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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soft magnetic properties of Fe–Zr–B thin films (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5152-5152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Fe–Zr–B system has been shown to exhibit superior soft magnetic properties in melt-spun ribbons. These ribbons with composition Fe87Zr7Cu3B3 had very low coercivity (0.02 Oe) and high magnetization (190 emu/g) after crystallization at 540 °C from the amorphous state. We have recently extended these studies to thin films with similar composition. These films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering from a solid alloy target. Transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the evolution of the microstructure upon annealing. Magnetic measurements were taken with a hysteresigraph. Unlike the as-spun ribbon samples, the as-sputtered films showed 10 nm crystallities. Selected area diffraction patterns indicated a two phase microstructure, with the bcc phase which gave rise to the soft magnetic properties in the ribbons, coexisting with a second phase leading to degraded soft magnetic properties (Hc=20 Oe and Ms=150 emu/g). Subsequent annealing of the thin film samples enhanced the formation of the second phase and further degraded the soft magnetic properties. Work is currently underway to determine a means of suppressing the formation of the secondary phase while preserving the phase with superior soft properties. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361537
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of preparation conditions on the hysteresis behavior of granular Fe–SiO2 : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5558-5560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The hysteresis behavior of Fex(SiO2)1−x granular films was studied as a function of preparation conditions. The films were prepared by dc and rf magnetron sputtering over the composition range of xv=0.1–0.9, where xv is the volume fraction of Fe. The tandem and composite target deposition methods, both with and without titanium presputtering, were used to prepare the films. Typical granular structure was observed in these films, with grain size in the range of 2–20 nm. X-ray diffraction and selected area diffraction showed a bcc α-Fe-type structure. Magnetic measurements showed that by varying the deposition method and some of the sputtering parameters including sputtering rate, argon flow, film thickness, and substrate temperature, it is possible to switch from a relatively magnetically hard sample (Hc∼650 Oe) to a soft sample (Hc∼20 Oe). For the former sample, a dramatic increase in Hc has been observed at cryogenic temperatures. This result, along with the Mössbauer data, suggest a shell/core granule morphology with an Fe and/or Fe–Si core surrounded by an Fe–Si–O phase. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364660
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granular thin film deposition by simultaneous spark erosion and sputtering : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5564-5566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated a new method of preparing granular thin films, which are composed of fine metallic particles embedded in a uniform matrix material. By our method, fine metallic particles are created by spark erosion in an inert gas environment and directly deposited onto a cooled substrate. Magnetron sputtering is employed concurrently thereby building up the matrix. Using such a deposition method, granular thin films are created without the need of any heat treatments and can be made with virtually any material and composition. Furthermore it is even possible to create granular thin films from miscible phases. The size of the particles can be controlled by varying the pressure under which the spark erosion is conducted up to a few Torr of Ar. We have applied our method to the case of magnetic particles in a nonmagnetic matrix. Preliminary transmission electron microscope measurements on Fe particles in a Cu matrix showed 10-nm-diam. Fe particles. Selected area diffraction patterns show that the film is composed of only the Fe and Cu phases. Similarly for the Gd–Ag system, 10 nm Gd particles were observed in an Ag matrix. Gd–Ag compounds that would be expected to form were not observed. Magnetic measurements for these systems agreed with the nanometer scale microstructure that was observed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364662
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of preparation technique on the structural and magnetic properties of granular Fe-SiO2 (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5302-5302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Previous studies have shown that large coercivities, exceeding 2 kOe, can be obtained in Fe-based ceramic granular films. The coercivities were also found to be sensitive to the type of matrix material used, being higher in the SiO2 matrix. In this study the hysteresis behavior of FeX(SiO2)1−X granular films was studied as a function of the preparation technique. The films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering over the composition range of xv=0.1–0.9 volume fraction of Fe. Tandem deposition both with and without titanium sublimation, and deposition from a composite target were used in preparing the films, which resulted in different oxygen environments. Coercivity measurements were found to be strongly composition dependent, with maximum values up to 700 Oe at xv≈0.5 of Fe, for all sets of samples. Typical granular structure was observed, with grain size in the range of 5–20 nm, with the smaller size obtained from composite targets. X-ray diffraction and selected area diffraction showed a structure of a-Fe (bcc). Thermomagnetic curves showed a peak which can be associated with the onset of superparamagnetism. By varying the deposition method and the oxygen environment, we were able to switch from a relatively magnetically hard sample (Hc∼500 Oe) to a soft sample (Hc∼20 Oe). Mossbauer data are being analyzed to determine the presence of any oxides, their magnetic state and their effect on hysteresis. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361358
