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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Whole-body autoradiography demonstrated the different distribution of [125I]-C-ANP and [125I]-ANP to rat tissues. Highest enrichment of radioactivity of both labelled peptides was found in the kidney. In some organs we found remarkable differences between [125I]-ANP and [125I]-C-ANP. In the kidney cortex, especially in the glomeruli, as well as in the endocardium, the zona glomerulosa and the medulla of the adrenal gland, where high levels of radioactivity after [125I]-ANP administration were detected, no or just few radioactivity was found after administration of [125I]-C-ANP. On the other hand in the kidney papilla and the outer subcortical medulla, characteristic blackening was found after [125I]-C-ANP administration. Those differences might be important for the understanding of pharmacological actions of ANP analogues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The potent vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin-1 (ET-1), which exhibits a characteristically long-acting activity in vitro and in vivo, is thought to be generated in endothelial cells from a less active intermediate, big endothelin-1 (big ET-1). In addition to ET-1, big ET-1 is also present in the circulation. The autoradiographic localization of 125I-big ET-1 and 125I-ET-1 has been studied after intravenous administration in rat tissues. Highest enrichment of radioactivity was found in the kidney cortex for both peptides. Compared to blood levels, enrichment of radioactivity is also detected, in the vascular wall of the aorta. Comparing the radioactivity pattern of ET-1 and big ET-1, a nearly identical tissue distribution is observed, with the exception of the relative enrichment in the lung and the zona glomerulosa after administration of ET-1. Both radioligands show a specific and saturable binding to lung and kidney membranes. In the case of lung tissue, K i values are 10−10 M for endothelin-1 and 10−8 M for big endothelin-1. This difference in affinities may account for the lack of binding of big endothelin-1 to lung tissue.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Chemotherapie ; Ertragsstabilisierung ; Virustherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Studies have been made to determine whether the use of 2.4-dioxohexahydrotriazine (DHT), a newly developed antiphytoviral compound with satisfactory virostatic activity and a favourable chemotherapeutic index (Schuster et al., 1979a, b) can reduce or prevent viral depression of the yield of ware potatoes. Between 1973 and 1977 a total of 106 plot tests were made, using a block design with four replicates. In addition, between 1975 and 1977, 44 large-scale field trials were carried out, the area treated in most of these being 20 ha. In every case, yields from plants treated with DHT five times at intervals of fourteen days were compared with those from untreated control plants. Seed stocks used for the plot tests were classified on the basis of eye excision tests as ‘healthy’ (virus infection less than 10%, average 4.8%) or ‘virus-infected’ (infection greater than 10%, average 24.6%). In the case of 57 ‘virus-infected’ stocks, DHT treatment resulted in a highly significant increase in yield—on average 1.1 t/ha=6.5% (Table 1). On the other hand, treatment with DHT had no material effect on the yield from 49 ‘healthy’ stocks. This indicates that the increase in yield resulted from the antiviral activity of DHT. In the 44 large-scale field trials, carried out in ware crops in which the level of virus infection was generally between 10% and 30%, a highly significant increase in yield was obtained — on average 1.4 t/ha=8%. Included in the data, however, are minor increases in yield recorded in the trials carried out in 1976 (an unusually hot, dry year) in areas badly affected by drought. If these are ignored, a highly significant average increase in yield of 1.9 t/ha=9.7% is obtained when the results of the plot and field trials are combined (Table 1). It is evident from these results that a considerable increase in yield may be obtained through the use of DHT to stabilize yields from virus infected seed stocks. This antiviral preparation has the added advantage of being non-toxic and very economical in use.
