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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield and quality of the glasshouse carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) after mutagenic radiation with x-rays (1970)
    Springer
    Euphytica 19 (1970), S. 310-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Bloemopbrengst en kwaliteit van de kasanjer na röntgenbestraling Gedurende drie jaar werd de invloed bestudeerd van twee bestralingsdoses (2.5 en 5 krad) op de variatie in bloemproduktie van Simanjerklonen. De bestraalde planten toonden een achteruitgang van bloemkwaliteit, een vermindering van bloemproduktie en een grotere produktievariatie. Na vegetatieve vermeerdering (derde jaar) bleek de bloemkwaliteit nog steeds nadelig beïnvloed te zijn door de behandelingen, doch van een produktievermindering was geen sprake meer; de variatie in bloemproduktie bleek duidelijk groter. Bijna 20% van de klonen afkomstig van bestraalde planten produceerde buiten het gebied m ± 2s (m = gemiddelde produktie, s = standaard afwijking van de controleplanten), terwijl alle controleklonen met hun produktie binnen dit gebied bleven. Een vergroting van de variatie werd eveneens gevonden in het percentage van de totale oogst dat werd gesneden tijdens de bloei in het zomerseizoen tot 1 november. De vergroting van de variatie in bloemproduktie na bestraling is zo duidelijk dat selectie van ontstane mutanten door middel van produktiemetingen van klonen gerechtvaardigd lijkt.
    Notes: Summary The effects of two doses of x-rays (2.5 and 5 krad) on yield variation in clones of Sim carnations were studied for 3 years. The direct effects observed in the irradiated plants were yield reduction, reduction in flower quality and a moderate increase in yield variation. After vegetative multiplication (third year) the overall effect in yield had disappeared, flower quality continued to be adversely affected by the treatments and the increase in yield variation was more pronounced. While none of the control clones yielded outside the range m ± 2s, nearly 20% of the clones from treated plants yielded outside this range. This is very significantly more than could be attributed to chance. A similar increase in variation was observed for the period of flowering as expressed by the percentage of the total yield harvested before 1st November. The increase in variation after irradiation seems to justify selection for probable mutants on the basis of clonal yield data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01904208
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breeding for resistance to Phialophora cinerescens (Wr.) van Beyma in glasshouse carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 329-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Dianthus caryophyllus ; carnation ; Phialophora cinerescens ; verticillium wilt ; resistance ; breeding ; diallel analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A breeding programme is described, aimed at introducing resistance to Phialophora cinerescens in glasshouse carnations of both the standard and the spray type. Four resistant clones, selected from seed-grown garden cultivars, served as resistant parents; the susceptible parents included the major glasshouse cultivar William Sim and some of its mutants and a few other American, French and Italian cultivars. In three generations of breeding, with extensive screening of young seedling populations, an adequate level of resistance had been reached. Selection procedure was henceforth changed to allow for primary selection on quality and productivity, followed by clonal resistance tests. Inheritance of resistance appears to be mainly additive; at least two gene pairs are likely to be involved. Under prolonged high infection pressure a significant non-additive variance can be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041564
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the virulence of races 1, 2 and 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi in carnation (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 42 (1989), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Dianthus caryophyllus ; carnation ; cultivar ; races ; Fusarium wilt ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A simultaneous analysis of the virulence of races 1, 2 and 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi to a series of nine carnation cultivars revealed the presence of different interactions between races and cultivars, as well as differences in pathogenesis between race 1 on the one hand and race 2 and 4 on the other. The most common race 2 induced typical symptoms of Fusarium wilt in all susceptible cultivars. The cultivars showed considerable variation in resistance to race 2. Only Novada remained free of external symptoms throughout the experiment. In diseased plants of all cultivars studied, infected vascular tissue was white with dark brown margins, and heavy degradation of the cell walls and xylem parenchyma cells had occurred. All Dutch isolates corresponded with race 2. Race 4 induced wilt symptoms similar to those induced by race 2, and there was a similar variation in resistance to race 2 and 4 in the cultivars. On average, the race 4 isolates were less aggressive than those of race 2. Compared with race 2, there was evidence of some genotype × race interactions: Pallas proved to be considerably more susceptible, and Lena more resistant to race 4 than to race 2. The isolates of race 4 induced a nistopathology similar to that induced by race 2, but with less vascular browning. Race 1 induced atypical but severe wilt symptoms and unusual vascular discoloration in Elsy, Niky and Sam's Pride only. The vascular tissue in these cultivars turned pale brown; in spite of heavy colonization of these tissues virtually no degradation of cell walls was observed. All other cultivars tested proved virtually resistant to race 1, providing further evidence for genotype × race interactions. Within races, limited but statistically significant genotype × isolate interactions were found as well, in particular within race 4. These are tentatively attributed to independent variation of two (or more) resistance components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042615
