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Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions (2022)

Tognetti, Roberto. [editor.] ; Smith, Melanie. [editor.] ; Panzacchi, Pietro. [editor.]

Cham :Springer International Publishing :

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Keywords: Forestry. ; Conservation biology. ; Ecology . ; Bioclimatology. ; Environmental monitoring. ; Environmental economics. ; Environment. ; Forestry. ; Conservation Biology. ; Climate Change Ecology. ; Environmental Monitoring. ; Environmental Economics. ; Environmental Sciences.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. An Introduction to Climate-Smart Forestry in mountain regions -- Chapter 2. Defining climate-smart forestry -- Chapter 3. Assessment of indicators for climate smart management in mountain forests -- Chapter 4. National Forest Inventory data to evaluate Climate-Smart Forestry -- Chapter 5. Efficacy of trans-geographic observational network design for revelation of growth pattern in mountain forests across Europe -- Chapter 6. Changes of tree and stand growth. Review and implications -- Chapter 7. Modelling future growth of mountain forests under changing environments -- Chapter 8. Climate-smart silviculture in mountain regions -- Chapter 9. Smart harvest operations and timber processing for improved forest management -- Chapter 10. Continuous monitoring of tree responses to climate change for smart forestry – a cybernetic web of trees -- Chapter 11. Remote sensing technologies for assessing climate-smart criteria in mountain forests -- Chapter 12. Economic and social perspective of Climate-smart Forestry: incentives for behavioral change to climate-smart practices in the long-term -- Chapter 13. Assessing the economic impacts of climate change on mountain forests: a literature review -- Chapter 14. Review of policy instruments for climate-smart mountain forestry -- Chapter 15. The role of forests in climate change mitigation: the EU context -- Chapter 16. Smartforests Canada – A network of monitoring plots for forest management under environmental change -- Chapter 17. Climate-Smart Forestry in Brazil.

Abstract: This open access book offers a cross-sectoral reference for both managers and scientists interested in climate-smart forestry, focusing on mountain regions. It provides a comprehensive analysis on forest issues, facilitating the implementation of climate objectives. This book includes structured summaries of each chapter. Funded by the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme, CLIMO has brought together scientists and experts in continental and regional focus assessments through a cross-sectoral approach, facilitating the implementation of climate objectives. CLIMO has provided scientific analysis on issues including criteria and indicators, growth dynamics, management prescriptions, long-term perspectives, monitoring technologies, economic impacts, and governance tools.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

Pages: XXIII, 574 p. 1 illus. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 2022.

ISBN: 9783030807672

Series Statement: Managing Forest Ecosystems, 40

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80767-2

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80767-2

DDC: 634.9

Language: English

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Ecological Atlas of the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas (2017)

Smith, Melanie A. ; Goldman, Max S. ; Knight, Erika J. ; [et al.]

Anchorage, AK : Audubon Alaska

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Keywords: Arctic Ocean ; Alaska ; ecology