    Abstract: Résumé Des études ont été effectuées afin de connaître dans quelle mesure la 2,4-dioxohexahydrotriazine (DHT), substance antiphytovirale nouvellement développée, permet de réduire ou d'éviter les chutes de rendement dans les cultures de pommes de terre de consommation. Ce produit ralentit considérablement, et de manière durable la reproduction du PVX ainsi que celle d'autres virus (Schuster et al., 1979a, b). Au cours des années 1973 à 1977, 106 parcelles disposées en blocs avec 4 répétitions ont été testées. D'autre part, de 1975 à 1977, 44 essais en grande culture couvrant une surface de 20 ha ont été effectués. Dans tous les cas, les surfaces traitées 5 fois à la DHT, à des intervalles de 14 jours, ont été comparées avec des parcelles non traitées. Lors de la récolte des parcelles, il a été prélevé un tubercule par plante pour un postcontrôle virologique. Suivant les résultats du test, les plants ont été classés selon leur taux de contamination par les virus. Pour les lots présentant un taux de contamination de moins de 10% au départ, le taux de contamination moyen fut de 4.8%. Les lots contaminés à plus de 10% présentèrent une attaque moyenne de 24%. Dans les lots contaminés par le virus, la DHT cut pour effet une augmentation hautement significative du rendement, soit 1,1 t/ha (=6,5%, tableau 1). En revanche, par le traitement de 49 parcelles saines, les rendements n'ont pas été influencés par la DHT. Par conséquent, l'augmentation du rendement mentionnée peut être attribuée à l'action anti-virale de la DHT. Sur 44 essais de pommes de terre de consommation en grande culture où la proportion de plantes contaminées atteignait 10–30%, une augmentation hautement significative de rendement a été obtenue, 1,4 t/ha (8.0%). Ces chiffres comprennent également les résultats des essais 1976, année chaude et séche dans certaines régions. En excluant les résultats de 1976, on obtient par les traitements sur les essais parcellaires, une augmentation de récolte hautement significative, soit 1,9 t/ha (=9.0%), et 11,3% pour les traitements en grande culture (tableau 1). Ces résultats démontrent que par le traitement avec la préparation anti-virale DHT, une augmentation non négligeable de rendement peut être obtenue sur des cultures contaminées par le virus, les frais étant économiquement acceptables.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In mehrjährigen Parzellenversuchen wurde durch Behandlung mit 2,4-Dioxohexahydrotriazin (DHT), einer neu entwickelten antiphytoviralen Substanz im Durchschnitt von 57 stärker virusinfizierten Herkünften (durchschnittlicher Virusbesatz 24.6%) der Ertrag hochsignifikant um 1.1 t/ha (=6.5%) erhöht. Bei 49 gesunden Herkünften (durchschnittlicher Virusbesatz 4.8%) wurden demgegenüber die Erträge nicht verändert. Demnach darf die angeführte Ertragserhöhung der antiviralen Wirkung des DHT zugeschrieben werden. In 44 Grossflächenversuchen in Konsumkartoffelbeständen (Virusbesatz etwa zwischen 10 und 30%), wurde der Ertrag hochsignifikant um 1.4 t/ha (=8.0%) erhöht. Werden die im trocken-heissen Jahr 1976 in ausgesprochenen Dürregebieten erhaltenen Ergebnisse eliminiert, ergeben sich in den Parzellenversuchen mit virusinfizierten Herkünften hochsignifikante Mehrerträge von 1.9 t/ha (=9.7%) und bei den Grossflächenversuchen von 2.3 t/ha (=12.6%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 185 (1996), S. 265-269 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: minirhizotron ; root depth distribution ; root dynamics ; salt marsh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The minirhizotron technique has been used to study root development in a salt marsh in the western part of the “Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer” during a three-year period. The objective of our study was to evaluate root depth distribution and seasonal changes in growth activities of natural plant root systems. Root number was counted at monthly intervals in the top soil layer (0–0.2 m) for every 2 cm soil depth. The number of roots was regarded as an easily detectable parameter reflecting root growth and decay. In general, highest rooting intensity was found in the soil's subsurface layer (0–0.08 m). The number of roots significantly decreased in deeper horizons of the soil. There was also a significant increase and decrease in the number of roots in the course of a year. The highest rooting intensity was found in late winter to early spring, which substantially decreased towards mid summer when the plants were in their reproductive phase. The data indicate that there is a clear seasonal pattern of root growth of salt marsh species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 13 (1961), S. 58-75 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird eine brauchbare Methode zur Darstellung von Picolinsäure-N-oxyd mitgeteilt. Die Nitrierung liefert 4-Nitropicolinsäure-N-oxyd, dessen Nitrogruppe sich durch Alkoxyl-, Hydroxyl-, Sulfhydryl- und Aminogruppen sowie durch Chlor ersetzen läßt. Durch Diazotierung des 4-Aminopicolinsäure-N-oxyds und Kupplung mit Phenolen werden Azoverbindungen, durch Umsetzung des 4-Mercaptopicolinsäure-N-oxyds mit Halogenverbindungen Thioäther gewonnen. 4-Methoxy- und 4-Amino-picolinsäure-N-oxyd liefern mit Diazomethan nicht die Methylester, sondern N-Methoxyverbindungen. Durch Abwandlung der Carboxylfunktion wurden Amide, Diäthylaminoäthylamide, Diäthylaminomethylamide, Hydrazide und Hydroxamäuren dargestellt.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1996-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1991-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-2222
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-119X
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1991-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-2222
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-119X
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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