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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro induction of haploid plants from unpollinated ovules and ovaries of the sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 920-925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Haploid induction ; Ovary culture ; Ovule culture ; Gynogenesis ; Sugarbeet ; Beta vulgaris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Haploid plantlets from male fertile and male sterile sugarbeet plants could be induced at frequencies up to 2.2% using ovule culture. Ovary culture on media without charcoal resulted in a similar induction frequency. Plant development was inhibited by callus development originating from the mother tissue. When the callus parts were removed and the ovule transferred to a new medium without 2,4 D, callus formation could be inhibited by adding 0.5% charcoal to the medium. Up to 6.1% haploids were induced. Chromosome counts in leaf tips, chloroplast counts and isozyme patterns revealed that all plants were haploid and originated from the haploid cells of the embryo sac. Root tips showed spontaneous polyploidisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289399
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An efficient method to separate tetraploid from diploid plants after colchicine treatment of turnips (Brassica campestris var. rapa) (1967)
    Springer
    Euphytica 16 (1967), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Bij de produktie van tetraploide stoppelknollen werden bij analyse in de C0 twee selectie criteria vergeleken, nl. 1. de gemiddelde korrelgrootte van het stuifmeel en 2. de variatie in de korrelgrootte van het stuifmeel. Uit het experiment bleek dat met selectie op basis van de gemiddelde grootte van vijf stuifmeelkorrels een belangrijke werkbesparing kan worden verkregen. Het hanteren van de variatie in korrelgrootte leidt tot een lager rendement, doch kan voordelen hebben ten aanzien van de genetische variatie in de tetraploide C1-populatie. Er werd geconcludeerd dat bij de keuze van het selectiecriterium de hoedanigheid van het uitgangsmateriaal mede in overweging moet worden genomen.
    Notes: Abstract To obtain a C1-population with a high percentage of tetraploids after colchicine treatment of turnips, a selection in the C0 can be used. A comparison is made between two criteria for this selection, viz. the average pollen grain size and the variation in pollen grain size. C0-selection on the basis of the average pollen grain size of five pollen grains per plant reduced the number of diploids in the C1 considerably. When the variation in pollen grain size of these five pollen grains is included as a selection-criterion the number of tetraploids in the C1 increased. The two methods are discussed in the light of the working efficiency and the genetical variation in the tetraploid C1-population. It is concluded that the character of the initial material should govern the choice of the selection criterion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028935
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome number and plant morphology in some ecotypes of Poa pratensis L. (1972)
    Springer
    Euphytica 21 (1972), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In a collection of Poa pratensis the variation in chromosome number and the relation between chromosome number and plant characters were studied. The material was collected at different places in the Netherlands. The number of chromosomes in the population varied from 33 to 92. Plants with 56, 63, 70 and 77 chromosomes were in the majority. The occurrence of different chromosome numbers within almost all investigated plants led to the conclusion that aneusomaty is a rule in Poa pratensis. In the progeny of some plants chromosome numbers were found which were considerably higher than those in the mother plants. It was assumed that this rise in chromosome number was caused by fertilization of aposporous egg cells. No relation could be found between chromosome number and plant characters. A hemiploid plant (39 chromosomes) was marked off from its sibs (77 chromosomes) by a stunted growth and pale leaf colour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036757
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The creation of tetraploid beets (1954)
    Springer
    Euphytica 3 (1954), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting In 1950, 1951 en 1952 werd gekiemd zaad van verschillende suiker- en voederbietenrassen met colchicine behandeld. Het doel daarbij was tetraploiden te verkrijgen als uitgangsmateriaal voor verdere veredeling. In hun eerste en tweede levensjaar werden de planten (C0) cytologisch onderzocht. Er werd alleen zaad geoogst van stengels, waarin geen diploide cellen werden aangetroffen. Het geoogste zaad werd spoedig daarna in de kas uitgezaaid, teneinde nog in dezelfde herfst de tetraploiden te kunnen afzonderen. De duur van de selectie werd verkort door het aldus verkregen materiaal te vernaliseren. Hierdoor werd de zaadteelt eenjarig gemaakt. In 1951 werd zaad geoogst van alle aanwezige C0 stengels, terwijl slechts één of enkele werden onderzocht. In 1952 daarentegen werd alleen zaad geoogst van stengels, waarin bij cytologisch onderzoek geen diploide cellen werden aangetroffen. Het percentage tetraploiden in de C1 was in het eerste geval ± 53%, in het tweede geval ± 77%. Het vaststellen van het chromosomenaantal is te verkiezen boven het verrichten van metingen aan stomata en pollenkorrels, aangezien dit materiaal niet altijd betrouwbaar is. Het onderzoek wordt voortgezet. Getracht zal worden het percentage tetraploiden te vergroten. Met het beschikbare tetraploide materiaal zijn door D. Kloen voorlopige opbrengstproeven genomen.
