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Fractal analysis of rubber wear surfaces and debris (1988)

Stupak, P. R. ; Donovan, J. A.

Springer

Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 2230-2242

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ISSN: 1573-4803

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Abstract The wear surface and debris of three rubber compounds (NR, PBD and NR/PBD/SBR), worn on a modified blade abrader, were fractal. The fractal dimension of the wear surface was: (1) limited to a finite range, and if the wear mechanism remained the same; (2) independent of the wear load; and (3) the basis for creating a master fractal plot by a shift factor that (4) decreased linearly with wear load. The fractal dimension of wear was determined on the basis of profilometer traces and showed that the wear load affected the scale of the wear process. The fractal dimension of the debris also increased with the wear load and is thought to be a function of the agglomeration mechanism during wear.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01115793

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Uniaxial and biaxial flexural fatigue of glass reinforced inter-penetrated network polymer composites (1994)

Stupak, P. R. ; D'Amore, A. ; Rigale, F. ; [et al.]

Springer

Applied composite materials 1 (1994), S. 19-33

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ISSN: 1573-4897

Keywords: Flexural fatigue ; Glass reinforced composites

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Conclusions Flexural fatigue of uniaxially and biaxially stressed IPN/glass mat composites was investigated using four point bend (4PB) and concentrically loaded (CL) specimen geometries. Regions of nearly constant bending moment between the inner spans of a 4PB beam and within the inner annulus of a CL circular plate yield quasi-uniform uniaxial and biaxial stress, respectively, on the tensile faces. The specimen dimensions were optimized for both loading geometries to give: (1) reduced specimen deflection through maximizing the ratio of the induced tensile stresses to the applied load, (2) minimized contact stresses by maximizing the induced stress with respect to the unit contact load, and (3) a large material volume exposed to the maximum cyclic stress (i.e., statistical fracture initiation). A power model was used to analyze the fatigue data for the 4PB and CL specimens. Both IPN composite materials studied fatigued more rapidly under the more severe loading conditions imposed by the CL specimen geometry. Fractography revealed that debond fracture was the dominant damage process for both geometries. The initial debond cracks were uniformly distributed throughout the stressed regions, confirming the presence of nearly uniform tensile stress. Damage localization followed after further cycling and was characterized by a locally high debond fracture density, fiber fracture, and always occurred where several glass strands crossed near the specimen surface. Final specimen failure resulted from the preferential growth of dominant cracks through the specimen thickness.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567209

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Deformation and energy absorption of polymer foams as a function of 2-D indenter and absorber geometries (1994)

Stupak, P. R. ; Donovan, J. A.

Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 857-864

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ISSN: 0032-3888

Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics

Notes: Two-dimensional indenters (flat plate and cylinder) were used to compress rectangular and trapezoidal foam energy absorbers as a function of polymer, foam density, and thickness. An increased deformation volume formed when the indenter contact area was less than the foam absorber area, resulting in both increased energy absorption and stress transmitted to the indenter (i.e., “load spreading”). The deformation volume was trapezoidal, not prismatic, and was characterized by the indenter geometry, dimensions, and foam thickness. Conservative energy absorber design can be achieved by using “energy absorption diagrams” that account for the indenter (i.e., product) and absorber geometry and degree of load spreading.

Additional Material: 14 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760341011

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