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure and magnetic properties of ultrafine grain iron-based soft ribbons : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5601-5603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic and structural properties of as-spun and crystallized Fe-Zr alloys with Cu and B substitutions have been studied. The Cu and B additions were both observed to affect the crystallization temperature and subsequent microstructure. Boron was observed to have the added effect of stabilizing the amorphous state. Crystallization at low temperatures (540 °C) gave the samples a single bcc phase with ultrafine grain size (20 nm), a low coercivity (about 0.1 Oe), and a high magnetization (185 emu/gm). The grain size and coercivity increased upon heat treatment at higher temperatures (720 °C), where a small amount of a second phase (Fe3Zr) appeared to coexist with the bcc phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353664
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and characterization of Dy nanoparticles (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1478-1480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A technique of pure nanoparticle preparation has been explored by forming first small metal particles under high pressure sputtering and then embedding them into a sputtered film matrix. The tandem deposition method is used where the sputtered matrix is deposited at an argon pressure of 5 mTorr and the particles are formed within a specially designed gun at a pressure of 1 Torr and then deposited. The particle-matrix compositional limitations of reactivity and miscibility are thus reduced. The new technique was applied to dysprosium metal particles in an aluminum matrix. The absence of the antiferromagnetic transition for particles with sizes of 4–12 nm was observed. The 4 nm particles behaved superparamagnetically, while the larger 12 nm particles showed coercivities over twice as large as that of the bulk material at cryogenic temperatures. The success of the technique is demonstrated by having been able to carry out the study on the dysprosium-aluminum system that normally reacts, preventing the existence of pure Dy particles. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123586
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Bioceramic-titanium nickelide” functional composites for medicine (1997)
    Springer
    Technical physics letters 23 (1997), S. 294-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract “Bioceramic-titanium nickelide” functional composites are proposed and investigated. It is shown that the incorporation of an alloy (titanium nickelide) possessing superelasticity and shape memory enhances the strength properties of the composite while the porosity through the material needed for the ingrowth of living tissue is maintained. These composites are biocompatible and exhibit a property similar to the superelasticity characteristic of living tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1261890
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of hydroxyapatite with titanium nickelide and titanium (1998)
    Springer
    Technical physics letters 24 (1998), S. 964-965 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It has been established that the interaction of hydroxyapatite with titanium nickelide and titanium results in the formation of new phases whose physicomechanical properties and biocompatibility are unknown. After hydroxyapatite has been resorbed, these phases come in contact with tissue and near-tissue fluids and influence the result of the implant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1262334
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of mechanical activation on the sintering of a titanium-nickel alloy and a bioceramic TiNi composition (2000)
    Springer
    Technical physics letters 26 (2000), S. 436-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mechanical activation strongly influences the sintering of pressed articles made of a powdered titanium-nickel alloy and its compositions with dental porcelain. Preliminary treatment of the powdered mixtures in a planetary ball mill suppresses the martensite transformation and removes anisotropy in the variation of linear dimensions of the pressings. The resulting samples exhibit, instead of a volume expansion related to the rupture of contacts between particles in the course of the reverse martensite transformation, a sintering-induced shrinkage whose extent increases with the sintering temperature and the duration of mechanical activation treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1262871
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ways to develop methods of determining permeability of nonsaturated soils (1986)
    Springer
    Power technology and engineering 20 (1986), S. 181-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-1468
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Conclusions 1. To determine the impermeability of unsaturated soils to water in hydrotechnical construction, calculation methods based on consideration of the number and size of water-conducting channels with consideration of the regularities established theoretically and experimentally can be used in preliminary stages. 2. It is advisable to use field methods for a more reliable evaluation of the water permeability of unsaturated soils. 3. Along with hydraulic testing, methods of air testing wells and pits should be used widely. The reliability of the results of air testing has been established theoretically and experimentally. 4. The experience of surveys for hydrotechnical construction in the USSR showed the effectiveness of the given methods of determining the water permeability of unsaturated soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01431883
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