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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] rANP closely resembles rat atrial natriuretic factor(8-33) containing only two more amino acids (serine and leucine) at the N-terminus12. Atrial natriuretic peptides have natriuretic and hypotensive effects in normal rats1'2 and antihypertensive actions in experimentally hypertensive rats13 and in ...
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We monitored the biological effect of homozygous disruption of the PrP gene in mice by observing 39 homozygous (PrP'1'), 90 heterozygous (PrP+l) and 46 wild-type (PrP+/+) mice over a long period. The PrPl mice grew normally and showed no behavioural abnormality for at least one ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 9 (1989), S. 273-279 
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: insulin ; insulin receptors ; neuropeptide receptors ; invertebrate nervous system ; invertebrate ganglia ; quantitative autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Insulin binding sites were characterized and quantified in snail (Helix aspersa) ganglia by incubation of tissue sections with125I-porcine insulin, autoradiography with [3H]Ultrofilm, image analysis coupled to computer-assisted microdensitometry, and comparison with125I-standards. Cellular localization was performed in the same sections by emulsion autoradiography. 2. Specific insulin binding sites were demonstrated in discretely localized groups of neurons of the cerebral, pleural, parietal, visceral, and pedal ganglia and in nerves. Scatchard analysis performed with consecutive sections from single animals revealed a single class of high-affinity insulin binding sites (K d, 0.13 ± 0.01 nM;B max, 157 ± 10 fmol/mg protein). 3. Our results suggest that insulin may play a role as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in snail ganglia.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: 125I-labeled insulin-like growth factor-I binding sites ; rat forebrain ; rat pituitary gland ; quantitative receptor autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Specific125I-labeled insulin-like growth factor-I ([125I] IGF-I) binding sites in the rat forebrain and pituitary gland were investigated using quantitative receptor autoradiography. 2. High densities of [125I]IGF-I binding sites were present in the olfactory nerve layer, olfactory glomerular layer, choroid plexus, CA3 and CA4 of the hippocampus, basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, and endopiriform nucleus. Moderate to high binding densities were found in the cerebral cortex (II, VI), bed nucleus stria terminalis, accumbens nucleus, lateral septum, median preoptic nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, and ventroposterior thalamic nucleus. In the circumventricular organs, subfornical organ, vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, and median eminence, the binding sites were numerous. High densities of [125I]IGF-I binding sites were also observed in the anterior pituitary gland. 3. In kinetic experiments, [125I]IGF-I binding sites in the olfactory glomerular layer, choroid plexus, median eminence, and anterior pituitary gland were found to be single and of a high affinity. 4. Noteworthy was the difference in the potency of insulin in inhibiting the binding among the areas examined, a finding which suggests heterogeneity of IGF-I receptors. 5. The possibility that IGF-I plays the role of a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator in the central nervous system warrants further investigation.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 17 (1997), S. 89-100 
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: endothelin ; ETA receptor ; ETB receptor ; rat pituitary gland ; Rathke's pouch ; BQ-123 ; sarafotoxin S6c ; quantitative receptor autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. We used the quantitative receptor autoradiographic method plus 125I-endothelin-1 (125I-ET-1), BQ-123, a specific antagonist for the endothelin ETA receptor, and sarafotoxin S6c, a selective agonist for the ETB receptor to investigate the ET receptor in the rat pituitary gland. 2. The method revealed that the BQ-123-sensitive ETA receptor was present predominantly in the anterior lobe and Rathke's pouch. 3. The posterior lobe contained BQ-123-sensitive ETA and sarafotoxin S6c-sensitive ETB receptors, in almost the same proportion. There was no significant 125I-ET-1 binding to the intermediate lobe. 4. Knowledge of the heterogeneous distribution of ET receptor subtypes in the pituitary gland supplies information that will be pertinent to physiological investigations of the gland.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: endothelin ; ETA receptor ; ETB receptor ; solitary tract nucleus ; rat lower brain stem ; BQ-123 ; sarafotoxin S6c
