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1

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Action Spectrum for Photoactivation of the Water-splitting System in Plastids of Intermittently Illuminated Wheat Leaves (1974)

INOUE, YORINAO ; KOBAYASHI, YOSHICHIKA ; SAKAMOTO, EMIKO ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Physiologia plantarum 32 (1974), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: The chloroplasts from wheat leaves developed under intermittent illumination (1 ms light + 12 min dark) were able to photoreduce DPIP with DPC as electron donor but unable to photoreduce DPIP with water as electron donor. On exposure of these leaves to continuous light, the Hill activity with water as electron donor was rapidly induced. The photoactivation was sensitive to the treatment with DCMU prior to exposure to continuous light. The action spectrum for the photoactivation showed a sharp band at 680 nm with a distinct shoulder at 650 nm, and was similar to the absorption spectrum of photosytem-2 particles. These data suggest that the electron transfer driven by photosystem 2 is essential for the activation of the water-splitting system in the chloroplasts of intermittently illuminated leaves.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1974.tb03127.x

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2

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Isotachophoretic Analysis of Ions in Guard Cells of Vicia faba (1979)

SHIMADA, KEIZO ; OGAWA, TERUO ; SHIBATA, KAZUO

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Physiologia plantarum 47 (1979), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Isotachophoretic analysis of ions was performed on guard cells of Vicia faba cv. Ryosai Issun with either open or closed stomata. In guard cells of open stomata, K+ and malic acid concentrations were 5–7 and 5–10 times higher, respectively, than in guard cells of closed stomata. The content of citric acid (plus isocitric acid) also increased during stomatal opening, but the increment was smaller than that of malic acid. Sodium ions, phosphoric and glyceric acids were present in low concentrations but did not increase during the opening. Other cations and anions could not be measured because of low concentrations. Malic acid provided 68–79% of the counter anions for the potassium taken up by guard cells during stomatal opening.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1979.tb06303.x

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3

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Analysis of Rice Mutants by Low Temperature-Derivative Spectrophotometry in Relation to Pigment Compositions and Photochemical Activities (1973)

INOUE, YORINAO ; OGAWA, TERUO ; KAWAI, TAKESHI ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Physiologia plantarum 29 (1973), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: The chloroplasts of five rice (Oryza sativa) mutants examined in the present study possessed the following pigment and activity characteristics as compared with those of normal strain (Nohrin No. 8); a) less chlorophylls (especially, chlorophyll b, the molar ratio of a to b= 6 ∼ 41) and less carotenoids but higher ratios of β-carotene to chlorophylls; b) only photosystem 1 particles were obtained by density gradient centrifugation of digitonin-treated mutant chloroplasts while both photosystem 1 and 2 particles were obtained from normal strain chloroplasts; c) the photosystem 2 activities of mutant chloroplasts were lower (48 ∼ 81 %) than that of normal chloroplasts while their photosystem 1 activities were 1.9 ∼ 2.4 times higher. The derivative absorption spectrum of the normal chloroplasts (a/b= 4) measured at liquid nitrogen temperature showed many small but distinct maxima and minima in the red region in addition to those observable for chlorophylls in solution. These band structures including the French inflection were lost partially in the derivative spectra of three mutants with a/b= 6, 8 and 11 and almost completely in those of the remaining two mutants with a/b= 18 and 41. The lack of such band structures reflecting specific states of chlorophylls in vivo was attributed to the absence of some conformational structures such as those expected in photosystem-2 particles, which are formed by the presence of chlorophyll b and are resistant to the digitonin treatment. Chlorophylls in specific states in such structures were thought to exhibit a higher photosystem 2 activity.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1973.tb04836.x

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4

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Selective Formation of Photosystem 1 under Illumination at Low Intensity (1973)

OGAWA, TERUO ; SHIBATA, KAZUO

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Physiologia plantarum 29 (1973), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Analyses of chlorophylls a and b and P700 in the wheat leaves grown for 8 days under illumination with white light at different intensities suggested selective formation of photosystem 1 of the photosynthesis at low light intensities. This was confirmed for the two types of chloroplasts isolated from leaves grown at light intensities of 1.1 and 240 μ W/cm2, respectively, by measuring their pigment compositions, activities of photosystems 1 and 2, and absorption and fluorescence spectra. The chloroplasts developed at the low intensity showed properties only of photosystem 1 while those developed at the high intensity showed properties of both photosystems 1 and 2. Only photosystem 1 particles were obtained by fractionation of low intensity chloroplasts by treatment with digitonin followed by centrifugation, while high intensity chloroplasts could be fractionated into photosystem-1 and photosystem-2 particles. When the leaves grown at low light intensity were illuminated with strong light, photosystem 2 was developed. The fluorescence emission spectrum of low intensity chloroplasts at 77°K showed two peaks at 685 and 734 nm, and the spectrum of high intensity chloroplasts showed three peaks at 685, 697 and 740 nm.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1973.tb04819.x

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5

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Control of electron flow in intact chloroplasts by the intrathylakoid pH, not by the phosphorylation potential (1979)

Kobayashi, Yoshichika ; Inoue, Yorinao ; Shibata, Kazuo ; [et al.]