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction 2 --- 1.1 Introduction 2 --- 1.2 A Closer Look: Kawerak’s Contribution of Traditional Knowledge 7 --- Map 1.1 Regional Overview 12 --- Chapter 2: Physical Setting 14 --- 2.1 Ocean Currents 16 --- Map 2.1 Ocean Currents 20 --- 2.2 Sea Ice 22 --- Map 2.2a Sea Ice Advance 26 --- Map 2.2b Sea Ice Retreat 28 --- 2.3 Climate 30 --- Maps 2.3a–p Climate 36 --- 2.4 A Closer Look: Bering Sea Weather 38 --- Chapter 3: Biological Setting 42 --- 3.1 Primary Productivity 44 --- Map 3.1 Primary Productivity 46 --- 3.2 Zooplankton 48 --- Map 3.2 Zooplankton 50 --- 3.3 Benthic Biomass 52 --- Map 3.3 Benthic Biomass 56 --- 3.4 Snow and Tanner Crabs 58 --- Map 3.4 Snow Crab 62 --- 3.5 Red King Crab 64 --- Map 3.5 Red King Crab 67 --- Chapter 4: Fishes 72 --- 4.1 Forage Fish Assemblages 74 --- Map 4.1.1 Osmerids 78 --- Map 4.1.2 Pacific Herring 80 --- 4.2 Walleye Pollock 82 --- Map 4.2 Walleye Pollock 84 --- 4.3 North Pacific Cods 85 --- Map 4.3 North Pacific Cods 88 --- 4.4 Atka Mackerel 90 --- Map 4.4 Atka Mackerel 92 --- 4.5 Yellowfin Sole 94 --- Map 4.5 Yellowfin Sole 96 --- 4.6 Pacific Halibut 98 --- Map 4.6 Pacific Halibut 100 --- 4.7 Pacific Salmon 101 --- Map 4.7 Pacific Salmon 104 --- Chapter 5: Birds 110 --- 5.1 Marine Bird Colonies 112 --- Map 5.1.1 Marine Bird Colonies 116 --- Maps 5.1.2a–d Foraging Guilds 118 --- 5.2 Important Bird Areas 120 --- Map 5.2 Important Bird Areas 122 --- 5.3 A Closer Look: Bird Density and Survey Effort 124 --- Map 5.3.1 Annual Bird Density 124 --- Map 5.3.2 Bird Survey Effort 124 --- Maps 5.3.3a–d Seasonal Bird Density 125 --- Marine Waterbirds --- 5.4 Eiders 126 --- Map 5.4.1 King Eider 132 --- Map 5.4.2 Spectacled Eider 134 --- Map 5.4.3 Steller’s Eider 136 --- Map 5.4.4 Common Eider 138 --- 5.5 Long-tailed Duck 140 --- Map 5.5 Long-tailed Duck 144 --- 5.6 Loons 146 --- Map 5.6.1 Yellow-billed Loon 150 --- Map 5.6.2 Red-throated Loon 152 --- 5.7 Red-faced Cormorant 154 --- Map 5.7 Red-faced Cormorant 156 --- 5.8 Phalaropes 157 --- Map 5.8.1 Red-necked Phalarope 160 --- Map 5.8.2 Red Phalarope 160 --- 5.9 Aleutian Tern 161 --- Map 5.9 Aleutian Tern 163 --- 5.10 Kittiwakes 164 --- Map 5.10.1 Red-legged Kittwake 167 --- Map 5.10.2 Black-legged Kittwake 167 --- 5.11 Ivory Gull 168 --- Map 5.11 Ivory Gull 170 --- Seabirds --- 5.12 Murres 171 --- Map 5.12.1 Common Murre 174 --- Map 5.12.2 Thick-billed Murre 174 --- Map 5.12.3 Total Murres 175 --- 5.13 Puffins 176 --- Map 5.13.1 Horned Puffin 179 --- Map 5.13.2 Tufted Puffin 179 --- 5.14 Auklets 180 --- Map 5.14.1 Parakeet Auklet 186 --- Map 5.14.2 Crested Auklet 186 --- Map 5.14.3 Whiskered Auklet 187 --- Map 5.14.4 Least Auklet 187 --- 5.15 Short-tailed Albatross 188 --- Map 5.15 Short-tailed Albatross 190 --- 5.16 Shearwaters 191 --- Map 5.16 Short-tailed / Sooty Shearwater 194 --- Chapter 6: Mammals 204 --- 6.1 Polar Bear 206 --- Maps 6.1a–d Polar Bear Seasonal Distribution 212 --- Pinnipeds --- 6.2 Pacific Walrus 214 --- Map 6.2a Pacific Walrus Summer / Fall 220 --- Map 6.2b Pacific Walrus Winter / Spring 222 --- 6.3 Ice Seals 224 --- Map 6.3.1 Bearded Seal 230 --- Map 6.3.2 Ribbon Seal 230 --- Map 6.3.3 Ringed Seal 231 --- Map 6.3.4 Spotted Seal 231 --- 6.4 Steller Sea Lion 232 --- Map 6.4 Steller Sea Lion 234 --- 6.5 Northern Fur Seal 236 --- Map 6.5 Northern Fur Seal 238 --- Cetaceans --- 6.6 Beluga Whale 240 --- Map 6.6.1 Beluga Whale Stocks 243 --- Map 6.6.2 Beluga Whale 244 --- 6.7 Bowhead Whale 246 --- Maps 6.7a–d Bowhead Whale Seasonal Distribution 250 --- 6.8 Gray Whale 252 --- Map 6.8 Gray Whale 254 --- 6.9 Humpback Whale 255 --- Map 6.9 Humpback Whale 257 --- Chapter 7: Human Uses 266 --- 7.1 A Closer Look: Historical Perspective 268 --- 7.2 Transportation and Energy Infrastructure 270 --- Map 7.2 Transportation and Energy Infrastructure 274 --- 7.3 Petroleum Exploration and Development 276 --- Map 7.3 Petroleum Exploration and Development 282 --- 7.4 A Closer Look: Artificial Islands 284 --- 7.5 Vessel Traffic 285 --- Map 7.5.1 Vessel Density 288 --- Map 7.5.2 Vessel Traffic Patterns 290 --- Maps 7.5.3a–m Vessel Traffic by Month 292 --- 7.6 A Closer Look: Unimak Pass and Bering Strait Vessel Traffic 294 --- 7.7 Fisheries Management Conservation Areas 296 --- Map 7.7 Fisheries Management Conservation Areas 298 --- 7.8 Subsistence 300 --- Maps 7.8.1a–g Subsistence Harvest Areas by Species 306 --- Map 7.8.2 Reported Subsistence Harvest 310 --- 7.9 A Closer Look: The Legal Framework for US Arctic Marine Resource Protection 312 --- 7.10 Conservation Areas 314 --- Map 7.10 Conservation Areas 318 --- Chapter 8: Conservation Summary 326

Pages: Online-Ressource (332 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Edition: 2nd edition

URL: https://ak.audubon.org/conservation/ecological-atlas-bering-chukchi-and-beaufort-seas

Language: English

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Ecological Atlas of Southeast Alaska (2016)

Smith, Melanie A.