    Notes: Summary In 1950, 1951 and 1952 germinated seed of various sugar beet and fodder beet strains were treated with colchicine, with the object of obtaining tetraploid plants. The plants were examined cytologically in their first and second year. Only stalks of the C0 generation (the treated one) in which no diploid cells were found were kept for seed production. By raising the tetraploid C1 plants in greenhouses the year that the seed has been harvested and by vernalizing the young plants seed production is made annual. For vernalization the plants are kept in a potato storage room cooled by outside air to a temperature of about 5°C and under a day length of 24 hours. The results of the cytological examination demonstrated that collecting seed from tetraploid stalks of the C0 presents advantages. The C1 had about 77% tetraploids. It should be noted that the determination of the chromosome numbers of polyploid material is preferable to measurements of stomata or pollen grains as the latter are not reliable. The investigations are being continued. Yield trials with tetraploid material have been made by D. Kloen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028127
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The creation of tetraploid beets (1956)
    Springer
    Euphytica 5 (1956), S. 308-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In recent years trial fields were laid out with tetraploid families of the sugar beet varieties SX and SY, the fodder sugar beet varieties VA and VB and the fodder beet varieties VC (high content) and VD (low content). It appeared that the tetraploid beets are morphologically distinct from the diploid commercial varieties in leaf form, leaf development, form of the beet, tendency to bolt, size of the clusters and the number of seedlings per cluster. The beets of all the plots are washed, weighed and measured for dry matter, sugar and crude protein content and seed for stecklings is sown on a separate trial field. From the results it appears that there is a variation in the above-mentioned contents so that it seems possible to improve the material by selection. This also holds for the dry matter production which agrees with that of diploid commercial varieties. The investigations are being continued.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038853
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The length of stomata as an indicator for polyploidy in rye-grasses (1965)
    Springer
    Euphytica 14 (1965), S. 225-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting De bruikbaarheid van stomatalengte als criterium bij het onderscheiden van di- en tetraploïde raaigrasplanten werd onderzocht. Uit de gegevens blijkt, dat met selectie op basis van stomatalengte diploïde en tetraploïde planten met grote zekerheid gescheiden kunnen worden.
    Notes: Abstract The suitability of stomata length as a criterion in the distinction between diploid and tetraploid rye-grass plants was tested. From the data it appears that diploid and tetraploid plants can be separated with a large degree of certainty if the selection is based on the stomata length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00149503
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Germinal pore number in pollen grains as a selection basis in the production of tetraploid clover (1965)
    Springer
    Euphytica 14 (1965), S. 244-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Proeven met het ras Fahl van Alexandrijnse klaver en met verschillend materiaal van rode klaver hebben uitgewezen dat het voorkomen van tetraploide en diploide weefsels op een snelle en betrouwbare wijze aangetoond kan worden door middel van bepaling van het kiemporiënbeeld van het stuifmeel. De bepaling van het kiemporiënbeeld gevolgd door paarsgewijze kruising van de tetraploide hoofdjes maakt het mogelijk op een efficiënte wijze te komen tot zuiver tetraploid materiaal met een grote genetische variabiliteit.
