrusting macro- and micro-phytes is dominant, while in the southern and central parts of the lake epilimnetic decalcification caused by the blooming of phytoplancton is more important during summer. The total biogenic calcium carbonate production reaches about 11 000 to 12 000 metric tons a year. Nutrients and residues of cyanophytes (Oscillatoria rubescens) deriving from the eutrophic lake Mondsee were washed into lake Attersee by the Mondseeache. High amount of phosphorus in the sediments of the southern basin depicts local eutrophication in the mouth area of the Mondseeache. The average sedimentation rate in lake Attersee can be determined by different dating methods. Sedimentation rates increased during the last 110 years from 1 mm a year to 1.8–2 mm a year as a result of human activities. Five main phases in the postglacial sedimentary history can be recognized: Würm moraines and finely banded varves (before 13 000 B.P.), the early Attersee stage (from 13 000 B.P. up to 1200 B.P.), and the later Attersee stage after the Bavarian colonization (from 1200 B.P. on). Using heavy metal and isotope analyses the sedimentary history can be reconstructed in more detail for the last 100 years.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 143 (1986), S. 227-232 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: lake sediments ; clastic deposits ; sediment echography ; turbidities ; sedimentary history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Traunsee was formed by glacial overdeepening of a pre-existing fault system. Present-day morphology is characterized by a deep (189 m) narrow trough with steep slopes (〉50°) in the southern part surrounded by the Northern Calcareous Alps. The northern part of the lake is bordered by flysch and glacial deposits with gentle slopes (〈30°) and exhibits several ridges, basins and troughs. During the late and postglacial period, more than 45 m of sediment has accumulated in the central basin. Sedimentation in the southern part of Traunsee is mainly controlled by the river Traun forming a prograding delta in the south and — within the past 50 years — by industrial tailings consisting mainly of calcite. Sediments are distributed by undercurrents and by turbidites. Cores from the central basin thus show an intercalation of Traun-derived dolomite-rich sediments with anthropogenic muds from the tailings deposited up to more than 6 km from its source. Within the northern basin, land slides from the flysch region played an important role leading to drastic changes in the morphology of slopes and adjacent basins. These slumps have persisted until historic times. Sedimentation in the shallow sublittoral regions is dominated by benthic biogenic decalcification. The frequency of turbidite sedimentation within the profundal basin decreased during the last 200 years probably due to man's activities in the drainage area such as regulation of rivers and torrents. Sedimentation rates during the past decades range from 2–3 cm/a in the southern basin to 0.4 cm/a in the northern part as shown by 137Cs-dating.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 143 (1986), S. 401-405 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: lake sediments ; turbidites ; tailings ; geochemistry ; environmental hazards
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tailings from salt work and a soda work have been pumped into the southern part of Traunsee (bay of Ebensee) for more than 50 years. Solid wastes have accumulated to form a pile 〉 40 m high with a total volume of 〉 3 × 106 m3. The sandy silty mud consists of calcite and other phases of CaCO3, brucite, CaO resp. Ca(OH)2 and gypsum. The chemical environment of the mud is characterized by extreme alkaline pore water (pH 〉 10 up to 12.5; total amount of pore water: 3 × 106 t) and highly negative Eh-values. These values result from the pumped tailings and from postdepositional chemical processes such as dissolution resp. reaction of CaO, brucite and gypsum and precipitation of CaCO3. The high water content of the mud and the steep slopes (〉 15°) are responsible for frequent debris flows near the waste inlet, and occasional turbidity currents flow down to the distal basin floor. One particular current may transport up to 4 × 105 m3 of alkaline mud as far as 6 km from the inlet into the profundal basin plain, intercalating with natural lake sediments. Sedimentation rates in the northern part of Traunsee within the last decades are isotopically measured as 0.4–0.5 cm/a. In the central basin the sedimentation rates within the last 50 years are in the range of 2–3 cm/a. Up to 75% of the profundal sediments consist of industrial tailings and turbidites. Thus, within a substantial portion of the profundal zone (about 15%) the benthic fauna and the chemical environment of the sediments are influenced by the alkaline tailings.
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