Anchorage, AK : Audubon Alaska

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Keywords: Arctic Ocean ; Alaska ; ecology

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction 2 --- Physical Setting 6 --- Topography 8 --- Geologic Setting: Glaciers & Karst 11 --- Air Temperature 14 --- Precipitation 18 --- Snow 22 --- Watersheds & Value Comparison Units (VCUs) 27 --- Biological Setting 32 --- Biogeographic Provinces 34 --- Wetlands 39 --- Estuaries 41 --- Land Cover & Forest Vegetation 44 --- Old-growth & Second-growth Forest 51 --- Core Areas of High Biological Value 57 --- Index of Cumulative Ecological Risk 60 --- Anadromous Fish 66 --- Anadromous Fish Habitat 68 --- King (Chinook) Salmon 73 --- Red (Sockeye) Salmon 76 --- Silver (Coho) Salmon 79 --- Pink (Humpy) Salmon 82 --- Chum (Dog) Salmon 85 --- Steelhead Trout 88 --- Dolly Varden 91 --- Coastal Cutthroat Trout 95 --- Eulachon 99 --- Birds 108 --- Bird Species Richness 110 --- Important Bird Areas (IBAs) 114 --- Marine Bird Colonies 117 --- Marbled Murrelet 120 --- Kittlitz’s Murrelet 123 --- Shorebirds 126 --- Prince of Wales Spruce Grouse 129 --- Queen Charlotte Goshawk 132 --- Bald Eagle 135 --- Mammals 142 --- Mammal Species Richness 144 --- Northern Flying Squirrel 147 --- Sitka Black-tailed Deer 150 --- Alexander Archipelago Wolf 155 --- Brown Bear 160 --- Black Bear 164 --- Human Uses 174 --- Land Ownership 176 --- Transportation and Energy Infrastructure 180 --- Community Subsistence Use 187 --- Timber 191 --- Metals Mining 195 --- Sport and Commercial Fishing 201 --- Land Use Designations 206 --- Conservation Area Design for Southeast Alaska 211 --- Tongass 77 Watersheds 214 --- Conservation Summary 222

Pages: Online-Ressource (223 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

URL: https://ak.audubon.org/conservation/ecological-atlas-southeast-alaska

Language: English

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Ecological Atlas of Alaska's Western Arctic (2016)

Sullender, Bejamin K. ; Smith, Melanie A.

Anchorage, AK : Audubon Alaska

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Keywords: Arctic Ocean ; Alaska ; ecology

Description / Table of Contents: In July 2016, Audubon Alaska completed a long-term effort to integrate the best available science into a series of maps highlighting key resources within Alaska's Western Arctic. The resulting publication, the Ecological Atlas of Alaska's Western Arctic, helps the reader explore the landscape and better understand the overlap of wildlife, people, and development to inform conservation and management.

Pages: Online-Ressource (71 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Edition: 3rd edition

URL: https://ak.audubon.org/birds/audubon-alaskas-ecological-atlases

Language: English

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Mutations in ATP2A2 , encoding a Ca 2+ pump, cause Darier disease (1999)

Sakuntabhai, Anavaj ; Ruiz-Perez, Victor ; Carter, Simon ; [et al.]

[s.l.] : Nature America Inc.

Nature genetics 21 (1999), S. 271-277

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ISSN: 1546-1718

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: [Auszug] Darier disease (DD) is an autosomal-dominant skin disorder characterized by loss of adhesion between epidermal cells (acantholysis) and abnormal keratinization. Recently we constructed a 2.4-Mb, P1-derived artificial chromosome contig spanning the DD candidate region on chromosome 12q23-24.1. ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/6784

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Molecular organisation of the quinic acid utilization (QUT) gene cluster in Aspergillus nidulans (1988)

Hawkins, Alastair R. ; Lamb, Heather K. ; Smith, Melanie ; [et al.]