    Notes: Abstract Experiments with the variety Fahl of Berseem clover and with different material of red clover have shown that the occurrence of tetraploid and diploid tissues can be detected in a rapid and reliable way by determining the number and arrangement of germinal pores of the pollen. The advantages over the conventional methods are mentioned and described. The determination of the germinal pore pattern, which is combined with pair crossing of the tetraploid heads, makes it possible to obtain in an efficient way completely tetraploid material with a great genetic variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00149507
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The creation of tetraploid beets (1953)
    Springer
    Euphytica 2 (1953), S. 187-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Met tetraploide suikerbieten zijn in het buitenland reeds opmerkelijke resultaten verkregen. Dit is een van de redenen dat de S.V.P. de polyploidie-veredeling van bieten in 1950 ter hand heeft genomen. Aangegeven wordt dat colchicine-behandeling van kiemend zaad met succes kan worden toegepast om een voldoend aantal tetraploiden te verkrijgen mits het afwijkende materiaal in het eerste en tweede levensjaar wordt onderzocht. Uit het cytologische onderzoek, dat in 1951 met behulp van de phase-contrast microscoop aan in dat jaar met colchicine behandeld materiaal werd verricht, blijkt dat een 0,1% oplossing te verkiezen is boven een 0,2%. Het cytologische onderzoek heeft vooral ten doel om het materiaal te zuiveren van diploide planten of scheuten. Voor het opvoeren van het percentage tetraploide zaden is het noodzakelijk, dat de stekbieten in het tweede levensjaar wederom worden onderzocht. In 1951 werd dit uit-gevoerd aan jonge hartblaadjes in het bladrozetstadium en aan okselblaadjes van jonge stengels. Aangezien het percentage tetraploiden in de nakomelingschappen tegenviel, is het onderzoek in 1952 slechts geschied aan één jonge stengel per biet. Was hij tetraploid, dan werden de andere stengels verwijderd; indien hij daarentegen diploid was, werden de overige stengels onderzocht totdat er een tetraploide gevonden werd. Het onderzoek wordt voortgezet.
    Notes: Summary Tetraploid beets have produced interesting results abroad. This is the reason that in 1950 the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding initiated a program for the development of tetraploid strains. By treating germinating seed with colchicine enough tetraploids can be secured, provided the material be examined during the first and the second year. Cytological studies made in 1951 with the aid of the phase-contrast microscope showed that a 0.1% colchicine solution is preferable to a 0.2% solution. The cytological examination has the object of purifying the material. If diploid cells are found the plants are discarded. In order to increase the number of tetraploid seeds it is necessary to examine the beets again during the second year. In 1951 this was done by studying the young leaves in the rosette stage and by taking the axillary leaflets of young stalks. As the number of tetraploids in the offspring was disappointingly small in 1952 the work was organized somewhat differently. Only one tetraploid stalk of each plant was kept, all other stalks were removed. The investigations are being continued.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053726
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autotetraploidy in caraway (Carum carvi L.) for the increase of the aetheric oil content of the seed (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 89-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Carum carvi ; caraway ; autotetraploidy ; aetheric oil ; carvone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An autotetraploid population of caraway (Carum carvi L.) was produced by treating the growing points of young plants with a 0.2% colchicine solution. Selection on morphology, pollen size and pollen shape, followed by a selection on seed size proved to be an effective way to identify the mixoploid C0 plants. Three percent of the treated plants produced a tetraploid progeny. Moderate selection in the C1 and the C2 population resulted in an improvement of the average seed-set to the amount of 50% of the diploid control, with a range of 21–78%. The 1000-kernel weight of the tetraploid material was 7 g, compared to 3 g in the diploid control. The oil content of the autotetraploid seed was increased with 35.6%; the increase in carvone amounted to 6.9%. The results of the experiment indicate that breeding work in autotetraploid caraway may result in a new cultivar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037252
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The production of alien monosomic additions in Beta vulgaris as a source for the introgression of resistance to beet root nematode (Heterodera schachtii) from Beta species of the section Patellares (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 313-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; cultivated beet ; wild Beta species ; resistance ; Heterodera schachtii ; beet root nematode ; interspecific hybridization ; alloploidy ; alien chromosome addition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Experiments were carried out for adding the chromosome carrying resistance to beet root nematode (Heterodera schachtii) from the wild Beta species of the section Patellares (B. procumbens, B. webbiana and B. patellaris) to the genome of B. vulgaris. Preliminary experiments indicated that crosses between the wild species and B. vulgaris cultivars of the mangold type yielded on average more viable F1 hybrids than crosses with sugar and fodderbeet. However, crossability varied strongly between individual parental combinations. It was concluded that most types of B. vulgaris can be hybridized with the wild species of the section Patellares if a sufficient number of pair-crosses is made. Crosses between diploid cultivars or species of the section Vulgares and diploid wild species of the section Patellares yielded many hybrids which, however, were highly sterile. From crosses between tetraploid B. vulgaris and the wild species a great number of viable allotriploid and allotetraploid hybrids was obtained. In the backcross progenies of allotriploid hybrids 26% alien monosomic additions occurred, of which 4.1% carried the resistance bearing chromosome of B. procumbens or B. patellaris. The programme will be continued by sereening progenies of the resistant monosomic addition plants for the occurrence of resistant disomic introgression products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021646
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