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation between genotypes of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus cultivars and interspecific hybrids) in time of flowering and response to long days. II. Variation in shoot development (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 50 (1990), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Dianthus ; carnation ; interspecific hybrids ; genetic variation ; photoperiod ; earliness ; flower initiation ; leaf production ; phytotron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Twenty carnation genotypes of diverse origin were planted in September and were kept under an 8h day and a light intensity of 15 W/m2 visible radiation in a phytotron from 30 November to 24 February. Long photoperiods (24 h; LD) were applied in December-January for 25 days. In addition to flowering dates of individual shoots, records wer kept on shoot development (number of visible leaf pairs) on four dates: (1) six weeks after pinching, (2) at the beginning of the LD treatment in December, (3) when plants were transferred from the phytotron to the glasshouse in February and (4) at the time of flowering of individual shoots. The genetic variation in number of visible leaf pairs on each of these dates, in relation to shoot position and rate of unfolding of leaf pairs, was analysed. On the basis of these analyses, the between and within-genotype variation in time of flowering, yield distribution and LD response could be, at least partly, related to variation in the above-mentioned parameters. It was established that relevant genetic variation exists in (1) the initial development of the axillary bud from which a primary shoot is produced after pinching; (2) the rate of leaf unfolding; (3) the minimum number of leaf pairs required for flower initiation and (4) the within-plant variation in the above three characters in relation to shoot position.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023159
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation in dry weight of carnation cuttings: its causes and consequences (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 90 (1996), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: carnation ; cuttings ; Dianthus caryophyllus ; dry matter production ; leaf production ; relative growth rate ; vegetative propagation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Carnation cultivars vary considerably in the average weight of their cuttings. Cutting weight shows a high negative correlation with mean relative growth rate. This was initially attributed to differences in ‘age’ of the cuttings when taken from the stock plants, ‘age’ being defined as time elapsed since start of visible shoot growth. Shoots on a stock plant are removed as cuttings when they have reached an adequate size and number of leaf pairs. Cuttings from cultivars with a lower rate of growth are removed later, usually resulting in a higher dry weight. This could explain why a high cutting weight is associated with a low relative growth rate. The validity of this tentative explanation is tested in 13 carnation cultivars grown under controlled conditions in two trials, one with plants grown from pinched cuttings and one with plants grown from unpinched cuttings for early flowering (forcing). An analysis of the data for plant weight and leaf pair number at successive stages of development suggests that the primary cause of the negative correlation between cutting weight and mean relative growth rate is not genetic variation in age of the cuttings, but variation in the size of the fully developed axillary bud on the stock plant. Larger buds produce thicker shoots that grow more slowly. Their later harvesting as cuttings only enhances their initial weight advantage, and also the negative correlation with mean relative growth rate. When plants are pinched 20 days after planting, as is normal in a summer-grown crop, the newly developing shoots still show variation in age. This is attributed to variation in the developmental stage of the dormant axillary buds at the time of pinching, causing variation in the time interval between pinching and the start of visible shoot growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023856
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Component analysis of plant dry matter production: a basis for selection of breeding parents as illustrated in carnation (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 90 (1996), S. 183-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: carnation ; Dianthus caryophyllus ; component analysis ; forcing ability ; rate of photosynthesis ; relative growth rate ; vegetative dry matter production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Improvement of dry matter production in the vegetative phase is a breeding objective in many crops, especially where whole plants or parts of plants in the vegetative phase constitute the commercial product. Dry matter production is a complex process and plant dry weight, as measured at a given date, is a complex character, of which initial weight of planting material and mean relative growth rate over the period of growth are the major components. The primary objective of the present paper is to demonstrate how a method of component analysis proposed by Sparnaaij and Bos can be used to facilitate breeding for a high rate of vegetative growth. The procedure is illustrated by data from a study of variation in forcing ability among 13 carnation cultivars. It involves a detailed analysis of mean relative growth rate over the period of vegetative growth, including components derived from observations on net rate of photosynthesis and dark respiration. It is shown how component analysis can be used (a) to quantify the relative contribution of initial plant weight and of mean relative growth rate and its components to the genetic variation in plant dry weight, thus allowing a judicious choice of selection criteria for breeding parents, and (b) to predict mean plant dry weight of F1 hybrids obtained by crossing these parent genotypes, thus facilitating the choice of crosses to be made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023857
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Additive inheritance of resistance to Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybridge & Lafferty in Gerbera jamesonii Bolus (1975)
    Springer
