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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— This paper describes the microstructure of Type 304 stainless steel after cyclic loading at room temperature under tension-torsion non-proportional strain paths. The degree of cyclic non-proportional hardening is correlated with changes in the dislocation substructure. Dislocation cells, dislocation bundles, twins and stacking faults are all observed. The type of microstructure formed and resultant stress response is dependent on the degree of non-proportional loading and strain range. Cyclic stress range was uniquely correlated with mean cell size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The fatigue crack growth behavior of small part-through cracks in 1045 steel and Inconel 718 subjected to biaxial loading has been investigated. Experiments were performed on thin-wall tubular specimens loaded in tension, torsion and combined tension torsion. Crack sizes analyzed ranged from 20 μm to 1 mm and growth rates ranged from 10-7 to 10-4 mm/cycle for 1045 steel and from 10-5 to 10-2 mm/cycle for Inconel. Nucleation and the early growth of cracks occurs on planes of maximum shear strain amplitude for both of these materials even in tensile loading. An equivalent strain based intensity factor was employed to correlate the crack growth rate under mixed mode loading conditions In loading conditions other than torsion, a transition from mode II to mode I was observed for 1045 steel. Principal strains were used to analyze mode I cracks. Cracks in Inconel 718 grow in mode II for the majority of the fatigue life. The maximum shear strain amplitude and the tensile strain normal to the maximum shear strain amplitude plane were used to calculate the strain based intensity factor for mixed mode loading.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PO Box 1354, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2XG, UK. : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 28 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Failure behaviour of free-standing plasma-sprayed coatings was investigated under combined axial and shear loading. Thin-walled tubular specimens were loaded with various combinations of tension/compression and torsion. This allows the failure surface to be established for loading situations where the two principal stresses are of opposite signs. Specimens failed in one of the two modes, a tensile failure perpendicular to the maximum principal stress or a compression shear failure through the thickness. Failure data were adequately described by the maximum principal stress theory. Stress–strain curves fall within a single scatter band depending on the failure mode. In situ deformation tests showed that the mechanism was microcrack closing and sliding in compression and microcrack opening, coalescence and the development of new microcracks in tension.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Thick thermal barrier coatings with thicknesses on the order of a few millimeters are being developed for use in diesel engines with operating temperatures of about 800°C. In this environment, a coating will experience thermomechanical cycling due to differences in elastic and thermal expansion properties between the coating and the substrate. The inelastic constitutive behavior of the coating material results in both compressive and tensile stresses. To observe the effects of such stresses, specimens of plasma-sprayed 8%Y2O3-ZrO2 were fabricated to allow testing of the coating material independent of the substrate. Cyclic compression fatigue tests were conducted at room and high temperature (800°C) to simulate the loading environment to which the coating materials will be exposed during service. At high temperature, the compressive fatigue strength of the coating material increased by nearly 100%. Fatigue tests in tension and combined tension/compression were conducted at room temperature to evaluate the effect of mean stress. It was observed that a varying mean stress had no significant impact on the fatigue lives of the coating material and the fatigue life was controlled by the maximum tensile stress of the cycle. Results from fatigue tests and SEM observations indicated that the damage accumulated during the tensile and the compressive portions of the fatigue cycle were independent of each other.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PO Box 1354, 9600 Garsington Road, OxfordOX4 2XG, UK. : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 27 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The shear mode crack growth mechanism in 1050 aluminium was investigated using pre-cracked specimens. A small blind hole was drilled in the centre section of the specimens in order to predetermine the crack initiation position, and a push–pull fatigue test was used to make a pre-crack. Crack propagation tests were carried out using both push–pull and cyclic torsion with a static axial load. With push–pull testing, the main crack grew by a mixed mode. It is thus apparent that shear deformation affects the fatigue crack growth in pure aluminium. In tests using cyclic torsion, the fatigue crack grew by a shear mode. The micro-cracks initiated perpendicular and parallel to the main crack's growth direction during the cyclic torsion tests. However, the growth direction of the main crack was not changed by the coalescence of the main crack and the micro-cracks. Shear mode crack growth tends to occur in aluminium. The crack growth behaviour is related to a material's slip systems. The number of slip planes in aluminium is smaller than that of steel and the friction stress during edge dislocation motion of aluminium is lower than many other materials. Correlation between the crack propagation rate and the stress intensity factor range was almost the same in both push–pull and cyclic torsion with tension in this study.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 7 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The progressive nature of fatigue damage under multiaxial stress states has been investigated. Experiments were performed on thin-wall tubular specimens of 1045 steel in tension, torsion and combined tension-torsion loading. Two equivalent strain amplitudes, one in the high cycle fatigue (HCF) region and one in low cycle fatigue (LCF) region were employed in this study. Four recently proposed damage theories were evaluated. Crack depth was used as a damage parameter in comparing damage curves under different loading modes.Different types of crack systems were observed in the HCF and LCF regions. The damage curve obtained in tension loading can be used to evaluate the damage behavior under combined tension—torsion loading. The results of torsion loading show that torsional damage behavior is different from the above two loading modes.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— During constant amplitude loading, two different types of crack systems have been reported In the high cycle fatigue (HCF) region, cracks nucleate on a small number of maxium shear strain amplitude planes One of these cracks becomes a dominant crack and leads to failure of the specimen In the low cycle fatigue (LCF) region, equally developed microcracks are observed over the entire gage section and grow during the majority of the life. The failure is due to a linking in which the microcracks join up during the last few cycles of the fatigue life.To investigate the interaction of these two types of crack systems in biaxial fatigue, experiments were performed on thin-wall tubular specimens in tension, torsion and combined tension-torsion loading The test program included step loading and block loading in which two equivalent strain amplitudes were employed. One of the equivalent strain amplitudes is in the HCF region and the other was in the LCF regionFatigue lives were predicted from constant amplitude damage curves when a single crack system dominated the fatigue process Two competitive crack systems were sometimes developed on the maximum shear strain amplitude planes in a single specimen under block loading This resulted in a conservative prediction of the fatigue life.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The analysis of notch stresses and strains is one of the key parts of fatigue life prediction of components and structures, In this paper two related approaches are introduced, covering the whole field from uniaxial to multiaxial non-proportional loading. The pseudo stress at the notch root computed by theory of elasticity is introduced as the governing variable for elastic-plastic notch analysis. Although the pseudo stress is just a specially defined nominal stress, it eases notch analysis in comparison to using arbitrarily definable nominal stresses, especially for non-proportional multiaxial loading. Additionally a pseudo strain based approach is introduced and compared to the stress approach. Both proportional and non-proportional loading are discussed, and compared with the approaches of other workers.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 24 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The mechanism of crack growth of precracked materials was investigated under cyclic torsion loading with and without axial static stress using 4340 steel. During the crack growth, branching of the crack was observed. The length of the crack between the first branching points was dependent on loading conditions. This length was longer when the applied shear amplitude and the static axial stress level were higher. When the crack tips were opened by the tension loads, the crack had the tendency to grow in a shear mode during cyclic torsion. It was found that friction of the crack surfaces prevented shear mode crack growth. Furthermore, at higher stresses the initiation of new microcracks was observed in front of the main crack and their density was dependent on loading conditions. This helped the crack grow in a shear mode before and after branching.
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