Springer

Planta 146 (1979), S. 481-486

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Electron flow ; Intact chloroplasts ; Intrathylakoid pH ; Phosphorylation potential

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract In the presence of nitrite or oxaloacetate, intact chloroplasts evolved oxygen at a significant rate for the initial 1 to 2 min of illumination. Subsequently, oxygen evolution was suppressed progressively. The suppressed oxygen evolution was stimulated strikingly by NH4Cl. The results indicate that coupled electron flow in intact chloroplasts is controlled in the light, and the control is released by NH4Cl. However, at low concentrations, NH4Cl was not an effective uncoupler of photophosphorylation in intact chloroplasts. Intrachloroplast ATP levels and ATP/ADP ratios were not significantly influenced by NH4Cl. In contrast, the quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence, which can be used to indicate the intrathylakoid pH in intact chloroplasts, was reduced drastically even by low concentrations of NH4Cl. This suggests that the chloroplast phosphorylation potential is not in equilibrium with the proton gradient. In coupled chloroplasts, the intrathylakoid pH was lower in the light with nitrite than with oxaloacetate as electron acceptor. Electron flow was also more effectively controlled in chloroplasts illuminated with nitrite than with oxaloacetate. It is concluded that the intrathylakoid pH, not the phosphorylation potential, is a factor in the control of the rate of electron flow in intact chloroplasts.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380864

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6

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Synergistic action of red and blue light and action spectra for malate formation in guard cells of Vicia faba L. (1978)

Ogawa, Teruo ; Ishikawa, Hirohisa ; Shimada, Keizo ; [et al.]

Springer

Planta 142 (1978), S. 61-65

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Action spectrum ; Guard cells ; Light action (stomata) ; Malate formation ; Stomata ; Vicia

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Malate formation in guard cells of Vicia faba leaves is enhanced by light. The action spectrum for this effect was determined for epidermal strips of Vicia faba, and two different spectra were obtained under different light conditions and with and without background irradiation with high-irradiance red light (〉600 nm, 3.0 mW cm−2) superimposed on monochromatic light of other wavelengths. The spectrum obtained at quantum fluxes of 1.7–2.2 nE cm−2 s−1 of monochromatic light without background red light showed a sharp peak at 433 nm with a shoulder around 475 nm and a lower peak at 670–680 nm; the spectrum obtained at much lower quantum fluxes of 0.05–0.07 nE cm−2 s−1 of monochromatic light with red-light background had two peaks of comoparable heights at 380 and 460 nm. The formation of malate with 430-nm blue light was saturated at a quantum flux of 3 nE cm−2 s−1 without the background red light but at a much lower quantum flux of 0.2 nE cm−2 s−1 with the background red light. At this low intensity, blue light was practically ineffective without background red light. A synergistic action of red light presumably absorbed by the chlorophylls, and blue light absorbed by a yellow pigment is thus demonstrated by these experiments. The action maxima at 380 and 460 nm for the blue-light effect in the presence of background red light agree with the absorption maxima of flavins.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385121

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7

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Light-induced chloroplast rearrangements and their action spectra as measured by absorption spectrophotometry (1973)

Inoue, Yorinao ; Shibata, Kazuo

Springer

Planta 114 (1973), S. 341-358

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary A new combination technique of using both dual-wavelength and opalglas methods for scanning translucent biological samples was applied to leaves of terrestrial plants in order to observe their absorption changes by irradiation and the action spectra for the absorption changes. The measurements of true absorption, free from various effects of scattering, by this technique showed an increase of absorption by weak blue light and a decrease of absorption by strong blue light for almost all of the leaves of 20 plant species examined. These weak- and strong-light responses in absorption were reversible. The fractional increase and decrease of absorbance at 678 nm by weak and strong light were highest, +20% and -31%, for leaves of Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto, and +12% and -13% for leaves of foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., the species examined in further experiments. The response to strong light proceeded to completion earlier than did that to weak light. The strong-light response could be observed separately from the weak-light response by using a leaf pre-irradiated with weak blue light. The responses were measured as a function of light intensity by scanning a single leaf irradiated locally at different intensities, and the action spectra for these responses were measured by scanning a leaf irradiated locally at different wavelengths but at identical intensities. The action spectra for these opposite responses were similar, and showed a band at 450 nm with shoulders but no band in the red region. Microscopic observations of chloroplasts in leaves during irradiation indicated that these changes in absorption are mostly due to rearrangements of chloroplasts in cells caused by irradiation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387947

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