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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 137 (1954), S. 416-425 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit einer elektrischen Gegenfeldmethode wurde die Energieverteilung der in einen Halbraum rückdiffundierten Elektronen an den Elementen Al, Cu, Ag und Pt, bei Primärenergien von 20, 30 und 40 keV und bei Auftreffwinkeln der Primärelektronen von 90 und 45° untersucht. Die erhaltenen Gegenspannungskurven sind im angegebenen Bereich unabhängig von der Primärenergie, ebenso die Rückdiffusionskoeffizienten, für die sich relative Werte ergeben, die etwas schwächer mit der OrdnungszahlZ anwachsen als frühere Werte vonSchonland. Durch graphische Differentiation der Gegenspannungskurven ergeben sich die Kurven der Energieverteilung, mit einem Maximum bei geringen Energieverlusten und einem anfangs steileren, schließlich sehr flachen Abfall gegen größere Energieverluste. Das Maximum rückt bei steigender Ordnungszahl näher an die Primärenergie, ebenso beim Übergang zum kleineren Auftreffwinkel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 2 (1971), S. 259-261 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Production of Dispersion-Hardened Nickel and Cobalt Alloys by means of Powder Metallurgy. Dispersion-hardened nickel and cobalt alloys whose creep-rupture strength drops more slowly at rising temperatures than in the known precipitation-hardened alloys, are suitable for use at 1000-1200 °C. The preferred component for producing dispersed phase is thoria. A cobalt alloy similar to S 816 containing 3% thoria was produced by a chemical process: By precipitation from an aqueous solution of the metallic salts concerned in the presence of a colloidal solution of thoria (partycle size 30-50 Å), one obtains a mixture of the hydroxides or the basic carbonates respectively. Co-precipitation in one single preparation is possible, if certain conditions are observed. After drying and powdering, the precipitate is reduced in a hydrogen stream in two stages (at 700 and at 1230 °C). The resultant metal powder is compacted, vacuum-sintered at 1290 °C and then extruded at 1150 °C.
    Notes: Dispersionsgehärtete Nickel- und Kobaltlegierungen, deren Zeitstandfestigkeit mit steigender Temperatur langsamer abfällt als die der bekannten ausscheidungsgehärteten Legierungen, sind für den Einsatz bei 1000 bis 1200 °C geeignet. Als härtender Dispersionsstoff wird Thoriumoxid bevorzugt Die Herstellung einer S 816 ähnlichen Kobaltlegierung mit 3% Thoriumoxid erfolgt nach einem chemischen Verfahren: Durch Ausfällung aus einer wässerigen Lösung der entsprechenden Metallsalze in Gegenwart einer kolloidalen Lösung von Thoriumoxid (Teilchengröße 30 his 50 Å) erhält man eine Mischung der Oxidhydrate bzw. basischen Carbonate. Bei Einhaltung bestimmter Bedingungen ist die gemeinsame Ausfällung in einem Ansatz möglich. Nach Trocknen und Mahlen wird das Fällungsprodukt im strömenden Wasserstoff in zwei Stufen (bei 700 und bei 1230 °C) reduziert. Das so erhaltene Metallpulver wird gepreßt, unter Vakuum bei 1290 °C gesintert und bei 1150 °C stranggepreßt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1954-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0939-7922
    Electronic ISSN: 1431-5831
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2005-05-27
    Description: Mine detection is to date mainly performed with metal detectors, although new methods for UXO detection are explored worldwide. The main problem for the mine detection to date is, that there exist some ideas of which sensor combinations could yield a high score, but until now there is no systematic analysis of mine detection methods together with realistic environmental conditions to conclude on a physically and technically optimized sensor combination. This gap will be removed by a project “easyMine" (Realistic and systematic Mine Detection Simulation Tool) which will result in a simulation tool for optimizing land mine detection in a realistic mine field. The project idea for this software tool is presented, that will simulate the closed chain of mine detection, including the mine in its natural environment, the sensor, the evaluation and application of the measurements by an user. The tool will be modularly designed. Each chain link will be an independent, exchangeable sub- module and will describe a stand alone part of the whole mine detection procedure. The advantage of the tool will be the evaluation of very different kinds of sensor combinations in relation of their real potential for mine detection. Three detection methods (metal detector, GPR and imaging IR-radiometry) will be explained to be introduced into the easyMine software tool in a first step. An actual example for land mine detection problem will be presented and approaches for solutions with easyMine will be shown.
    Print ISSN: 1684-9965
    Electronic ISSN: 1684-9973
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2000-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Umwelt- und Planungsrecht : UPR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVIs) are typically determined using satellite or airborne remote sensing, or field portable spectrometers, which give an averaged signal on centimetre to metre scale plots. Biological soil crust (BSC) patches may have smaller sizes, and ecophysiological, hydrological as well as pedological processes may be heterogeneously distributed within this level of resolution. A ground-based NDVI imaging procedure using low-cost equipment (Olympus Camedia 5000z digital camera equipped with a Hoya R72 infrared filter) was developed in this study to fill this gap at the level of field research, where carrying costly and bulky equipment to remote locations is often the limiting factor for data collection. Method principle and field data are presented, and the field experiment was deepened comparing NDVI measurements and CO2 turnover of soil crust samples in the laboratory, backing the reliability of the approach. A commercially available colour rendition chart with known red (600–700 nm) and NIR (800–900 nm) reflectances was placed into each scene and used for calibration purposes on a per-image basis. Generation of NDVI images involved (i) determination of red and NIR reflectances from the pixel values of the red and NIR channels, respectively, and (ii) calculation and imaging of the NDVI, where NDVI values of −1 to +1 were mapped to grey values of 0 to 255. The correlation between NDVI values retrieved from these images and NDVI values determined using field spectrometry was close (r2 = 0.91), the 95% confidence interval amounted to 0.10 NDVI units. The pixel resolution was 0.8 mm in the field and 0.2 mm in the laboratory, but can still be improved significantly with closer distance to the crust or with higher camera resolution. NDVI values obtained using the new method were related to the net CO2 uptake of BSCs, where both slope and correlation coefficient of the respective regression function conformed with literature data. Geostatistical analysis revealed that both spatial variability of net CO2 uptake as well as size of individual hot spots of this parameter increased with crust development. The latter never exceeded 4 mm in the investigated crusts, which points to the necessity of high resolution imaging for linking remote sensing with ecophysiology. Perspectively, the new method could be used for field monitoring of both biological soil crusts and vascular vegetation.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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