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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of Metals (1938)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 141 (1938), S. 748-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN the note by Dr. A. Müller1 with the above title, the scatter of spots in high-dispersion X-ray photographs was interpreted as indicating variations in lattice constant of individual crystals of the order of 1/1000 to 1/2000. Prof. W. L. Bragg and H. Lipson2 afterwards ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/141748a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Technique for obtaining X-Ray Powder Patterns (1936)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 137 (1936), S. 532-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN our letter in NATURE of November 161, we described a new technique for obtaining X-ray powder patterns using flat specimens. Dr. Brentano maintains2 that the method is, in its principles, the same as his focusing method. Dr. Brentano has always used beams ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/137532a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Technique for Obtaining X-Ray Powder Patterns (1935)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 136 (1935), S. 793-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To obtain the X-ray diffraction pattern of a flat specimen such as is met with in metallurgical practice, the specimen may be mounted in a circular camera and inclined at a small angle to the beam. This is illustrated in Fig. 1. With the usual diaphragm, we have observed that diffraction lines ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/136793b0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Seafloor Borehole Array Seismic System (SEABASS) and VLF ambient noise (1994)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 16 (1994), S. 243-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: seismology ; seafloor ; borehole ; ambient noise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Seafloor Borehole Array Seismic System (SEABASS) has been developed to measure the pressure and threedimensional particle velocity of the VLF sound field (2–50 Hz) below the seafloor in the deep ocean. The system consists of four three-component borehole seismometers (with an optional hydrophone). a borehole digitizing unit, and a seafloor control and recording package. The system can be deployed using a wireline re-entry capability from a conventional research vessel in Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) boreholes. Data from below the seafloor are acquired either onboard the research vessel via coaxial tether or remotely on the seafloor in a self-contained package. If necessary the data module from the seafloor package can be released independently and recovered on the surface. This paper describes the engineering specifications of SEABASS, the tests that were carried out, and preliminary results from an actual deep sea deployment. VLF ambient noise levels beneath the seafloor acquired on the Low Frequency Acoustic-Seismic Experiment (LFASE) are within 20 dB of levels from previous seafloor borehole seismic experiments and from land borehole measurements. The ambient noise observed on LFASE decreases by up to 12 dB in the upper 100 m of the seafloor in a sedimentary environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01224745
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Oblique Seismic Experiment in oceanic crust-equipment and technique (1979)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 4 (1979), S. 213-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In an Oblique Seismic Experiment (OSE), shots which have been generated at the surface from small (〈1 km) to large (〉10 km) ranges, are received in an oceanic crustal borehole. The objective is to study the shallow structure of the oceanic crust in the vicinity of the hole. A three component borehole geophone with a discrete variable gain preamplifier was developed for the experiment by modifying a commercially available tool. The first successful OSE in oceanic crust was carried out on DSDP Leg 52 in March, 1977. The experiment demonstrated the feasibility of instrumenting oceanic crustal boreholes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286406
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Travel-time curves for a simple sea floor model (1982)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 5 (1982), S. 315-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews a simple technique for interpreting the velocity structure of upper oceanic crust from travel-time data of sonobuoy and ocean bottom receiver refraction experiments. The technique does not involve sophisticated digital processing or synthetic seismogram analysis. Interpretations can be carried out with a pencil, paper and slide rule. Travel-time inversion procedures based on the τ-p transformation require the assumption of the shallowmost velocity. In some cases, however, such as oceanic crustal studies, the shallowmost velocity is one tf the critical parameters for which one wishes to invert. An inversion method for the shallowmost velocity is discussed which assumes a constant velocity gradient. The time, range and ray parameter of a point on the travel-time curve are sufficient to obtain the velocity at the top of the gradient zone and the gradient. The method can be used to interpolate the velocity-depth function into regions from which no seismic energy is returned as a first arrival. Once an