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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoluminescence in irradiated foodstuffs (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 332 (1988), S. 22-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR—The UK government has recently confirmed that a ban on the irradiation of foodstuffs will remain in force until suitable regulatory controls, including a simple method to detect whether food has been irradiated, can be devised. In 1983, the United Nations Codex Alimentarius Commission1 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/332022a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of simulation for the optimisation of the signal-to-noise ratio in cyclic activation analysis (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 110 (1987), S. 67-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract It is always useful to predict the result of an experiment without having to carry it out. In cyclic activation analysis where the signal-to-noise ratio for the detection of short-lived nuclides in a given matrix is particularly sensitive to the value of the timing parameters, determination of the best conditions for the detection of a nuclide of interest, without resort to preliminary experiments, is most helpful. Simulation and optimisation of a gamma-ray spectrum is derived for a sample irradiated in cyclic mode. The simulation includes consideration of photopeak, Compton continuum, single and double escape peaks and bremsstrahlung. The simulation output forms the input to the signal-to-noise ratio optimisation routine. Consequently the sensitivities, and detection limits for the isotopes of interest can be deduced from the optimised spectrum. Interference from other gamma-lines is identified, if applicable. In addition, a graphical output of the simulated spectrum and a listing of the optimised activation parameters, detection limits and sensitivites are produced. The programme has been extended to include simulation of conventionally neutron activated samples. Examples for standard reference materials are given as illustrations, together with measured spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02055011
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of elemental models in senile dementia and depressives using neutron activation analysis (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 113 (1987), S. 405-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Instrumental neutron activation analysis has been used to determine the concentration of a range of elements in hair and blood samples, separated into erythrocytes and plasma, obtained from two groups of women, senile demented (9) and depressives (16), and their respective controls (17 and 9). The results suggest that the senile dementia group has significantly higher Al concentrations in erythrocytes and hair relative to the controls but no significant correlation between the aluminium content of hair and that of blood exists. Further, Zn concentrations determined in the erythrocytes and plasma of these subjects were lower compared to the control values. Vanadium levels above our detection limit for the element were found in seven cases out of a total of sixteen in the depressive group. Vanadium was also found to be at higher concentration in the hair of the depressive group compared to the controls. Again no significant correlation was found to exist between the concentration of vanadium in hair and in erythrocyte sample for these seven subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02050514
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorine determination in diet samples using cyclic INAA and PIGE analysis (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 161 (1992), S. 71-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Fluorine is an important trace element for life and human well-being. Food, in general, provides about 40 percent of the fluorine intake in the human body. In order to measure fluorine levels in human diet samples, Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Proton Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE) analysis were used. Reactions19F(n,γ)20F and19F(n, p)19O were employed for determination of the fluorine concentration using a reactor neutron spectrum and epithermal neutrons. Corrections were made for the sodium matrix interference caused by the23Na(n, α)20F threshold reaction in the case of reactor neutron cyclic activation analysis and for the oxygen interference via18O(n, γ)19O reaction when using the epithermal cyclic NAA method. The fluorine content of the diet samples was also determined by PIGE analysis making use of the resonance reaction19F(p, αγ)16O at 872 keV. Cyclic Neutron Activation Analysis (CNAA) when combined with mass fractionation was found to be the most suitable for determination of low concentration of fluorine, through the19F(n, γ)20F reaction with a detection limit of 2.2 ppm in Bowen's Kale elemental standard.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02034881
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elemental characterization of airborne particulates at two Nigerian locations during the Harmattan season (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 167 (1993), S. 283-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Airborne particulate matter collected during the Harmattan season at Kano in the northern part, and Ile-Ife in the southern part of Nigeria was analyzed for about 30 elements by a combination of instrumental neutron activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis. Although the total suspended particulate concentration (ng/m3) is much higher in Kano than Ife, the elemental composition at both locations is very similar and cluster analysis shows a strong correlation between the two, indicating a common origin for particulates. Particle-size distribution studies show that Kano dust is mainly coarse while Ife dust is mainly fine. The crustal-type elements are mainly concentrated in the coarse particles (≥3 μm) at both locations while the conventional anthropogenic elements are hosted mainly by the fine particles (0.49 μm and below).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037187
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of trace elements in Syrian tobacco by INAA (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 195 (1995), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Sixty-six samples of different varieties of Syrian tobacco were collected and classified according to type and height of the leaves on the plant. Soil samples were also collected from the planting fields. INAA by short and long irradiation was used to determine the concentration of trace elements in tobacco and soil samples. Short irradiation (1 min.) and long irradiation (7 hrs.) were carried out. Bowen's Kale and IAEA soil 7 were used as a reference materials. Results were compared with published data for tobacco.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036489
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INAA in the determination of the elemental constituents of a natural fluorite (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 222 (1997), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A complementary use of the comparative and the semi-absolute variations of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) has enabled us to determine 22 different elements in a sample of natural fluorite originating from the younger granite province of Nigeria. The mineral has a brownish purple appearance with some veinlets having a deep purple coloration. Of all the 22 elements measured, Fe (851.36 ppm), Sb (7.69 ppm), Ag (87.4 ppm), Hg (2.71 ppm) and Se (1.97 ppm) are found to be exclusive to the veinlets while Au (109.15 ppm), Co (2.15 ppm) and W (173.20 ppm) are concentrated in the main matrix of the fluorite. With the aid of the semi-absolute method, it was possible to measure the Au concentration in the IAEA Soil-7 reference material to be 56.83±5.87% ppm. A qualitative electron microprobe analysis (EMA) showed that the bulk of the matrix is composed mainly of Ca and F, as expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02034243
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Positron Emission Tomography Analysis of Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease Brain Using [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose: A Parallel Study with Elemental Concentrations (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 244 (2000), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating form of dementia which leads to impaired memory, thinking and behavior. This work examines elemental concentrations between "normal" and AD subjects as well as the hemispherical differences within the brain. Tissue samples from both hemispheres of the frontal lobe in both AD and normal subjects were examined for their trace element concentrations using PIXE and RBS analyses. Elemental concentrations were seen to differ between AD and normal brain tissue samples. While in the normal group concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the right hemisphere than in the left the converse was true in AD. A change in elemental concentrations may indicate possible alterations in the function of the blood brain barrier. This was examined by determining regional cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (rCMRGlu) using the in vivo technique of positron emission tomography (PET). Again variations between both hemispheres and between AD and normal were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006792905118
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron activation analysis challenges: Problems and applications in biomedical and other areas (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 239 (1999), S. 59-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Developments in neutron activation analysis in its various modes for trace element determination are described with reference to reactor and other neutron sources, competing methods, tomography and detection systems. A selected number of areas of application are highlighted which provide challenges into the next millennium and to which a useful and in some cases a unique contribution can be made. The role that neutron activation analysis can play in decommissioning, landmine detection, boron neutron capture therapy, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus, the complex mechanisms of initiation and termination of feeding and obesity as well as in scar formation and the requirements for artificial skin are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02349533
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of the geometrical factor in nuclear activation analysis (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 114 (1987), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract When a beam of radiation is used as a probe in order to study the elemental composition of an object, the factors involved in obtaining maximum detection sensitivity include target homogeneity, beam uniformity and the solid angle subtended between target and detector. Here we have investigated, both theoretically and experimentally, the significance of these factors in an experimental facility for ‘in-vitro’ prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis and an arrangement used in ‘in-vivo’ activation analysis. The correction factor to the solid angle, to account for non-uniformity, and the optimisation of reaction rate and solid angle are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02048891
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