    Euphytica 24 (1975), S. 551-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A procedure is described to test the resistance of seedlings of Gerbera jamesonii to Phytophthora cryptogea. The inheritance of resistance was investigated by means of a programme of diallel crosses. General combining ability (gca) was found to be the major component of total progeny variance, indicating that the larger part of genetic variation is likely to be attributable to additive gene-action. The various possibilities of testing relative breeding values of parent clones are compared: selfings, test crosses with a standard clone or clonal tests. For practical reasons preference is given to test crosses in which a self-incompatible but highly cross-fertile standard clone is used as the female partner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028231
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possibilities of selection for keeping quality in tulip breeding. 2 (1977)
    Springer
    Euphytica 26 (1977), S. 825-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Tulipa ; tulip ; keeping quality ; ornamental value ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Criteria of selection for keeping quality in tulip breeding are reviewed on the basis of a wide range of cultivars and species. The conclusion from an earlier, more limited study that there are large differences in keeping quality between cultivars in several characteristics is confirmed. The choice of the number of days between the onset of flowering and perianth drop as the best criterion is reconsidered because in some cases perianths may remain on the plant long after they have lost their attractiveness. It was found that the sequence in which the various stages (50% discoloration. perianth curving, perianth drop, leaves and stem no longer upright) are reached is not the same for all cultivars and species. None of these phenomena can therefore be used exclusively as criterion of keeping quality. A more comprehensive criterion as the number of days the flower maintains its ornamental value, is useful when commercial cultivars are compared, but for breeding and physiological research attention should be given to all individual aspects of the keeping quality of flower. stem and leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021713
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for early flowering in progenies of interspecific crosses of ten species in the genus Dianthus (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 50 (1990), S. 211-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Dianthus ; carnation ; interspecific hybrids ; selection procedure ; earliness ; photoperiod ; light intensity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Twenty-seven progenies of interspecific crosses, involving ten Dianthus spieces (D. caryophyllus, D. chinensis, D. superbus, D. barbatus, D. japonicus, D. brachyzonus, D. versicolor, D. trifasciculatus, D. serotinus and D. knappii) and some complex interspecific hybrids (Diantini genotypes and D. ‘Allwoodii’ selections) were grown from seed under 8 hr days at two light intensities: 12 W/m2 and 22 W/m2. Observations on individual plants were made on vegetative development and date of flowering. After six months, 178 plants were selected from 23 seedling progenies and the resulting clones were compared under 22 W/m2 and two photoperiods: 8 hrs and 24 hrs per day for a period of nearly six months. In the seedling stage, large differences were observed between progenies, e.g. in percentage generative plants (0–100%), plant length (3–78 cm) and plant fresh weight (0.5–68 g). Effects of light intensity were most pronounced in plant fresh weight (0.2–18 g in 12 W/m2 and 0.5–68 g in 22 W/m2). Progenies of D. chinensis were the earliest to flower. Most progenies of crosses between D. superbus and D. barbatus segregated into flowering and non-flowering (rosetting) plants. In the clonal stage, most clones originating from non-flowering seedlings remained vegetative (rosetting), while all clones from flowering seedlings were either in flower or in bud within six months. Average dates of flowering of seedling progenies and of their clones were highly correlated, suggesting that selection on flowering date at the seedling stage is effective. High correlations were also found between the average flowering date of seedling progenies and the number and total weight of flowers harvested per plant in their clones within six months from planting. Overall effects of LD in the clonal stage were much less spectacular than the effects of light intensity in the seedling stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023647
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Component analysis of complex characters in plant breeding (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 70 (1993), S. 225-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: chrysanthemum ; coefficient of determination ; complex characters ; Dendranthema grandiflora ; plant breeding methods ; recombinative heterosis ; sequential component analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A method is described by which the contribution of individual components to the variation of a complex character is quantified. The method is adapted for use in plant breeding from the sequential component analysis, developed for agronomic experiments by Eaton & Kyte (1978). It applies to a situation in which the complex character y is the product of n components (x1,...xn). The components are ratios of observed primary characters, introduced in a logical sequence. The proposed method differs from that of Eaton & Kyte in that: (1) the data are not log-transformed, and (2) the complementary determinations of y by its components are obtained directly from differences between the coefficients of determination of y by the successive primary characters rather than from a stepwise multiple regression of ln y on its log-transformed components. A comparison of the two methods suggests that the differences in results are caused mainly by the logtransformation which Eaton & Kyte apply to transform the relationship between y and its components into a linear one. The proposed alternative procedure avoids the transformation of the data; the multiplicative relationship between y and its components is retained and so is the assumed additive inheritance of the components. These two features of component analysis allow an active exploitation of specific combining ability based on recombinative heterosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023763
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