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  • 1
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    An ultrasonic time-of-flight system for hand movement measurement (1995)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0967-3334
    Electronic ISSN: 1361-6579
    Topics: Medicine , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Motor program coding representation from a handwriting generator model: The production of line responses (1990)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0340-1200
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0770
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Context-dependent arm pointing adaptation (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We sought to determine the effectiveness of head posture as a contextual cue to facilitate adaptive transitions in manual control during visuomotor distortions. Subjects performed arm pointing movements by drawing on a digitizing tablet, with targets and movement trajectories displayed in real time on a computer monitor. Adaptation was induced by presenting the trajectories in an altered gain format on the monitor. The subjects were shown visual displays of their movements that corresponded to either 0.5 or 1.5 scaling of the movements made. Subjects were assigned to three groups: the head orientation group tilted the head towards the right shoulder when drawing under a 0.5 gain of display and towards the left shoulder when drawing under a 1.5 gain of display; the target orientation group had the home and target positions rotated counterclockwise when drawing under the 0.5 gain and clockwise for the 1.5 gain; the arm posture group changed the elbow angle of the arm they were not drawing with from full flexion to full extension with 0.5 and 1.5 gain display changes. To determine if contextual cues were associated with display alternations, the gain changes were returned to the standard (1.0) display. Aftereffects were assessed to determine the efficacy of the head orientation contextual cue compared to the two control cues. The head orientation cue was effectively associated with the multiple gains. The target orientation cue also demonstrated some effectiveness while the arm posture cue did not. The results demonstrate that contextual cues can be used to switch between multiple adaptive states. These data provide support for the idea that static head orientation information is a crucial component to the arm adaptation process. These data further define the functional linkage between head posture and arm pointing movements.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Behavioural brain research (ISSN 0166-4328); Volume 119; 2; 155-66
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Patterns of transfer of adaptation among body segments (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Two experiments were conducted in order to determine the patterns of transfer of visuomotor adaptation between arm and head pointing. An altered gain of display of pointing movements was used to induce a conflict between visual and somatosensory representations. Two subject groups participated in Experiment 1: group 1 adapted shoulder pointing movements, and group 2 adapted wrist pointing movements to a 0.5 gain of display. Following the adaptation regimen, subjects performed a transfer test in which the shoulder group performed wrist movements and the wrist group performed shoulder movements. The results demonstrated that both groups displayed typical adaptation curves, initially undershooting the target followed by a return to baseline performance. Transfer tests revealed that both groups had high transfer of the acquired adaptation to the other joint. Experiment 2 followed a similar design except that group 1 adapted head pointing movements and group 2 adapted arm pointing movements. The arm adaptation had high transfer to head pointing while the head adaptation had very little transfer to arm pointing. These results imply that, while the arm segments may share a common target representation for goal-directed actions, individual but functionally dependent target representations may exist for the control of head and arm movements.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Behavioural brain research (ISSN 0166-4328); 122; 2; 145-57
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Developing Sensorimotor Countermeasures to Mitigate Post-Flight Locomotor Dysfunction (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Following spaceflight, crewmembers experience postural and locomotor instability. The magnitude and duration of post-flight sensorimotor disturbances increase with longer duration exposure to microgravity. These post-flight postural and locomotor alterations can pose a risk to crew safety and to mission objectives if nominal or emergency vehicle egress is required immediately following long-duration spaceflight. Gait instabilities could prevent or extend the time required to make an emergency egress from the Orbiter, Crew Return Vehicle or a future Martian lander leading to compromised mission objectives. We propose a countermeasure that aids in maintaining functional locomotor performance. This includes retaining the ability to perform vehicular egress and meet early mission objectives soon after landing on a planetary surface.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration; Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Conference on International Space Station Utilization; Oct 15, 2001 - Oct 18, 2001; Kennedy Space Center, FL; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Context-Dependent Arm Pointing Adaptation (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: We sought to determine the effectiveness of head posture as a contextual cue to facilitate adaptive transitions in manual control during visuomotor distortions. Subjects performed arm pointing movements by drawing on a digitizing tablet, with targets and movement trajectories displayed in real time on a computer monitor. Adaptation was induced by presenting the trajectories in an altered gain format on the monitor. The subjects were shown visual displays of their movements that corresponded to either 0.5 or 1.5 scaling of the movements made. Subjects were assigned to three groups: the head orientation group tilted the head towards the right shoulder when drawing under a 0.5 gain of display and towards the left shoulder when drawing under a 1.5 gain of display, the target orientation group had the home & target positions rotated counterclockwise when drawing under the 0.5 gain and clockwise for the 1.5 gain, the arm posture group changed the elbow angle of the arm they were not drawing with from full flexion to full extension with 0.5 and 1.5 gain display changes. To determine if contextual cues were associated with display alternations, the gain changes were returned to the standard (1.0) display. Aftereffects were assessed to determine the efficacy of the head orientation contextual cue. . compared to the two control cues. The head orientation cue was effectively associated with the multiple gains. The target orientation cue also demonstrated some effectiveness while the.arm posture cue did not. The results demonstrate that contextual cues can be used to switch between multiple adaptive states. These data provide support for the idea that static head orientation information is a crucial component to the arm adaptation process. These data further define the functional linkage between head posture and arm pointing movements.
    Keywords: Behavioral Sciences
    Type: JSC-CN-6451
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motor program coding representation from a handwriting generator model: The production of line responses (1990)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 63 (1990), S. 443-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, a model is employed that describes handwriting behaviors activated by curvilinear and angular velocity generators postulated to initiate and regulate pen tip velocity profiles. This model accounts for the observed differences between straight and curved line production and the effect of movement precues on these responses. Of particular interest is the observed interaction between precue information and line execution type for reaction time. It is shown that differences in reaction time can be explained by the model as a function of the number of parameters that need to be specified. Moreover, there is some evidence that the biomechanical system reacts in a privileged manner to command pulses for specific directions, and that the central nervous system attempts to compensate for these asymmetries. These data are some of the first to show that the benefits of precue extend beyond reaction time and that movement execution characteristics are influenced by motor preparation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199576
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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