Springer

Molecular genetics and genomics 214 (1988), S. 224-231

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ISSN: 1617-4623

Keywords: Quinic acid utilization ; DNA sequence ; Divergent transcription ; Permease ; Upstream activator

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary The functional integrity of the QUTB gene (encoding quinate dehydrogenase) has been confirmed by transformation of a qutB mutant strain. The DNA sequence of the contiguous genes QUTD (quinate permease), QUTB and QUTG (function unknown) has been determined and analysed, together with that of QUTE (catabolic 3-dehydroquinase). The QUTB sequence shows significant homology with the shikimate dehydrogenase function of the complex AROM locus of Aspergillus nidulans, and with the QA-3 quinate dehydrogenase and QA-1S (repressor) genes of Neurospora crassa. The QUTD gene shows strong homology with the N. crassa QA-Y gene and QUTG with the QA-X gene. QUTD, QUTB, and QUTG, QUTE form two pairs of divergently transcribed genes, and conserved sequence motifs identified in the two common 5′ non-coding regions show significant homology with UAS GAL and UAS QA sequences of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and N. crassa Gal and QA systems. In addition, conserved 5′ sequences homologous to the mammalian CAAT box are noted and a previously unreported conserved 22 nucleotide motif is presented.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337715

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Spatial and biological characterisation of the complete quinic acid utilisation gene cluster in Aspergillus nidulans (1990)

Lamb, Heather K. ; Hawkins, Alastair R. ; Smith, Melanie ; [et al.]

Springer

Molecular genetics and genomics 223 (1990), S. 17-23

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ISSN: 1617-4623

Keywords: QUTC ; QUTR ; Pseudogenes ; Quinic acid utilisation ; myo-inositol monophosphatase ; Gene cluster

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary Heterologous probing of restriction digests of chromosomal DNA from Aspergillus nidulans with radioactively labelled probes encoding dehydroshikimate dehydratase (QA-4) and a repressor gene (QAI-S) from Neurospora crassa revealed a pattern of hybridisation inconsistent with an equivalent single copy of each gene in A. nidulans. Screening of size-selected and total genome A. nidulans DNA libraries allowed the isolation of four unique classes of sequence, two of which hybridised to the QA-4 probe, and two of which hybridised to the QA1-S probe. In each case, one of each pair of unique sequences was able to complement the equivalent mutations qutC (=QA-4) and qutR (=QA1-S) in A. nidulans, whereas the second of each pair was unable to complement the same mutation. The complementing sequences were physically mapped relative to the previously cloned A. nidulans QUT gene cluster, demonstrating that QUTR is distal and divergently transcribed from QUTA with approximately 3.6 kb between the ATG translational start codons, and that QUTC is transcribed in the same direction as QUTD on the other side of the cluster, approximately 1.65 kb downstream of the QUTD TAA translational stop signal. The physical and genetic maps of the QUT gene cluster correlate precisely. The non-complementing A. nidulans DNA sequences that hybridise to the N. crassa QA-4 (=QUTC) and QA1-S (=QUTR) fulfill many of the criteria characteristic of pseudogenes. The derived protein sequence of the QUTG gene shows a striking similarity to the protein sequence of bovine myo-inositol monophosphatase, indicating that they evolved from a common ancestor, and suggests a role for the QUTG gene, for which no function has previously been discovered, in expression of the QUT gene cluster.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315792

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Identifying multiscale zonation and assessing the relative importance of polygon geomorphology on carbon fluxes in an Arctic Tundra Ecosystem (2015)

Haruko M. Wainwright, Baptiste Dafflon, Lydia J. Smith, Melanie S. Hahn, John B. Curtis, Yuxin Wu, Craig Ulrich, John E. Peterson, Margaret S. Torn, Susan S. Hubbard

Wiley

In: Journal of Geophysical Research JGR - Biogeosciences

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Publication Date: 2015-03-27

Description: We develop a multiscale zonation approach to characterize the spatial variability of Arctic polygonal ground geomorphology, and to assess the relative controls of these elements on land surface and subsurface properties, and carbon fluxes. Working within an ice-wedge polygonal region near Barrow AK, we consider two-scales of zonation: polygon features (troughs, centers, and rims of polygons) that are nested within different polygon types (high, flat, and low-centered). In this study, we first delineated polygons using a digital elevation map, and clustered the polygons into four types along two transects, using geophysical and kite-based landscape-imaging datasets. We extrapolated those data-defined polygon types to all the polygons over the study site, using the polygon statistics extracted from the digital elevation map. Based on the point measurements, we characterized the distribution of vegetation, hydrological, thermal and geochemical properties as well as carbon fluxes, all as a function of polygon types and polygon features. Results show that nested polygon geomorphic zonation – polygon types and polygon features – can be used to represent distinct distributions of carbon fluxes and associated properties, as well as co-variability among those properties. Importantly, the results indicate that polygon types have more power to explain the variations in those properties than polygon features. The approach is expected to be useful for improved system understanding, site characterization, and parameterization of numerical models aimed at predicting ecosystem feedbacks to the climate.

Print ISSN: 0148-0227

Topics: Biology , Geosciences