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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of H2, CO2 and dilution rate on the continuous fermentation of acetone-butanol (1992)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 37 (1992), S. 533-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The effect of product gases, H2 and CO2, on solvent production was studied using a continuous culture of alginate-immobilized Clostridium acetobutylicum. Initially, in order to find the optimum dilution rate for aceton--butanol production in this system, fermentations were carried out at various dilution rates. With 10% H2 and 10% CO2 in the sparging gas, a dilution rate of 0.07 h−1 was found to maximize volumetric productivity (0.58 g·l−1·h−1), while the maximum specific productivity of 0.27 g−·h−1 occured at 0.12 h−1. Continuous cultures with vigorous sparging of N2 produced only acids. It was concluded that in the case of continuous fermentation H2 is essential for good solvent production, although good solvent production is possible in an H2-absent environment in the case of batch fermentations. When the fermentation was carried out at atmospheric pressure under H2-enriched conditions, the presence of CO2 in the sparging gas did not slow down glucose metabolism; rather it changed the direction of the phosphoroclastic reaction and as a result increased the butanol/acetone ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240720
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of the anaerobic baffled reactor under steady-state and shock loading conditions (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 344-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) contains a granulated, mixed anaerobic culture segregated into compartments. Operation of four reactors under a range of hydraulic retention times showed that this novel reactor design offers highly efficient performance in the conversion of carbon in the feed stream to methane and carbon dioxide. The design parameter varied was the number of compartments. COD removal at 20 h retention time was routinely over 95% in all reactors, with low washout of biomass. Very high specific reaction rates were achievable (although with a loss of efficiency) at low biomass concentrations and high loading rates. In order to optimize volumetric reaction rates, a tradeoff has to be made between high biomass concentration, granule size, and the resulting mass transfer limitations. Formate is shown to be an important intermediate in the process under conditions of high loading.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370408
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A membrane bioreactor for biotransformations of hydrophobic molecules (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 58 (1998), S. 587-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biotransformation ; membrane bioreactor ; silicone rubber ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Membrane Bioreactor for Biotransformations (MBB) is based on the aqueous/organic two-phase system, and uses a tubular silicone rubber membrane to separate the two liquid phases. This avoids the key problem associated with direct contact two-phase processes, specifically, product emulsification. The baker's yeast mediated reduction of geraniol to citronellol was used as a model biotransformation to demonstrate MBB operation. Values for the overall mass transfer coefficient were determined for geraniol, (2.0 × 10-5 ms-1), and for citronellol, (2.1 × 10-5 ms-1) diffusion across the silicone rubber membrane. Using these values, and the specific activity of the biocatalyst (5 nmols-1g biomass-1), a suitable membrane surface area: biomass ratio was determined as 2.4 × 10-3 m2g biomass-1. The bioreactor was operated at this surface area: biomass ratio and achieved a product accumulation rate 90-95% that of a conventional direct contact two-phase system. The slight reduction in product accumulation rate was shown not to be due to mass transfer limitations with respect to reactant delivery or product extraction. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 58: 587-594, 1998.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of Candida cylindracea lipase on colloidal liquid aphrons (CLAs) and development of a continuous CLA-membrane reactor (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 51 (1996), S. 69-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: lipase immobilization ; aphrons ; membrane reactor ; Candida cylindracea ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel technique is described for the immobilization of Candida cylindracea lipase in the soapy-shell of colloidal liquid aphrons (CLAs). CLAs consist of a micron-sized solvent droplet surrounded by a thin, aqueous, soapy-film and are stabilized by a mixture of nonionic and ionic surfactants. Retention of lipase within the CLAs is primarily determined by electrostatic interactions between the surface charges on the protein and those of the anionic surfactant used (SDS) because leakage of the lipase from dispersed CLAs was reduced at low continuous phase pH (〈pl). Leakage was also reduced after successive dispersions and at higher enzyme loading; this latter point suggests that hydrophobic interactions became important as the surface area per molecule increases. The activity of both free and CLA-immobilized lipase was also determined for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate and p-nitrophenyl caprylate at various substrate concentrations and continuous phase pH. The CLA immobilized lipase displayed a broader optimum pH range in both cases and, due to mass transfer limitations, did not exhibit a normal Michaelis-Menten dependence on substrate concentration. Finally, the possibility of scaling-up this new technique was demonstrated by the use of a cross-flow membrane reactor for continuous product separation and recycle of the CLA-immobilized enzyme. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
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    A membrane bioreactor for the biotransformation of α-pinene oxide to isonovalal by Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 11671 (2006)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0175-7598
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0614
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
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    Effect of fluctuations in salinity on anaerobic biomass and production of soluble microbial products (SMPs) (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Print ISSN: 0923-9820
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9729
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    Are Compatible Solutes Compatible with Biological Treatment of Saline Wastewater? Batch and Continuous Studies Using Submerged Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors (SAMBRs) (2010)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-10
    Print ISSN: 0013-936X
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5851
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by American Chemical Society
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