estimate of the upper crustal velocity is obtained the traditional τ-p procedures can be applied. The model considered consists of a homogeneous layer over a layer in which velocity increases linearly with depth. For such a geometry there are three classes of behaviour of the travel-time curve based on the number of cusps: zero, one or two. The number of cusps depends on the uppermost velocity in the crust, the velocity gradient of the upper crust and the depth of the sources and receivers. It has not been previously recognized that two cusps in the travel time curve may be observed for this simple model. Since estimating the ray parameter from first arrival times is less ambiguous when there are no cusps, understanding the relations involved with the three classes aids in the design of experiments. It is reasonable to apply the model to shallow sea floor structure because of the high quality of marine refraction data which has recently been obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305567
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  • 7
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    Ice shelf structure derived from dispersion curve analysis of ambient seismic noise, Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-14
    Description: An L-configured, three-component short period seismic array was deployed on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica during November 2014. Polarization analysis of ambient noise data from these stations shows linearly polarized waves for frequency bands between 0.2 and 2 Hz. A spectral peak at about 1.6 Hz is interpreted as the resonance frequency of the water column and is used to estimate the water layer thickness below the ice shelf. The frequency band from 4 to 18 Hz is dominated by Rayleigh and Love waves propagating from the north that, based on daily temporal variations, we conclude were generated by field camp activity. Frequency–slowness plots were calculated using beamforming. Resulting Love and Rayleigh wave dispersion curves were inverted for the shear wave velocity profile within the firn and ice to ~150 m depth. The derived density profile allows estimation of the pore close-off depth and the firn–air content thickness. Separate inversions of Rayleigh and Love wave dispersion curves give different shear wave velocity profiles within the firn. We attribute this difference to an effective anisotropy due to fine layering. The layered structure of firn, ice, water and the seafloor results in a characteristic dispersion curve below 7 Hz. Forward modelling the observed Rayleigh wave dispersion curves using representative firn, ice, water and sediment structures indicates that Rayleigh waves are observed when wavelengths are long enough to span the distance from the ice shelf surface to the seafloor. The forward modelling shows that analysis of seismic data from an ice shelf provides the possibility of resolving ice shelf thickness, water column thickness and the physical properties of the ice shelf and underlying seafloor using passive-source seismic data.
    Keywords: Marine Geosciences and Applied Geophysics
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 8
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    Wind Sea behind a Cold Front and Deep Ocean Acoustics (2016)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-10
    Description: A rapid and broadband (1 h, 1 〈 f 〈 400 Hz) increase in pressure and vertical velocity on the deep ocean floor was observed on seven instruments comprising a 20-km array in the northeastern subtropical Pacific. The authors associate the jump with the passage of a cold front and focus on the 4- and 400-Hz spectra. At every station, the time of the jump is consistent with the front coming from the northwest. The apparent rate of progress, 10–20 km h−1 (2.8–5.6 m s−1), agrees with meteorological observations. The acoustic radiation below the front is modeled as arising from a moving half-plane of uncorrelated acoustic dipoles. The half-plane is preceded by a 10-km transition zone, over which the radiator strength increases linearly from zero. With this model, the time derivative of the jump at a station yields a second and independent estimate of the front’s speed, 8.5 km h−1 (2.4 m s−1). For the 4-Hz spectra, the source physics is taken to be Longuet-Higgins radiation. Its strength depends on the quantity , where Fζ is the wave amplitude power spectrum and I the overlap integral. Thus, the 1-h time constant observed in the bottom data implies a similar time constant for the growth of the wave field quantity behind the front. The spectra at 400 Hz have a similar time constant, but the jump occurs 25 min later. The implications of this difference for the source physics are uncertain.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3670
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0485
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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  • 9
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    The Seafloor Borehole Array Seismic System (SEABASS) and VLF ambient noise (1994)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3235
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-0581
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Travel-time curves for a simple sea floor model (1982)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3235
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-0581
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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