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. The receptor autoradiographic method done on the rat lower brain stem and cerebellum plus 125I-endothelin-1, BQ-123, an antagonist for the endothelin ETA receptor, and sarafotoxin S6c, an agonist for the ETB receptor, revealed minute amounts of the ETA receptor coexisting with the ETB receptor in the caudal solitary tract nucleus of the rat lower brain stem. 2. The ETB receptor is present predominantly in other parts of the lower brain stem. 3. Knowledge of the heterogeneous distribution of the central endothelin receptor subtypes aids in understanding the neurophysiology of endothelins.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: endothelin ETA receptor ; ETB receptor ; cross-talk ; endothelin-1 ; bivalent ligand ; 125I-endothelin-l binding ; quantitative receptor autoradiography ; anterior pituitary gland (rat)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. 125I-Endothelin (ET)-1 binding to the rat anterior pituitary gland was saturable and single, with a K d of 71 pM and a B max of 120 fmol/mg. 2. When 1.0 μM BQ-123 (ETA antagonist) was added to the incubation buffer, the binding parameters were 8.3 pM and 8.0 fmol/mg, whereas 10 nM sarafotoxin S6c (ETBagonist) exerted little change in these binding parameters (K d,72pM;B max, 110 fmol/mg). 3. ETB receptor-related compounds such as sarafotoxin S6c, ET-3, IRL1620, and BQ-788 competitively inhibited 125I-ET-1 binding, only when 1.0 μM BQ-123 was present in the incubation buffer. 4. Thus, the ETB receptor is capable of binding ET-1 when the ETA receptor is being occupied by BQ-123. A collaboration mechanism between the ETA and the ETB receptor may function in the recognition of ET-1, a typical “bivalent” ligand.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 10 (1990), S. 539-552 
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: neuropeptide Y (NPY) ; peptide YY (PYY) ; NPY receptor ; PYY receptor ; quantitative receptor autoradiography ; rat brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Specific binding sites for neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) were investigated in rat brain areas using quantitative receptor autoradiography with125I-Bolton-Hunter NPY (125I-BH-NPY) and125I-PYY, radioligands for PP-fold family peptides receptors. 2. There were no differences between localization of125I-BH-NPY and125I-PYY binding sites in the rat brain. High densities of the binding sites were present in the anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral septal nucleus, stratum radiatum of the hippocampus, posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus, and area postrema. 3. In cold ligand-saturation experiments done in the presence of increasing concentrations of unlabeled NPY and PYY,125I-BH-NPY and125I-PYY binding to the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus, layer I of the somatosensory frontoparietal cortex, molecular layer of the cerebellum, and area postrema was single and of a high affinity. There was a significant difference between the affinities of125I-BH-NPY (K d = 0.96 nM) and125I-PYY binding (K d = 0.05 nM) to the molecular layer of the cerebellum. The binding of the two radioligands to the other areas examined had the same affinities. 4. When comparing the potency of unlabeled rat pancreatic polypeptide (rPP), a family peptide of NPY and PYY, to inhibit the binding to the areas examined, rPP displaced125I-BH-NPY and125I-PYY binding to the area postrema more potently than it did the binding to the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus, layer I of the somatosensory frontoparietal cortex, and molecular layer of the cerebellum. 5. Thus, the quantitative receptor autoradiographic method with125 I-BH-NPY and125I-PYY revealed differences in binding characteristics of specific NPY and PYY binding sites in different areas of the rat brain. The results provide further evidence for the existence of multiple NPY-PYY receptors in the central nervous system.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: endotheline-3 ; dopamine release ; intracellular Ca2+ concentration ; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ; striatal slices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Real-time monitoring of dopamine (DA) release from rat striatal slices demonstrated that endothelin (ET)-3 (0.1–10μM) produced a biphasic DA release consisting of transient and sustained components. When extracellular Ca2+ was removed, the sustained but not transient response remarkably decreased. 2. ET-3 (1–10μM) stimulated an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), which also consisted of two components. The external Ca2+ depletion inhibited primarily the sustained component of the Ca2+ response to ET-3. 3. ET-3 increased inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) concentrations in striatal slices. This response peaked at 10 to 20 sec and returned to the basal level 2 min after stimulation, an event which was in good accord with a prompt and transient phase of both cytosolic Ca2+ activity and DA release evoked by ET-3. 4. Thus, ET-3 produces a transient and a sustained release of DA from striatal slices by stimulating intracellular Ca2+ mobilization via IP3 formation and extracellular Ca2+ influx, respectively.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: prion protein ; targeted mutagenesis ; ataxia ; Purkinje cells ; neurodegeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Prion protein (PrPC) is a host-encoded glycoprotein constitutively expressed on the neuronal cell surface. Accumulation of its protease-resistant isoform is closely related to pathologic changes and prion propagation in the brain tissue of a series of prion diseases. However, the physiological role of PrPC remains to be elucidated. 2. After long-term observation, we noted impaired motor coordination and loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells in the aged mice homozygous for a disrupted PrP gene, a finding which strongly suggests that PrPC plays a role in the long-term survival of Purkinje cells. 3. We also describe the resistance of the PrP null mice to the prion, indicating the requirement of PrPC for both the development of prion diseases and the prion propagation.
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